Battle of the Blacks (original) (raw)
The Battle of the Blacks or Battle of the Slaves was a conflict in Cairo, on 21–23 August 1169, between the black African units of the Fatimid army and other pro-Fatimid elements, and Sunni Syrian troops loyal to the Fatimid vizier, Saladin. Saladin's rise to the vizierate, and his sidelining of the Fatimid caliph, al-Adid, antagonized the traditional Fatimid elites, including the army regiments, as Saladin relied chiefly on the Kurdish and Turkish cavalry troops that had come with him from Syria. According to the medieval sources, which are biased towards Saladin, this conflict led to an attempt by the palace majordomo, , to enter into an agreement with the Crusaders and jointly attack Saladin's forces in order to get rid of him. Saladin learned of this conspiracy, and had Mu'tamin execut
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| dbo:abstract | The Battle of the Blacks or Battle of the Slaves was a conflict in Cairo, on 21–23 August 1169, between the black African units of the Fatimid army and other pro-Fatimid elements, and Sunni Syrian troops loyal to the Fatimid vizier, Saladin. Saladin's rise to the vizierate, and his sidelining of the Fatimid caliph, al-Adid, antagonized the traditional Fatimid elites, including the army regiments, as Saladin relied chiefly on the Kurdish and Turkish cavalry troops that had come with him from Syria. According to the medieval sources, which are biased towards Saladin, this conflict led to an attempt by the palace majordomo, , to enter into an agreement with the Crusaders and jointly attack Saladin's forces in order to get rid of him. Saladin learned of this conspiracy, and had Mu'tamin executed on 20 August. Modern historians have questioned the veracity of this report, suspecting that it may have been invented to justify Saladin's subsequent move against the Fatimid troops. This event provoked the uprising of the black African troops of the Fatimid army, numbering some 50,000 men, who were joined by Armenian soldiers and the populace of Cairo the next day. The clashes lasted for two days, as the Fatimid troops initially attacked the vizier's palace, but were driven back to the large square between the Fatimid Great Palaces. There the black African troops and their allies appeared to be gaining the upper hand, until al-Adid came out publicly against them, and Saladin ordered the burning of their settlements, located south of Cairo outside the city wall, where the black Africans' families had been left behind. The black Africans then broke and retreated in disorder to the south, until they were encircled near the Bab Zuwayla gate, where they surrendered and were allowed to cross the Nile to Giza. Despite promises of safety, they were attacked and almost annihilated there by Saladin's brother Turan-Shah. The defeat of the Fatimid troops was a watershed moment in the history of Egypt and the Muslim world, as it removed the main military support of the Fatimid regime and consolidated Saladin's position as the de facto ruler of Egypt. This culminated in the restoration of Sunni dominance over Egypt and the deposition of the Fatimid dynasty in September 1171. In its place, Saladin established his own Ayyubid dynasty. Some black African troops remained in Saladin's service for a few years, but most who survived the massacre of 1169 fled to Upper Egypt, where they joined unsuccessful pro-Fatimid uprisings in subsequent years. (en) A Batalha dos Negros ou Batalha dos Escravos foi um conflito no Cairo, em 21-23 de agosto de 1169, entre as unidades africanas negras do exército fatímida e outros elementos pró-fatímidas, e as tropas sunitas sírias leais aos fatímidas vizir, Saladino. A ascensão de Saladino ao vizirado e sua marginalização do califa fatímida, al-Adid, antagonizou as tradicionais elites fatímidas, incluindo os regimentos do exército, já que Saladino dependia principalmente dos curdos e turcos, e tropas de cavalaria que vieram com ele da Síria. De acordo com as fontes medievais, que são tendenciosas para Saladino, este conflito levou a uma tentativa do mordomo do palácio, Mu'tamin al-Khilafa, de entrar em um acordo com os cruzados e atacar conjuntamente as forças de Saladino para se livrar dele. Saladino soube dessa conspiração e executou Mu'tamin em 20 de agosto. Historiadores modernos questionaram a veracidade deste relatório, suspeitando que ele pode ter sido inventado para justificar o movimento subsequente de Saladino contra as tropas fatímidas. Este evento provocou a revolta das tropas negras africanas do exército fatímida, com cerca de 50 000 homens, aos quais se juntaram soldados armênios e a população do Cairo no dia seguinte. Os confrontos duraram dois dias, pois as tropas fatímidas atacaram inicialmente o palácio do vizir, mas foram repelidas para a grande praça entre os grandes palácios fatímidas. Lá, as tropas africanas negras e seus aliados pareciam estar ganhando vantagem, até que al-Adid se manifestou publicamente contra eles, e Saladino ordenou a queima de seus assentamentos, localizados ao sul do Cairo, fora da muralha da cidade, onde as famílias dos africanos negros tinha ficado para trás. Os negros africanos então quebraram e recuaram em desordem para o sul, até serem cercados perto do portão Bab Zuwayla, onde se renderam e foram autorizados a atravessar o Nilo para Gizé. Apesar das promessas de segurança, eles foram atacados e quase aniquilados pelo irmão de Saladino, Turan-Shah. A derrota das tropas fatímidas foi um divisor de águas na história do Egito e do mundo muçulmano, pois removeu o principal apoio militar do regime fatímida e consolidou a posição de Saladino como governante de fato do Egito. Isso culminou na restauração do domínio sunita sobre o Egito e na deposição da dinastia fatímida em setembro de 1171. Em seu lugar, Saladino estabeleceu sua própria dinastia aiúbida. Algumas tropas africanas negras permaneceram a serviço de Saladino por alguns anos, mas a maioria dos que sobreviveram ao massacre de 1169 fugiu para o Alto Egito, onde se juntaram a revoltas pró-Fatimida malsucedidas nos anos seguintes. (pt) |
| dbo:combatant | Pro-Fatimid citizens of Cairo Saladin's Syrian forces Black-African and Armenian troops of theFatimid army |
| dbo:commander | dbr:Saladin dbr:Turan-Shah |
| dbo:date | 1169-08-23 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:place | dbr:Cairo dbr:Egypt |
| dbo:result | Victory for Saladin's forces |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/The_story_of_Cairo_(1906)_(14782234955).jpg?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageID | 69857604 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageLength | 23780 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger) |
| dbo:wikiPageRevisionID | 1100127547 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink | dbr:Cairo dbr:Bayn_al-Qasrayn dbr:Qadi dbr:Qadi_al-Fadil dbr:Bernard_Lewis dbr:Upper_Egypt dbr:Vizier_(Fatimid_Caliphate) dbr:Crusader_invasions_of_Egypt dbr:Saladin dbr:Egypt dbr:Giza dbc:12th_century_in_Egypt dbc:12th_century_in_the_Fatimid_Caliphate dbc:Battles_involving_the_Fatimid_Caliphate dbc:Battles_of_Saladin dbc:Conflicts_in_1169 dbr:Shirkuh dbr:Fatimid_Great_Palaces dbr:Majordomo dbr:Ayyubid_dynasty dbr:Baha_al-Din_Qaraqush dbr:Iqta' dbr:Adhan dbr:Al-Adil_I dbr:Al-Mustadi dbr:Al-Adid dbc:Cairo_under_the_Fatimid_Caliphate dbr:Fatimid_Caliphate dbr:Fiqh dbr:Nile dbr:Nur_ad-Din_(died_1174) dbr:Ottoman_Empire dbr:Isma'ilism dbr:Jere_L._Bacharach dbr:Armenians dbr:Aswan dbc:Military_history_of_Cairo dbr:Sunni dbr:Imad_al-Din_al-Isfahani dbr:Great_Fatimid_Palaces dbr:Kingdom_of_Jerusalem dbr:Kurds dbr:Oghuz_Turks dbr:Qus dbr:Shi'a dbr:Crusaders dbr:Naphtha dbr:Turan-Shah dbr:Souq dbr:Bab_Zuwayla dbr:Sunni_Revival dbr:Ayyubid dbr:Black_African dbr:Fatimid_army dbr:Citadel_of_Cairo dbr:Khutba dbr:Abbasid_caliph dbr:Kanz_al-Dawla dbr:Mamluk_Sultanate_of_Cairo dbr:File:The_story_of_Cairo_(1906)_(14782234955).jpg dbr:Abbas_ibn_Shadhi dbr:Andrew_S._Ehrenkreutz dbr:Mu'tamin_al-Khilafa dbr:Shihab_al-Din_al-Harimi dbr:Yaacov_Lev |
| dbp:combatant | Black-African and Armenian troops of the Fatimid army (en) Pro-Fatimid citizens of Cairo (en) Saladin's Syrian forces (en) |
| dbp:commander | dbr:Saladin dbr:Turan-Shah Unknown (en) |
| dbp:conflict | Battle of the Blacks (en) |
| dbp:date | 0001-08-23 (xsd:gMonthDay) |
| dbp:place | dbr:Cairo dbr:Egypt |
| dbp:result | Victory for Saladin's forces (en) |
| dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate | dbt:Fatimid_Caliphate_topics dbt:Saladin dbt:Cite_book dbt:Cite_journal dbt:Convert dbt:Good_article dbt:Infobox_military_conflict dbt:Portal dbt:Reflist dbt:Sfn dbt:Short_description dbt:Transl dbt:Gbooks dbt:Saladin_in_Egypt |
| dcterms:subject | dbc:12th_century_in_Egypt dbc:12th_century_in_the_Fatimid_Caliphate dbc:Battles_involving_the_Fatimid_Caliphate dbc:Battles_of_Saladin dbc:Conflicts_in_1169 dbc:Cairo_under_the_Fatimid_Caliphate dbc:Military_history_of_Cairo |
| rdf:type | owl:Thing schema:Event dul:Event dbo:SocietalEvent wikidata:Q1656682 dbo:Event dbo:MilitaryConflict |
| rdfs:comment | The Battle of the Blacks or Battle of the Slaves was a conflict in Cairo, on 21–23 August 1169, between the black African units of the Fatimid army and other pro-Fatimid elements, and Sunni Syrian troops loyal to the Fatimid vizier, Saladin. Saladin's rise to the vizierate, and his sidelining of the Fatimid caliph, al-Adid, antagonized the traditional Fatimid elites, including the army regiments, as Saladin relied chiefly on the Kurdish and Turkish cavalry troops that had come with him from Syria. According to the medieval sources, which are biased towards Saladin, this conflict led to an attempt by the palace majordomo, , to enter into an agreement with the Crusaders and jointly attack Saladin's forces in order to get rid of him. Saladin learned of this conspiracy, and had Mu'tamin execut (en) A Batalha dos Negros ou Batalha dos Escravos foi um conflito no Cairo, em 21-23 de agosto de 1169, entre as unidades africanas negras do exército fatímida e outros elementos pró-fatímidas, e as tropas sunitas sírias leais aos fatímidas vizir, Saladino. A ascensão de Saladino ao vizirado e sua marginalização do califa fatímida, al-Adid, antagonizou as tradicionais elites fatímidas, incluindo os regimentos do exército, já que Saladino dependia principalmente dos curdos e turcos, e tropas de cavalaria que vieram com ele da Síria. De acordo com as fontes medievais, que são tendenciosas para Saladino, este conflito levou a uma tentativa do mordomo do palácio, Mu'tamin al-Khilafa, de entrar em um acordo com os cruzados e atacar conjuntamente as forças de Saladino para se livrar dele. Saladino so (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Battle of the Blacks (en) Batalha dos Negros (pt) |
| owl:sameAs | wikidata:Battle of the Blacks dbpedia-pt:Battle of the Blacks https://global.dbpedia.org/id/GFzcG |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Battle_of_the_Blacks?oldid=1100127547&ns=0 |
| foaf:depiction | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/The_story_of_Cairo_(1906)_(14782234955).jpg |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:Battle_of_the_Blacks |
| foaf:name | Battle of the Blacks (en) |
| is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of | dbr:1169 dbr:Saladin dbr:Saladin_in_Egypt dbr:Ayyubid_dynasty dbr:Baha_al-Din_Qaraqush dbr:Al-Adid dbr:August_21 dbr:Turan-Shah |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Battle_of_the_Blacks |
