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Brooke Hart (June 11, 1911 – November 9, 1933) was the eldest son of Alexander Hart, the owner of the L. Hart & Son department store in downtown San Jose, California, United States. His kidnapping and murder were heavily publicized, and the subsequent lynching of his alleged murderers, Thomas Harold Thurmond and John M. Holmes, sparked widespread political debate. The lynchings were carried out by a mob of San Jose citizens in St. James Park across from the Santa Clara County Jail, and were broadcast as a "live" event by a Los Angeles radio station. The killings of the suspects were tacitly endorsed by Governor James Rolph Jr., who said he would pardon anyone convicted of the lynching. Scores of reporters, photographers, and newsreel camera operators, along with an estimated 3,000 to 10,000 men, women, and children, were witness to it. When newspapers published photos, identifiable faces were deliberately smudged so that they remained anonymous; the following Monday, local newspapers published 1.2 million copies, twice the normal daily production. This incident is sometimes referred to as "the last lynching in California", although Clyde Johnson was lynched near Yreka in August 1935, and the last true California lynching is said to have occurred on January 6, 1947, in Callahan, but the name of the victim has never been released and the event cannot be confirmed in any printed news publications. (en) |
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http://aliveeastbay.com/archives/the-hart-kidnapping-and-midnight-lynching/ https://www.sfweekly.com/news/yesterdays-crimes-news/yesterdays-crimes-murder-on-the-san-mateo-bridge/ https://www.sfweekly.com/news/yesterdays-crimes-news/yesterdays-crimes-the-state-sanctioned-lynch-mob/ http://www.crimelibrary.com/notorious_murders/classics/brooke_hart/%7Ctitle=CourtTV http://www.gilroydispatch.com/lifestyles/columnists/martin_cheek/journalist-s-death-shows-vigilantism-destroys-intent-of-true-justice/article_f3ca310a-75ff-5acb-90e6-3276dabb39bc.html http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,746348,00.html https://archive.org/details/juryriggingincou00john https://archive.org/details/murderbybay00char/page/199 https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=8TFYPA-u4QkC https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=Lfw1vdIQ51oC&pg=PA199 https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=SoEEAQAAIAAJ https://web.archive.org/web/20041009195211/http:/foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/brookelhart.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20050212142935/http:/www.crimelibrary.com/notorious_murders/classics/brooke_hart/%7Carchive-date=February https://web.archive.org/web/20161130172914/http:/www.gilroydispatch.com/lifestyles/columnists/martin_cheek/journalist-s-death-shows-vigilantism-destroys-intent-of-true-justice/article_f3ca310a-75ff-5acb-90e6-3276dabb39bc.html http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/brookelhart.htm http://www.metroactive.com/metro/10.03.07/cover-0740.html |
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Once again I was choked and thrown on the floor. (en) When I told them I didn't know, the said: (en) "You're a liar, Moore. You brought him from San Francisco and we know it." (en) Let the sheriff handle the matter. He can appoint as many deputies as he wants; he has the power. I am not going to call the guard to protect the kidnapers who wilfully killed a fine boy like that. Let the law take its course. (en) "Spare me, spare me; don't take me out, don't deliver me to that crazy mob," Holmes pleaded. (en) Like a human fly, he had crawled up the walls, bracing himself against the sides with his feet and hands, to a height of 15 feet. It is an oddly-built closet and extends up to the roof. When they sighted him in the light of the matches, the most terrible blood-curdling cries of fiendish delight I have ever heard rang through the jail. (en) Fists crashed against his face. He went down on the floor, still crying for mercy. Then he was kicked and then they spat on him. His head was knocked against the floor. Dragging him on the end of the rope, they pulled him head first downstairs. Then these 50 leaders came up again to me and asked me if that was Holmes they had taken out. (en) They opened Holmes' cell first on the second floor. And then they brought in a length of rope. There must have been 50 men who entered his cell. I stood outside. (en) Then the mob pushed upstairs and entered Thurmond's cell but they could not find him. They came back and demanded matches. With the aid of the matches and a candle they searched the cell. In a small closet, adjoining the cell but still a part of it, they found Thurmond. (en) "Are you Holmes?" the man with the mask shouted at the prisoner cringing in the corner. "No, I'm not Holmes," he replied. (en) "You're a damned liar, I know you," the masked lyncher cried and many hands drew the rope around Holmes' neck. He cried for mercy. (en) |
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Night Without Justice – short – San Jose Lynching (en) Valley of the Heart's Delight – trailer (en) Kidnapers Lynched by Enraged Crowd After Jail Battle – San Jose, 1933 (en) |
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Brooke Hart (June 11, 1911 – November 9, 1933) was the eldest son of Alexander Hart, the owner of the L. Hart & Son department store in downtown San Jose, California, United States. His kidnapping and murder were heavily publicized, and the subsequent lynching of his alleged murderers, Thomas Harold Thurmond and John M. Holmes, sparked widespread political debate. (en) |
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