| dbo:abstract |
Zvonařství je řemeslo, převážně umělecké, jež produkuje zvony a zvonky k účelům časoměrným, náboženským, svátečním, hudebním anebo reprezentačním. Kovolitec, zabývající se výrobou zvonů, se nazývá zvonař.V historii bylo zvonařství často spojeno s konvářstvím, jejich produkty byly kromě zvonů konve, hmoždíře či křtitelnice, ve válkách také děla a koule. Je to specializované umělecké řemeslo, kterému se věnuje i více příslušníků jedné rodiny. Často se řemeslo dědí z otce na syna, obdobně jako u výrobců klasických hudebních nástrojů, například houslařů). I zde se uplatňují kromě vysoké řemeslné zručnosti mnohé zkušenosti předků. (cs) Bellfounding is the casting and tuning of large bronze bells in a foundry for use such as in churches, clock towers and public buildings, either to signify the time or an event, or as a musical carillon or chime. Large bells are made by casting bell metal in moulds designed for their intended musical pitches. Further fine tuning is then performed using a lathe to shave metal from the bell to produce a distinctive bell tone by sounding the correct musical harmonics. Bellfounding in East Asia dates from about 2000 BCE and in Europe from the 4th or 5th century CE. In Britain, archaeological excavations have revealed traces of furnaces, showing that bells were often cast on site in pits in a church or its grounds. Centralised foundries became common when railways allowed easy transportation of bells, leading to the dominance of founders such as the Whitechapel Bell Foundry and John Taylor & Co of Loughborough. Elsewhere in the world a number of foundries are still active, some using traditional methods, and some using the latest foundry techniques. Modern foundries produce harmonically tuned bells using principles established in the late 19th century; some of these are also highly decorative. (en) La fundición de campanas es un proceso metalúrgico fruto de una larga tradición, en el que se emplea bronce fundido que se vierte en un molde para fabricar una campana por lo general de gran tamaño, destinada a ser utilizada en un campanario, reloj de torre o en algún edificio público, ya sea para indicar la hora o un evento; o bien para formar parte de un carillón musical. Las campanas grandes se fabrican fundiendo metal de campana en moldes diseñados para obtener el sonido deseado. Posteriormente, se procede a una afinación más precisa usando un torno para raspar parte del metal de la campana, de forma que produzca un tono distintivo generando una serie de tonalidades musicales armónicas correctas. La fundición de campanas en el este de Asia data de aproximadamente de unos 2000 años a. C. y en Europa del siglo IV o V. En Gran Bretaña, algunas excavaciones realizadas han revelado que las campanas a menudo se fundían en pozos en una iglesia o en sus terrenos, donde han aparecido restos de hornos metalúrgicos. Los talleres de fundición estables se hicieron comunes cuando los ferrocarriles permitieron el fácil transporte de las campanas hasta su emplazamiento definitivo, lo que llevó al auge de empresas como y de Loughborough. En otras partes del mundo, todavía hay varias fundiciones activas. Algunas utilizan métodos tradicionales, mientras que otras emplean las últimas técnicas de fundición. Las fundiciones modernas producen campanas afinadas armónicamente utilizando principios establecidos a fines del siglo XIX. También es habitual que incluyan detalles estéticos de carácter decorativo. (es) La fusione delle campane avviene in una fonderia di metalli. Le campane possono essere utilizzate nelle chiese, nelle torri dell'orologio e in edifici pubblici, sia per indicare l'ora sia per segnalare un evento, o anche come carillon musicale. Le campane di grandi dimensioni sono realizzate fondendo il metallo in stampi progettati per le altezze musicali previste. Un'ulteriore fine messa a punto viene poi eseguita utilizzando un tornio per asportare il metallo dalla campana in modo da produrre un tono distintivo suonando le armoniche musicali corrette. La fusione delle campane nell'Asia orientale risale a circa il 2000 a.C. mentre in Europa si realizzò soltanto nel IV o V secolo. In Gran Bretagna, scavi archeologici hanno rivelato tracce di forni metallurgici, dimostrando che le campane venivano spesso fuse sul posto nelle fosse davanti a una chiesa o nei terreni circostanti. Le fonderie divennero comuni quando le ferrovie consentirono un facile trasporto di campane, portando al predominio di aziende come la Whitechapel Bell Foundry e la John Taylor & Co di Loughborough. In altre parti del mondo sono ancora attive alcune fonderie che utilizzano metodi tradizionali mentre altre si affidano alle più recenti tecniche di fonderia. Le fonderie moderne producono campane armonicamente intonate utilizzando regole stabilite alla fine del XIX secolo; alcune di queste sono anche altamente decorative. (it) |
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https://zenodo.org/record/1431789 http://olympicopeningceremony.tumblr.com/tagged/stage2 https://archive.org/details/bellringingengli0000john/page/40 https://archive.org/details/bellstheirhistor00cole%7C https://www.youtube.com/watch%3Fv=f3ANnGXHzxg |
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Zvonařství je řemeslo, převážně umělecké, jež produkuje zvony a zvonky k účelům časoměrným, náboženským, svátečním, hudebním anebo reprezentačním. Kovolitec, zabývající se výrobou zvonů, se nazývá zvonař.V historii bylo zvonařství často spojeno s konvářstvím, jejich produkty byly kromě zvonů konve, hmoždíře či křtitelnice, ve válkách také děla a koule. Je to specializované umělecké řemeslo, kterému se věnuje i více příslušníků jedné rodiny. Často se řemeslo dědí z otce na syna, obdobně jako u výrobců klasických hudebních nástrojů, například houslařů). I zde se uplatňují kromě vysoké řemeslné zručnosti mnohé zkušenosti předků. (cs) Bellfounding is the casting and tuning of large bronze bells in a foundry for use such as in churches, clock towers and public buildings, either to signify the time or an event, or as a musical carillon or chime. Large bells are made by casting bell metal in moulds designed for their intended musical pitches. Further fine tuning is then performed using a lathe to shave metal from the bell to produce a distinctive bell tone by sounding the correct musical harmonics. (en) La fundición de campanas es un proceso metalúrgico fruto de una larga tradición, en el que se emplea bronce fundido que se vierte en un molde para fabricar una campana por lo general de gran tamaño, destinada a ser utilizada en un campanario, reloj de torre o en algún edificio público, ya sea para indicar la hora o un evento; o bien para formar parte de un carillón musical. Las campanas grandes se fabrican fundiendo metal de campana en moldes diseñados para obtener el sonido deseado. Posteriormente, se procede a una afinación más precisa usando un torno para raspar parte del metal de la campana, de forma que produzca un tono distintivo generando una serie de tonalidades musicales armónicas correctas. (es) La fusione delle campane avviene in una fonderia di metalli. Le campane possono essere utilizzate nelle chiese, nelle torri dell'orologio e in edifici pubblici, sia per indicare l'ora sia per segnalare un evento, o anche come carillon musicale. Le campane di grandi dimensioni sono realizzate fondendo il metallo in stampi progettati per le altezze musicali previste. Un'ulteriore fine messa a punto viene poi eseguita utilizzando un tornio per asportare il metallo dalla campana in modo da produrre un tono distintivo suonando le armoniche musicali corrette. (it) |
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Zvonařství (cs) Bellfounding (en) Fundición de campanas (es) Fusione delle campane (it) |
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