Bloc party (original) (raw)
위성정당(衛星政黨, 영어: satellite party) 또는 구색정당(具色政黨, 영어: bloc party)은 일당제 국가에서 정권을 잡은 수권 정당(여당) 외에 다당제의 구색을 맞추기 위해 존재하는 명목상의 정당이다. 위성정당은 체제를 지지하고 일정한 한도 내에서 이익을 추구하나 정권 교체는 원칙적으로 불가능하며 정권 교체를 바라지도 않는다. 또한 지방조직이 없으며 당원 숫자도 극히 적다.
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| dbo:abstract | A bloc party (German: Blockpartei) in politics may refer to a political party that is a constituent member of an electoral bloc. However, this term also has a more specific meaning, referring to non-ruling but legal political parties in a one-party state (most notably communist regimes) as auxiliary parties and members of a ruling coalition, differing such governments from pure one-party states such as Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, although such minor parties rarely if ever constitute opposition parties or alternative sources of power. Other authoritarian regimes may also have multiple political parties which are nominally independent in order to give the appearance of political pluralism, but support or act in de facto cooperation with the government or ruling party. Sometimes, a bloc party is called a satellite party. (en) La Blokpartio origine nomiĝas politika partio, kiu estas parto de elektobloko, tamen nun ĝenerale tiel nomiĝas partio, kiu eniras registaron ĉe aŭtoritata aŭ totalisma reĝimo sen esti gvidanta partio. Ĉeesto de blokpartioj diferencigas tiajn sistemojn de unupartia ŝtato, kvankam plej ofte ili ne estas konsiderataj opozicio aŭ alternativa povoforto. Historie, blokpartioj ofte aperis kaj aktivas en pluraj socialismaj ŝtatoj kaj militreĝimoj. La vorto Blokpartio devenas de la germana vorto Blockpartei, kiun oni origine aplikis al membropartioj de Nacia Fronto, la elektobloko en GDR. Poste kiam blokpartioj perdis realan politikan potencon, kiu koncentriĝis ĉe Socialista Unueca Partio de Germanio (SED), la signifo de la vorto ŝanĝiĝis al "satelita partio (sub la diktatura reĝimo)". En Orienta Azio kiel Ĉinio, oni nomas tion satelita partio (ĉine 卫星党). (eo) Blockparteien sind politische Parteien, die in Staaten neben der herrschenden Partei existieren und mit dieser in einem Parteienblock zusammengeschlossen sind. Diese Parteien sind in Parlamenten und Regierungen vertreten, ohne eigentliche Macht ausüben zu können. Sie stehen nicht in Wahlkonkurrenz zur herrschenden Partei. Blockparteien werden aus zwei Gründen zugelassen oder gar von den Machthabern selbst gegründet: Sie sollen den Anschein erwecken, es gäbe einen funktionierenden Parteienpluralismus und damit eine Voraussetzung für ein demokratisches System. Außerdem sollen Blockparteien die Regierungspolitik auch solchen Regierten nahebringen, die der machthabenden Partei kritisch gegenüberstehen. Der Ausdruck Blockpartei entstand durch den „Antifaschistisch-demokratischen Block“ in der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone und später in der DDR. Der Block vom 14. Juli 1945 war ein Parteienbündnis; er wurde später zum „Demokratischen Block der Parteien und Massenorganisationen“ umgeformt, der Teil der Nationalen Front war. Vor allem vor 1949 versuchten einige Blockparteien, eine eigenständige Politik zu betreiben. Dies wurde allerdings von der machthabenden Sozialistischen Einheitspartei Deutschlands unterbunden. Spätestens seit den 1950er Jahren vertraten die Blockparteien dieselben politischen Ziele wie die SED und vollzogen deren Politik mit. Derartige Blocksysteme gab und gibt es auch in anderen Ländern, nicht nur in solchen, die sich als „sozialistisch“ bezeichnen. (de) 위성정당(衛星政黨, 영어: satellite party) 또는 구색정당(具色政黨, 영어: bloc party)은 일당제 국가에서 정권을 잡은 수권 정당(여당) 외에 다당제의 구색을 맞추기 위해 존재하는 명목상의 정당이다. 위성정당은 체제를 지지하고 일정한 한도 내에서 이익을 추구하나 정권 교체는 원칙적으로 불가능하며 정권 교체를 바라지도 않는다. 또한 지방조직이 없으며 당원 숫자도 극히 적다. (ko) 衛星政党（えいせいせいとう、bloc party / satellite party）とは、ヘゲモニー政党制を採用している国家において、常に政権を独占する政党（ヘゲモニー政党）以外で存在が合法化されている小政党のことである。 (ja) Blokpartij heet een partij die in een communistische staat met de communistische partij samenwerkt. In het "blok" sluiten de blokpartijen zich aan bij de communistische partij. De communistische partij heeft in zo'n blok steeds de overhand. Voor de leden van een blokpartij kan het lidmaatschap attractief zijn voor de carrière in maatschappij en beroep zonder lid van de communistische partij te worden. (nl) Blockparti är en term med ursprung i det av det kalla kriget delade Tyskland, för de legala politiska partier som fanns i Östtyskland vid sidan av det styrande Socialistiska enhetspartiet. I bredare mening användes begreppet också för att beskriva motsvarande nominellt självständiga icke-kommunistiska partier som verkade i övriga östblocket. I praktiken underordnades dessa partier såsom stödpartier de styrande kommunisterna och gav sken av ett fungerande flerpartisystem. Begreppet blockparti kan jämföras med blockpolitik där olika block står mot varandra medan blockpartier i ovan nämnda bemärkelse tillsammans med det styrande partiet utgör det enda tillåtna politiska blocket. Idag finns liknande partier i bland annat Kina och Nordkorea men även i länder som inte betecknas som statssocialistiska. (sv) 卫星党，又稱附庸黨、花瓶党、尾巴党，指的是主要政党（通常是执政党）以外的其它一些规模不大的政党。卫星党一般都是直接或间接受到主要政党的控制而缺乏独立性，並用於对外营造民主氛围或多党合作体制，被視為政治花瓶。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | 위성정당(衛星政黨, 영어: satellite party) 또는 구색정당(具色政黨, 영어: bloc party)은 일당제 국가에서 정권을 잡은 수권 정당(여당) 외에 다당제의 구색을 맞추기 위해 존재하는 명목상의 정당이다. 위성정당은 체제를 지지하고 일정한 한도 내에서 이익을 추구하나 정권 교체는 원칙적으로 불가능하며 정권 교체를 바라지도 않는다. 또한 지방조직이 없으며 당원 숫자도 극히 적다. (ko) 衛星政党（えいせいせいとう、bloc party / satellite party）とは、ヘゲモニー政党制を採用している国家において、常に政権を独占する政党（ヘゲモニー政党）以外で存在が合法化されている小政党のことである。 (ja) Blokpartij heet een partij die in een communistische staat met de communistische partij samenwerkt. In het "blok" sluiten de blokpartijen zich aan bij de communistische partij. De communistische partij heeft in zo'n blok steeds de overhand. Voor de leden van een blokpartij kan het lidmaatschap attractief zijn voor de carrière in maatschappij en beroep zonder lid van de communistische partij te worden. (nl) 卫星党，又稱附庸黨、花瓶党、尾巴党，指的是主要政党（通常是执政党）以外的其它一些规模不大的政党。卫星党一般都是直接或间接受到主要政党的控制而缺乏独立性，並用於对外营造民主氛围或多党合作体制，被視為政治花瓶。 (zh) A bloc party (German: Blockpartei) in politics may refer to a political party that is a constituent member of an electoral bloc. However, this term also has a more specific meaning, referring to non-ruling but legal political parties in a one-party state (most notably communist regimes) as auxiliary parties and members of a ruling coalition, differing such governments from pure one-party states such as Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, although such minor parties rarely if ever constitute opposition parties or alternative sources of power. Other authoritarian regimes may also have multiple political parties which are nominally independent in order to give the appearance of political pluralism, but support or act in de facto cooperation with the government or ruling party. (en) La Blokpartio origine nomiĝas politika partio, kiu estas parto de elektobloko, tamen nun ĝenerale tiel nomiĝas partio, kiu eniras registaron ĉe aŭtoritata aŭ totalisma reĝimo sen esti gvidanta partio. Ĉeesto de blokpartioj diferencigas tiajn sistemojn de unupartia ŝtato, kvankam plej ofte ili ne estas konsiderataj opozicio aŭ alternativa povoforto. Historie, blokpartioj ofte aperis kaj aktivas en pluraj socialismaj ŝtatoj kaj militreĝimoj. (eo) Blockparteien sind politische Parteien, die in Staaten neben der herrschenden Partei existieren und mit dieser in einem Parteienblock zusammengeschlossen sind. Diese Parteien sind in Parlamenten und Regierungen vertreten, ohne eigentliche Macht ausüben zu können. Sie stehen nicht in Wahlkonkurrenz zur herrschenden Partei. Derartige Blocksysteme gab und gibt es auch in anderen Ländern, nicht nur in solchen, die sich als „sozialistisch“ bezeichnen. (de) Blockparti är en term med ursprung i det av det kalla kriget delade Tyskland, för de legala politiska partier som fanns i Östtyskland vid sidan av det styrande Socialistiska enhetspartiet. I bredare mening användes begreppet också för att beskriva motsvarande nominellt självständiga icke-kommunistiska partier som verkade i övriga östblocket. I praktiken underordnades dessa partier såsom stödpartier de styrande kommunisterna och gav sken av ett fungerande flerpartisystem. (sv) |
| rdfs:label | Blockpartei (de) Blokpartio (eo) Bloc party (en) 위성정당 (ko) 衛星政党 (ja) Blokpartij (nl) Blockparti (sv) 卫星党 (zh) |
| rdfs:seeAlso | dbr:List_of_political_parties dbr:North_Korea |
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