Bushveld Igneous Complex (original) (raw)
El complex igni de Bushveld (BIC, Bushveld Igneous Complex) és una estructura geològica situada a Sud-àfrica formada fa 2.000 milions d'anys (Ma), que posseeix diferents nivells, dels quals tres són explotats per l'extracció de metalls del grup del platí. L'estructura es correspon amb una composta d'anortosita, gabre, norita, peridotita i piroxenita amb unes dimensions de 450 x 350 km i un gruix de 9 km. En aquest es troben les majors reserves mundials de platí (Pt), crom (Cr) i vanadi (V).
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| dbo:abstract | El complex igni de Bushveld (BIC, Bushveld Igneous Complex) és una estructura geològica situada a Sud-àfrica formada fa 2.000 milions d'anys (Ma), que posseeix diferents nivells, dels quals tres són explotats per l'extracció de metalls del grup del platí. L'estructura es correspon amb una composta d'anortosita, gabre, norita, peridotita i piroxenita amb unes dimensions de 450 x 350 km i un gruix de 9 km. En aquest es troben les majors reserves mundials de platí (Pt), crom (Cr) i vanadi (V). (ca) Der Bushveld-Komplex in Südafrika ist einer der größten Intrusivkomplexe basischer Schmelzen der Erde und zeichnet sich durch seine magmatischen Schichten (englisch Layered Intrusions) aus. Die Konzentration von Platingruppenelementen-Lagerstätten hat geopolitische Bedeutung. (de) Το Σύμπλεγμα Μπούσβελντ (Bushveld Complex) είναι μια εξαιρετικά μεγάλη μαγματική διείσδυση σε στρώματα, ηλικίας 2 δισεκ. ετών, αποτελώντας ένα από τα πλέον σημαντικά κοιτάσματα μετάλλων στον κόσμο. Έχει σχήμα δίσκου και βρίσκεται στο βόρειο τμήμα της Νότιας Αφρικής. Το κοίτασμα ανακαλύφθηκε από τους (Hans Merensky) και Άντρις Λομπάρντ το 1924. Στο σύμπλεγμα αυτό υπάρχουν τρεις μεταλλοφόροι ορίζοντες, που ονομάζονται "Ύφαλος Μερένσκι" (Merensky Reef), "Χρωμιτίτης UG2" (UG2 Chromitite) και "Platreef". Από αυτούς εξορύσσονται μέταλλα της ομάδας του λευκοχρύσου σε τέτοιες ποσότητες που το κάνουν το μεγαλύτερο κοίτασμα γι' αυτά τα μέταλλα παγκοσμίως. Ο λευκόχρυσος και το παλλάδιο που εξορύσσονται από το Σύμπλεγμα αντιπροσωπεύουν το 72% και το 34% της ετήσιας παγκόσμιας παραγωγής. (el) The Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC) is the largest layered igneous intrusion within the Earth's crust. It has been tilted and eroded forming the outcrops around what appears to be the edge of a great geological basin: the Transvaal Basin. It is approximately 2 billion years old and is divided into four different limbs: the northern, southern, eastern, and western limbs. The Bushveld Complex comprises the Rustenburg Layered suite, the Lebowa Granites and the Rooiberg Felsics, that are overlain by the Karoo sediments. The site was first discovered around 1897 by Gustaaf Molengraaff. Located in South Africa, the BIC contains some of the richest ore deposits on Earth. The complex contains the world's largest reserves of platinum-group metals (PGMs) or platinum group elements (PGEs)—platinum, palladium, osmium, iridium, rhodium, and ruthenium along with vast quantities of iron, tin, chromium, titanium and vanadium. These are used in, but not limited to, jewellery, automobiles and electronics. Gabbro or norite is also quarried from parts of the complex and rendered into dimension stone. There have been more than 20 mine operations. There have been studies of potential uranium deposits. The complex is well known for its chromitite reef deposits, particularly the Merensky reef and the UG-2 reef. It represents about 75 percent of the world's platinum and about 50 percent of the world's palladium resources. In this respect, the Bushveld complex is unique and one of the most economically significant mineral deposit complexes in the world. (en) El complejo ígneo de Bushveld (BIC, Bushveld Igneous Complex) es una estructura geológica situada en Sudáfrica formada hace 2.000 millones de años (Ma), y que posee distintos niveles, de los cuales tres son explotados para la extracción de metales del grupo del platino. La estructura se corresponde con una intrusión estratificada compuesta por anortosita, gabro, norita, peridotita y piroxenita con una dimensiones de 450 x 350 km y un espesor de 9 km. En este se encuentran las mayores reservas mundiales de platino (Pt), cromo (Cr) y vanadio (V). (es) Le complexe igné du Bushveld (CIB), en anglais Bushveld Igneous Complex, est une vaste intrusion magmatique stratifiée de la croûte terrestre. Elle s’est inclinée et a été érodée et, aujourd'hui, elle affleure au bord d'un bassin géologique, le bassin du Transvaal. Située dans le nord de l'Afrique du Sud, la formation contient quelques-uns des plus riches gisements minéraux de la planète quant aux métaux du groupe du platine — platine, palladium, osmium, iridium, rhodium et ruthénium — ainsi que de grandes quantités de fer, étain, chrome, titane et vanadium. Du gabbro et de la norite sont aussi extraits à usage de pierres de taille. Le site a été découvert vers 1897 par Gustaaf Molengraaff. (fr) Бушве́лдский ко́мплекс (африк. Bosveldstollingskompleks) — месторождения платины и хромита, расположенное в бывшей провинции Трансвааль (ЮАР), на территории округов Рюстенбург, (Потгитерсрюст), Ватерберх и Лейденбург. (ru) Бушвельдський комплекс (англ. Bushveld) — найбільший на Землі плутон, складений рудоносними породами. Займає площу 67 тис. км². Розташований в ПАР (провінція Трансвааль). (uk) |
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| rdfs:comment | El complex igni de Bushveld (BIC, Bushveld Igneous Complex) és una estructura geològica situada a Sud-àfrica formada fa 2.000 milions d'anys (Ma), que posseeix diferents nivells, dels quals tres són explotats per l'extracció de metalls del grup del platí. L'estructura es correspon amb una composta d'anortosita, gabre, norita, peridotita i piroxenita amb unes dimensions de 450 x 350 km i un gruix de 9 km. En aquest es troben les majors reserves mundials de platí (Pt), crom (Cr) i vanadi (V). (ca) Der Bushveld-Komplex in Südafrika ist einer der größten Intrusivkomplexe basischer Schmelzen der Erde und zeichnet sich durch seine magmatischen Schichten (englisch Layered Intrusions) aus. Die Konzentration von Platingruppenelementen-Lagerstätten hat geopolitische Bedeutung. (de) Το Σύμπλεγμα Μπούσβελντ (Bushveld Complex) είναι μια εξαιρετικά μεγάλη μαγματική διείσδυση σε στρώματα, ηλικίας 2 δισεκ. ετών, αποτελώντας ένα από τα πλέον σημαντικά κοιτάσματα μετάλλων στον κόσμο. Έχει σχήμα δίσκου και βρίσκεται στο βόρειο τμήμα της Νότιας Αφρικής. Το κοίτασμα ανακαλύφθηκε από τους (Hans Merensky) και Άντρις Λομπάρντ το 1924. Στο σύμπλεγμα αυτό υπάρχουν τρεις μεταλλοφόροι ορίζοντες, που ονομάζονται "Ύφαλος Μερένσκι" (Merensky Reef), "Χρωμιτίτης UG2" (UG2 Chromitite) και "Platreef". Από αυτούς εξορύσσονται μέταλλα της ομάδας του λευκοχρύσου σε τέτοιες ποσότητες που το κάνουν το μεγαλύτερο κοίτασμα γι' αυτά τα μέταλλα παγκοσμίως. Ο λευκόχρυσος και το παλλάδιο που εξορύσσονται από το Σύμπλεγμα αντιπροσωπεύουν το 72% και το 34% της ετήσιας παγκόσμιας παραγωγής. (el) El complejo ígneo de Bushveld (BIC, Bushveld Igneous Complex) es una estructura geológica situada en Sudáfrica formada hace 2.000 millones de años (Ma), y que posee distintos niveles, de los cuales tres son explotados para la extracción de metales del grupo del platino. La estructura se corresponde con una intrusión estratificada compuesta por anortosita, gabro, norita, peridotita y piroxenita con una dimensiones de 450 x 350 km y un espesor de 9 km. En este se encuentran las mayores reservas mundiales de platino (Pt), cromo (Cr) y vanadio (V). (es) Бушве́лдский ко́мплекс (африк. Bosveldstollingskompleks) — месторождения платины и хромита, расположенное в бывшей провинции Трансвааль (ЮАР), на территории округов Рюстенбург, (Потгитерсрюст), Ватерберх и Лейденбург. (ru) Бушвельдський комплекс (англ. Bushveld) — найбільший на Землі плутон, складений рудоносними породами. Займає площу 67 тис. км². Розташований в ПАР (провінція Трансвааль). (uk) The Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC) is the largest layered igneous intrusion within the Earth's crust. It has been tilted and eroded forming the outcrops around what appears to be the edge of a great geological basin: the Transvaal Basin. It is approximately 2 billion years old and is divided into four different limbs: the northern, southern, eastern, and western limbs. The Bushveld Complex comprises the Rustenburg Layered suite, the Lebowa Granites and the Rooiberg Felsics, that are overlain by the Karoo sediments. The site was first discovered around 1897 by Gustaaf Molengraaff. (en) Le complexe igné du Bushveld (CIB), en anglais Bushveld Igneous Complex, est une vaste intrusion magmatique stratifiée de la croûte terrestre. Elle s’est inclinée et a été érodée et, aujourd'hui, elle affleure au bord d'un bassin géologique, le bassin du Transvaal. Située dans le nord de l'Afrique du Sud, la formation contient quelques-uns des plus riches gisements minéraux de la planète quant aux métaux du groupe du platine — platine, palladium, osmium, iridium, rhodium et ruthénium — ainsi que de grandes quantités de fer, étain, chrome, titane et vanadium. (fr) |
| rdfs:label | Complex igni de Bushveld (ca) Bushveld-Komplex (de) Σύμπλεγμα Μπούσβελντ (el) Bushveld Igneous Complex (en) Complejo ígneo de Bushveld (es) Complexe igné du Bushveld (fr) Бушвелдский комплекс (ru) Бушвельдський комплекс (uk) |
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