Booker T. Washington (original) (raw)
Booker Taliaferro Washington (5. dubna 1856 – 14. listopadu 1915) byl americký politik, pedagog a spisovatel, mezi roky 1890 a 1915 nejvýznamnější vůdce černochů v USA. Zastával umírněnou politiku, snažil se zamezit konfrontaci s bělošskou většinou a usiloval o dlouhodobé povznesení amerických černochů podporou jejich vzdělání a podnikání.
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| dbo:abstract | Booker Taliaferro Washington (1856 – 1915) va ser un polític afroamericà estatunidenc. Washington va ser de la darrera generació de líders afroamericans nascuts esclaus. Va estar en contra de les lleis discriminatòries contra els negres sorgides després de l'abolició de l'esclavisme. Washington va ser partidari de l' i un dels fundadors de la . La seva base va ser el , un college d'Alabama. Com els linxaments al Sud dels Estats Units van arribar al seu màxim el 1895, Washington va fer el discurs conegut com a "", la qual cosa li va donar fama nacional. Va ser partidari de canviar la situació dels afroamericans via l'educació. (ca) Booker Taliaferro Washington (5. dubna 1856 – 14. listopadu 1915) byl americký politik, pedagog a spisovatel, mezi roky 1890 a 1915 nejvýznamnější vůdce černochů v USA. Zastával umírněnou politiku, snažil se zamezit konfrontaci s bělošskou většinou a usiloval o dlouhodobé povznesení amerických černochů podporou jejich vzdělání a podnikání. (cs) بوكر تي واشنطن (بالإنجليزية: Booker T. Washington) ولد عبدا في مزرعة ب مقاطعة فرانكلين (فيرجينيا) في 5 أبريل 1856 وتوفي بمدينة توسكيجي في 14 نوفمبر 1915 هو كاتب ومدافع عن حقوق الأميركيين السود. رتفع ليصبح واحد من أكثر المفكرين تأثيرا في أواخر القرن ال19. في عام 1881، أسس ، مدرسة للامريكان من اصول أفريقية في ألاباما المكرسة لتدريب المعلمين. وعمل أيضا وراء تشكيل للمجلس الوطنى لدوري الزنجي، وشغل منصب مستشار الرئيس ثيودور روزفلت وويليام هوارد تافت. ينتمي واشنطن إلى الجيل الأخير من القادة الأمريكيين السود الذين ولدوا في العبودية، وأصبحوا الصوت الرائد لمن كانوا في العبودية وذريتهم. كان هؤلاء يخضعون للاضطهاد من جديد في الجنوب عبر إلغاء حقهم في الاقتراع وقوانين جيم كرو الإقصائية المًشرّعة في الولايات الجنوبية في عصر إعادة الإعمار أواخر القرن التاسع عشر وبداية القرن العشرين. كان واشنطن من المناصرين الرئيسيين للشركات الأمريكية الأفريقية وواحدًا من مؤسسي رابطة أصحاب الأعمال الزنوج الوطنية. اتخذ معهد توسكيجي مقرًا له، وهو كلية تاريخية للسود في توسكيجي في ألاباما. مع بلوغ عمليات الإعدام دون محاكمة في الجنوب ذروتها في 1895، ألقى واشنطن خطابًا عُرف باسم «تسوية أطلنطا»، والذي سّبب شهرته على الصعيد الوطني. ودعا من خلاله إلى تقدم السود عن طريق التعليم وريادة الأعمال، بدلًا من تحدي قوانين جيم كرو العنصرية وحرمان السود من حق الاقتراع في الجنوب. حشد واشنطن ائتلافًا وطنيًا من أفراد الطبقة الوسطى من السود، وقادة الكنيسة، والإنسانيين البيض، والسياسيين، وكان هدفه على المدى البعيد تأسيس القوة الاقتصادية للمجتمع وتنمية الاعتزاز عبر التركيز على المساعدة الذاتية والتعليم. ولكنه دعم بشكل سري الطعن بقوانين التمييز العنصري والقيود المفروضة على تسجيل الناخبين. دعم المقاتلون السود في الشمال بقيادة دو بوا تسوية أطلنطا، لكنهم اعترضوا لاحقًا عليها واختاروا تأسيس الجمعية الوطنية للنهوض بالملونين للعمل على إحداث التغيير السياسي. وحاولوا تحدي آلة واشنطن السياسية في قيادة مجتمع السود لكنهم نجحوا بشكل محدود، وبنوا شبكات أوسع بين الحلفاء البيض في الشمال. بعد عقود من وفاة واشنطن في 1915، اتخذت حركة الحقوق المدنية في الخمسينيات شكلًا أكثر نشاطًا ونزعة عسكرية، والتي اعتمدت على منظمات جديدة ذات قاعدة شعبية في الجنوب، مثل التجمع من أجل المساواة العرقية ولجنة التنسيق الطلابية اللا عنفية ومؤتمر القيادة المسيحية في الجنوب. أتقن واشنطن الخوض في الساحة السياسية في أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، ما مكنه من خداع الإعلام، وجمع الأموال، وتطوير الخطط، والصلات، والدفع نحو الأمام، ومكافأة الأصدقاء، وتوزيع المال، ومعاقبة معارضي خططه الساعية إلى تحسين أوضاع السود. وكان هدفه على المدى الطويل إنهاء تجميد الغالبية العظمى من الأمريكيين ذوي الأصول الأفريقية الذين ما زالوا يعيشون في الجنوب. (ar) Booker Taliaferro Washington (* 5. April 1856 auf der Burroughs Farm, , Franklin County, Virginia; † 14. November 1915 in Tuskegee, Alabama) war ein US-amerikanischer Pädagoge, Sozialreformer und Bürgerrechtler. (de) Booker Taliaferro Washington (naskiĝis la 5-an de aprilo 1856, mortis la 14-an de novembro 1915) estis afrik-usona edukisto, aŭtoro, oratoro kaj konsilisto de pluraj prezidentoj de Usono. Inter 1890 kaj 1915, Washington estis hegemonia estro de la afrik-usona komunumo. Washington estis el la lasta generacio de nigraj estroj naskiĝintaj en sklaveco kaj iĝis ĉefa porparolanto de la iamaj sklavoj kaj ties posteuloj, kiuj estis denove subpremitaj pro senrajtigo al voĉdonado kaj la diskriminacia leĝaro konita kiel en la epoko post la nomita Rekonstruo de Usono, ĉefe en la ŝtatoj de Suda Usono fine de la 19-a kaj komence de la 20-a jarcentoj. En 1895 lia Atlanta kompromiso alvokis eviti kontraŭstaron super segregacio kaj anstataŭe plie fidis al longdaŭra edukado kaj ekonomia avanco en la nigrula komunumo. (eo) Booker Taliaferro Washington (April 5, 1856 – November 14, 1915) was an American educator, author, orator, and adviser to several presidents of the United States. Between 1890 and 1915, Washington was the dominant leader in the African-American community and of the contemporary black elite. Washington was from the last generation of black American leaders born into slavery and became the leading voice of the former slaves and their descendants. They were newly oppressed in the South by disenfranchisement and the Jim Crow discriminatory laws enacted in the post-Reconstruction Southern states in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Washington was a key proponent of African-American businesses and one of the founders of the National Negro Business League. His base was the Tuskegee Institute, a normal school, later a historically black college in Tuskegee, Alabama at which he served as principal. As lynchings in the South reached a peak in 1895, Washington gave a speech, known as the "Atlanta compromise", which brought him national fame. He called for black progress through education and entrepreneurship, rather than trying to challenge directly the Jim Crow segregation and the disenfranchisement of black voters in the South. Washington mobilized a nationwide coalition of middle-class blacks, church leaders, and white philanthropists and politicians, with a long-term goal of building the community's economic strength and pride by a focus on self-help and schooling. With his own contributions to the Black community, Washington was a supporter of racial uplift, but secretly he also supported court challenges to segregation and to restrictions on voter registration. Washington had the ear of the powerful in the America of his day, including presidents. His mastery of the American political system in the later 19th century allowed him to manipulate the media, raise money, develop strategy, network, distribute funds, and reward a cadre of supporters. Because of his influential leadership, the timespan of his activity, from 1880 to 1915, has been called the Age of Booker T. Washington. Nevertheless, opposition to Washington grew, as it became clear that his Atlanta compromise did not produce the promised improvement for most Black Americans in the South. William Monroe Trotter and W. E. B. Du Bois, whom Bookerites perceived in an antebellum way as "northern Blacks", found Washington too accommodationist and his industrial ("agricultural and mechanical") education inadequate. Washington fought vigorously against them and succeeded in his opposition to the Niagara Movement they tried to found but could not prevent their formation of the NAACP, whose views became mainstream. Black activists in the North, led by Du Bois, at first supported the Atlanta compromise, but later disagreed and opted to set up the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) to work for political change. They tried with limited success to challenge Washington's political machine for leadership in the Black community, but built wider networks among white allies in the North. Decades after Washington's death in 1915, the civil rights movement of the 1950s took a more active and progressive approach, which was also based on new grassroots organizations based in the South, such as Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Washington's legacy has been controversial in the civil rights community. After his death in 1915, he came under heavy criticism for accommodationism to white supremacy, despite his claims that his long-term goal was to end the disenfranchisement of African Americans, the vast majority of whom still lived in the South. However, a more neutral view has appeared since the late 20th century. As of 2010, most recent studies "defend and celebrate his accomplishments, legacy, and leadership". (en) Booker Taliaferro Washington (Hale's Ford, 5 de abril de 1856 - Tuskegee, 14 de noviembre de 1915) fue un educador, orador y líder de la comunidad negra estadounidense. Fue liberado de la esclavitud en su infancia, y tras desempeñar varios trabajos de poca relevancia en Virginia Occidental se procuró una educación en el Instituto Hampton (Hampton Institute) y en el Seminario Wayland (Wayland Seminary). En 1881, con la recomendación de Samuel C. Sam Armstrong ―fundador del Instituto Hampton― fue designado como el primer líder del reciente Instituto Tuskegee de Alabama, que, por entonces, era una universidad de formación del profesorado para negros. Washington creía que la educación era la clave para que la comunidad negra ascendiese en la estructura económico-social de los Estados Unidos. Se convirtió en su líder y portavoz a escala nacional. Aunque su estilo de no-confrontación fue criticado por algunos (sobre todo por W. E. B. Du Bois quien apodó a Washington como "el gran acomodador") tuvo mucho éxito en sus relaciones con grandes filántropos como , , Julius Rosenwald y la familia Rockefeller, que patrocinaron con miles de dólares la educación en Hampton y Tuskegee. Financiaron también cientos de escuelas públicas para niños negros en el sur y realizaron donaciones para impulsar el cambio legal sobre segregación y derecho al voto. Recibió honores de la Universidad de Darmouth y la Universidad Harvard y fue el primer negro invitado con honores a la Casa Blanca. Fue considerado el hombre negro más poderoso de la nación desde 1895 hasta su muerte en 1915, y cientos de escuelas e instituciones locales llevan su nombre. (es) Booker Taliaferro Washington, né le 5 avril 1856 dans une petite plantation de tabac, nommée Hale's Ford, dans le comté de Franklin en Virginie, mort le 14 novembre 1915 à Tuskegee dans l’Alabama, est enseignant, écrivain américain et un défenseur des droits des Afro-Américains. Il est le cofondateur et premier président du Tuskegee Institute, devenu la Tuskegee University. (fr) Booker T. Washington adalah tokoh pendidikan (edukator) yang membuka kesempatan bagi ribuan masyarakat Afrika-Amerika untuk mendapatkan pendidikan dan mempelajari industri serta kerajinan tangan. Dia dilahirkan di , Virginia pada 5 April 1856. Masa kecilnya dihabiskan di kota kecil , dengan bekerja pada pertambangan dan bersekolah di suatu sekolah yang hanya memiliki satu ruangan. Pada tahun 1872, dia melanjutkan pendidikannya di , yang didirikan oleh . Setelah lulus, dia mengajar di dan hingga pada 1881, Armstrong merekomendasikan Washington untuk menjadi kepala , sekolah baru di Macon, Alabama. Selama 34 tahun kepemimpinannya, Institut Tuskegee telah menjadi nasional yang terkemuka untuk warga kulit hitam. Saat dia meninggal pada tahun 1915, Institut Tuskegee telah memiliki 1.537 murid terdaftar dan mempekerjakan 197 orang. (in) ブッカー・トリヴァー・ワシントン (英: Booker Taliaferro Washington [ˈtɒlɪvər], 1856年4月5日 - 1915年11月15日）は、アメリカ合衆国の教育者、作家。 ワシントンはバージニア州フランクリン郡のヘイルズ・フォードで生まれた。彼は母親と共に奴隷制から解放された後、バージニア東部のハンプトンに設立される教員養成学校で学ぶためウェストバージニア州から東へ向かった。 後年彼は著名な教育者となり、19世紀後半から20世紀前半にかけてアメリカ合衆国におけるアフリカ系アメリカ人の間で人気のあるスポークスマンとして活動した。彼は「調停者 accommodator」の愛称で呼ばれた。白人と協力し、裕福な慈善家からの支援を得た彼の仕事は、多数の小さな地域の学校と、南部の至る所で黒人のための高等教育機関を設立、運営することを支援した。 (ja) Booker Taliaferro Washington è stato un educatore, scrittore e oratore statunitense, punto di riferimento per la comunità afroamericana dell'epoca. Affrancato dalla schiavitù quando era ancora un bambino, dopo aver svolto diversi umili lavori nella Virginia Occidentale riuscì a riscattarsi grazie alla buona istruzione conseguita presso la e il . Su raccomandazione del fondatore della Hampton , ancora in giovane età diventò il primo direttore del nuovo Tuskegee Institute, che allora era una scuola per diventare insegnanti riservata agli afroamericani. Washington credeva che l'istruzione avesse un ruolo cruciale perché i cittadini afroamericani potessero risalire nella scala sociale e nelle strutture economiche degli Stati Uniti. Diventò celebre a livello nazionale come portavoce e leader della comunità nera. Nonostante il suo approccio non-conflittuale fosse criticato da alcuni altri leader afroamericani (soprattutto W.E.B. Du Bois che lo etichettò come "Il Grande Accomodatore"), riuscì a stringere buoni rapporti con grandi filantropi come , Henry Huddleston Rogers (e l'amico di questi Mark Twain), e la Famiglia Rockefeller, che finanziarono con milioni di dollari la Hampton e il Tuskagee Institute e contribuirono a pagare gli studi a centinaia di bambini neri del sud degli Stati Uniti, oltre a donare fondi per sostenere cause legali contro la segregazione razziale e la revoca del diritto di voto. Washington ricevette lauree honoris causa dal Dartmouth College e dall'Università Harvard e fu il primo nero ad essere ospitato dal presidente degli Stati Uniti alla Casa Bianca. Dal 1895 al giorno della sua morte fu considerato l'afroamericano più potente della nazione; numerose scuole e edifici pubblici in tutto il paese sono stati battezzati con il suo nome. (it) Booker Taliaferro Washington ( (Franklin County, Virginia) 5 april 1856 – Tuskegee (Alabama) 14 november 1915) was een Afro-Amerikaanse pedagoog, schrijver en voorvechter van betere rechten voor zwarte Amerikanen rond de eeuwwisseling. Washington werd geboren als zoon van een slavin op een plantage in Virginia. Zijn moeder Jane was een kokkin en zijn vader een blanke man van een nabije boerderij. De T. in zijn naam staat voor Taliaferro, de naam van zijn meester. Na de bevrijding van slaven na de Amerikaanse Burgeroorlog in 1865 vertrok zijn familie naar in West-Virginia. Hier ging hij naar school en werkte in de mijnindustrie. Van 1872 tot 1875 volgde hij het en onderwees vervolgens twee jaar lang zelf in Malden. Hierna deed hij een studie aan het in Washington D.C.. In zijn bekendste werk Atlanta Exposition Speech (1895) moedigt hij de zwarte bevolking in de Verenigde Staten aan om zich te ontwikkelen. Alleen op deze manier zouden ze succesvol kunnen worden. Nadat hij een invloedrijke Afro-Amerikaanse leider was geworden, schreef hij het boek Up from slavery (1901). Het eerste hoofdstuk hiervan is getiteld Slaaf onder de slaven. In 1901 werd Washington door president Theodore Roosevelt in het Witte Huis uitgenodigd voor een diner. Dit diner lokte verontwaardiging uit in de zuidelijke staten. Bijna 100 jaar na Booker T. Washingtons geboorte, op 2 april 1956, werd zijn geboorteplaats opgenomen in het Nationaal Park-systeem als het Booker T. Washington National Monument. De deltabluesgitarist en -zanger Bukka White werd naar Washington genoemd. (nl) 부커 T. 워싱턴(Booker T. Washington, 1856년 4월 5일 ~ 1915년 11월 14일)은 1890년부터 죽을 때까지 미국의 교육자이자 연설가, 흑인 사회의 대표적인 리더로서 활동을 했다. 에서 의 발자취를 남긴 작가인 심훈이 1935년에 쓴 《상록수》에 나올 정도로 한국의 농민운동에도 영향을 준 활동가이다. (ko) Booker Taliaferro Washington (ur. 5 kwietnia 1856 w Hale's Ford w Hrabstwie Franklin, zm. 14 listopada 1915 w Tuskegee) – amerykański działacz oświatowy i polityczny, pisarz oraz nauczyciel. (pl) Booker Taliaferro Washington (5 de abril de 1856, em Hale's Ford no Condado de Franklin, na Virgínia, nos Estados Unidos – 15 de novembro de 1915) foi um educador e líder afro-americano estadunidense. (pt) Booker Taliaferro Washington, född 5 april 1856 i Franklin County, Virginia, död 14 november 1915 i Tuskegee, Alabama, var en amerikansk författare, skolreformator och människorättsaktivist. Han var född som slav och blev känd för sitt arbete mot rasism och slaveri. (sv) 布克·華盛頓（Booker Taliaferro Washington，1856年4月5日－1915年11月14日）是美國政治家、教育家和作家。他是1890年到1915年之间美国黑人历史上的重要人物之一。 華盛頓出生于弗吉尼亚州富蘭克林縣，其父亲是白人奴隶主，母亲是黑奴。他在體力勞動工作學會讀和寫。在十六歲时，他来到弗吉尼亚漢普頓的师范和农业学院（現在的漢普頓大學）接受教师培训。1881年，他被任命为阿拉巴马州塔斯基吉學院的領導。在1896年和1901年，他分别獲哈佛大学和达特茅斯学院授予的名譽文學碩士学位和名譽博士學位。 華盛頓在黑人政治中扮演了一個非常突出的角色。1895年，華盛頓发表了著名的亞特蘭大演说，这使他闻名全国，受到政界和公众的关注，成为美国黑人的代言人。他和白人合作，帮助筹款创建数百个社区学校和高等教育机构，以提高美国南方黑人的教育水平。 除了在教育領域贡献卓著之外， 華盛頓博士还大力促进美国各种族之间的整體友誼和工作關係。他的自傳《超越奴役》（Up From Slavery）於1901年首度出版，至今仍然广为流传。 (zh) Букер Тальяферро Ва́шингтон (англ. Booker Taliaferro Washington; 5 апреля 1856, Виргиния — 14 ноября 1915, Таскиги, Алабама) — американский просветитель и борец за просвещение афроамериканцев, оратор, политик, писатель. (ru) Букер Таліафер (або Тальяферро) Вашингтон (англ. Booker Taliaferro Washington; 5 квітня 1856, Вірджинія — 14 листопада 1915, Таскігі, Алабама) — один з найвидатніших просвітителів та борців за освіту афроамериканців, оратор, політик, письменник. (uk) |
| dbo:birthDate | 1856-04-05 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:birthName | Booker Taliaferro Washington (en) |
| dbo:birthPlace | dbr:Hale's_Ford,_Virginia |
| dbo:birthYear | 1856-01-01 (xsd:gYear) |
| dbo:deathDate | 1915-11-14 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:deathPlace | dbr:Tuskegee,_Alabama |
| dbo:deathYear | 1915-01-01 (xsd:gYear) |
| dbo:occupation | dbr:Booker_T._Washington__PersonFunction__1 dbr:African-American_civil_rights |
| dbo:party | dbr:Republican_Party_(United_States) |
| dbo:soundRecording | dbr:Booker_T._Washington__Sound__1 |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Booker_T_Washington_retouched_flattened-crop.jpg?width=300 |
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| dbp:birthName | Booker Taliaferro Washington (en) |
| dbp:birthPlace | (en) Hale's Ford, Virginia, U.S. (en) |
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| dbp:date | January 2013 (en) |
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| dbp:description | The opening of Booker T. Washington's "Atlanta compromise" speech to the Atlanta Cotton States and International Exposition, recorded in 1908 (en) |
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| dbp:title | "The Atlanta Compromise" (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Booker Taliaferro Washington (5. dubna 1856 – 14. listopadu 1915) byl americký politik, pedagog a spisovatel, mezi roky 1890 a 1915 nejvýznamnější vůdce černochů v USA. Zastával umírněnou politiku, snažil se zamezit konfrontaci s bělošskou většinou a usiloval o dlouhodobé povznesení amerických černochů podporou jejich vzdělání a podnikání. (cs) Booker Taliaferro Washington (* 5. April 1856 auf der Burroughs Farm, , Franklin County, Virginia; † 14. November 1915 in Tuskegee, Alabama) war ein US-amerikanischer Pädagoge, Sozialreformer und Bürgerrechtler. (de) Booker Taliaferro Washington, né le 5 avril 1856 dans une petite plantation de tabac, nommée Hale's Ford, dans le comté de Franklin en Virginie, mort le 14 novembre 1915 à Tuskegee dans l’Alabama, est enseignant, écrivain américain et un défenseur des droits des Afro-Américains. Il est le cofondateur et premier président du Tuskegee Institute, devenu la Tuskegee University. (fr) ブッカー・トリヴァー・ワシントン (英: Booker Taliaferro Washington [ˈtɒlɪvər], 1856年4月5日 - 1915年11月15日）は、アメリカ合衆国の教育者、作家。 ワシントンはバージニア州フランクリン郡のヘイルズ・フォードで生まれた。彼は母親と共に奴隷制から解放された後、バージニア東部のハンプトンに設立される教員養成学校で学ぶためウェストバージニア州から東へ向かった。 後年彼は著名な教育者となり、19世紀後半から20世紀前半にかけてアメリカ合衆国におけるアフリカ系アメリカ人の間で人気のあるスポークスマンとして活動した。彼は「調停者 accommodator」の愛称で呼ばれた。白人と協力し、裕福な慈善家からの支援を得た彼の仕事は、多数の小さな地域の学校と、南部の至る所で黒人のための高等教育機関を設立、運営することを支援した。 (ja) 부커 T. 워싱턴(Booker T. Washington, 1856년 4월 5일 ~ 1915년 11월 14일)은 1890년부터 죽을 때까지 미국의 교육자이자 연설가, 흑인 사회의 대표적인 리더로서 활동을 했다. 에서 의 발자취를 남긴 작가인 심훈이 1935년에 쓴 《상록수》에 나올 정도로 한국의 농민운동에도 영향을 준 활동가이다. (ko) Booker Taliaferro Washington (ur. 5 kwietnia 1856 w Hale's Ford w Hrabstwie Franklin, zm. 14 listopada 1915 w Tuskegee) – amerykański działacz oświatowy i polityczny, pisarz oraz nauczyciel. (pl) Booker Taliaferro Washington (5 de abril de 1856, em Hale's Ford no Condado de Franklin, na Virgínia, nos Estados Unidos – 15 de novembro de 1915) foi um educador e líder afro-americano estadunidense. (pt) Booker Taliaferro Washington, född 5 april 1856 i Franklin County, Virginia, död 14 november 1915 i Tuskegee, Alabama, var en amerikansk författare, skolreformator och människorättsaktivist. Han var född som slav och blev känd för sitt arbete mot rasism och slaveri. (sv) 布克·華盛頓（Booker Taliaferro Washington，1856年4月5日－1915年11月14日）是美國政治家、教育家和作家。他是1890年到1915年之间美国黑人历史上的重要人物之一。 華盛頓出生于弗吉尼亚州富蘭克林縣，其父亲是白人奴隶主，母亲是黑奴。他在體力勞動工作學會讀和寫。在十六歲时，他来到弗吉尼亚漢普頓的师范和农业学院（現在的漢普頓大學）接受教师培训。1881年，他被任命为阿拉巴马州塔斯基吉學院的領導。在1896年和1901年，他分别獲哈佛大学和达特茅斯学院授予的名譽文學碩士学位和名譽博士學位。 華盛頓在黑人政治中扮演了一個非常突出的角色。1895年，華盛頓发表了著名的亞特蘭大演说，这使他闻名全国，受到政界和公众的关注，成为美国黑人的代言人。他和白人合作，帮助筹款创建数百个社区学校和高等教育机构，以提高美国南方黑人的教育水平。 除了在教育領域贡献卓著之外， 華盛頓博士还大力促进美国各种族之间的整體友誼和工作關係。他的自傳《超越奴役》（Up From Slavery）於1901年首度出版，至今仍然广为流传。 (zh) Букер Тальяферро Ва́шингтон (англ. Booker Taliaferro Washington; 5 апреля 1856, Виргиния — 14 ноября 1915, Таскиги, Алабама) — американский просветитель и борец за просвещение афроамериканцев, оратор, политик, писатель. (ru) Букер Таліафер (або Тальяферро) Вашингтон (англ. Booker Taliaferro Washington; 5 квітня 1856, Вірджинія — 14 листопада 1915, Таскігі, Алабама) — один з найвидатніших просвітителів та борців за освіту афроамериканців, оратор, політик, письменник. (uk) بوكر تي واشنطن (بالإنجليزية: Booker T. Washington) ولد عبدا في مزرعة ب مقاطعة فرانكلين (فيرجينيا) في 5 أبريل 1856 وتوفي بمدينة توسكيجي في 14 نوفمبر 1915 هو كاتب ومدافع عن حقوق الأميركيين السود. رتفع ليصبح واحد من أكثر المفكرين تأثيرا في أواخر القرن ال19. في عام 1881، أسس ، مدرسة للامريكان من اصول أفريقية في ألاباما المكرسة لتدريب المعلمين. وعمل أيضا وراء تشكيل للمجلس الوطنى لدوري الزنجي، وشغل منصب مستشار الرئيس ثيودور روزفلت وويليام هوارد تافت. (ar) Booker Taliaferro Washington (1856 – 1915) va ser un polític afroamericà estatunidenc. Washington va ser de la darrera generació de líders afroamericans nascuts esclaus. Va estar en contra de les lleis discriminatòries contra els negres sorgides després de l'abolició de l'esclavisme. (ca) Booker Taliaferro Washington (naskiĝis la 5-an de aprilo 1856, mortis la 14-an de novembro 1915) estis afrik-usona edukisto, aŭtoro, oratoro kaj konsilisto de pluraj prezidentoj de Usono. Inter 1890 kaj 1915, Washington estis hegemonia estro de la afrik-usona komunumo. (eo) Booker Taliaferro Washington (April 5, 1856 – November 14, 1915) was an American educator, author, orator, and adviser to several presidents of the United States. Between 1890 and 1915, Washington was the dominant leader in the African-American community and of the contemporary black elite. Washington was from the last generation of black American leaders born into slavery and became the leading voice of the former slaves and their descendants. They were newly oppressed in the South by disenfranchisement and the Jim Crow discriminatory laws enacted in the post-Reconstruction Southern states in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. (en) Booker Taliaferro Washington (Hale's Ford, 5 de abril de 1856 - Tuskegee, 14 de noviembre de 1915) fue un educador, orador y líder de la comunidad negra estadounidense. Fue liberado de la esclavitud en su infancia, y tras desempeñar varios trabajos de poca relevancia en Virginia Occidental se procuró una educación en el Instituto Hampton (Hampton Institute) y en el Seminario Wayland (Wayland Seminary). En 1881, con la recomendación de Samuel C. Sam Armstrong ―fundador del Instituto Hampton― fue designado como el primer líder del reciente Instituto Tuskegee de Alabama, que, por entonces, era una universidad de formación del profesorado para negros. (es) Booker T. Washington adalah tokoh pendidikan (edukator) yang membuka kesempatan bagi ribuan masyarakat Afrika-Amerika untuk mendapatkan pendidikan dan mempelajari industri serta kerajinan tangan. Dia dilahirkan di , Virginia pada 5 April 1856. Masa kecilnya dihabiskan di kota kecil , dengan bekerja pada pertambangan dan bersekolah di suatu sekolah yang hanya memiliki satu ruangan. Pada tahun 1872, dia melanjutkan pendidikannya di , yang didirikan oleh . Setelah lulus, dia mengajar di dan hingga pada 1881, Armstrong merekomendasikan Washington untuk menjadi kepala , sekolah baru di Macon, Alabama. Selama 34 tahun kepemimpinannya, Institut Tuskegee telah menjadi nasional yang terkemuka untuk warga kulit hitam. Saat dia meninggal pada tahun 1915, Institut Tuskegee telah memiliki 1.537 mur (in) Booker Taliaferro Washington è stato un educatore, scrittore e oratore statunitense, punto di riferimento per la comunità afroamericana dell'epoca. Affrancato dalla schiavitù quando era ancora un bambino, dopo aver svolto diversi umili lavori nella Virginia Occidentale riuscì a riscattarsi grazie alla buona istruzione conseguita presso la e il . Su raccomandazione del fondatore della Hampton , ancora in giovane età diventò il primo direttore del nuovo Tuskegee Institute, che allora era una scuola per diventare insegnanti riservata agli afroamericani. (it) Booker Taliaferro Washington ( (Franklin County, Virginia) 5 april 1856 – Tuskegee (Alabama) 14 november 1915) was een Afro-Amerikaanse pedagoog, schrijver en voorvechter van betere rechten voor zwarte Amerikanen rond de eeuwwisseling. In 1901 werd Washington door president Theodore Roosevelt in het Witte Huis uitgenodigd voor een diner. Dit diner lokte verontwaardiging uit in de zuidelijke staten. (nl) |
| rdfs:label | Booker T. Washington (en) بوكر تي واشنطن (ar) Booker T. Washington (ca) Booker T. Washington (cs) Booker T. Washington (de) Booker T. Washington (eo) Booker T. Washington (es) Booker T. Washington (in) Booker T. Washington (fr) Booker T. Washington (it) 부커 T. 워싱턴 (ko) ブッカー・T・ワシントン (ja) Booker T. Washington (nl) Booker Washington (pl) Booker T. Washington (pt) Вашингтон, Букер Тальяферро (ru) Booker T. Washington (sv) 布克·華盛頓 (zh) Букер Вашингтон (uk) |
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