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Butkara je název stúpy (buddhistická sakrální stavba), která se nacházela v pákistánském Svátu. Dnes jsou její pozůstatky jedním z nejdůležitějších svátských archeologických nalezišť. Je možné, že byla původně postavena maurjovským králem Ašókou, její datace však spadá do doby zhruba o století později. Stúpa byla celkem pětkrát rozšiřována, poslední přestavba proběhla ve 2. století za vlády Kušánů. Butkaru zdobila reliéfní výzdoba buddhistických výjevů, jako jsou obrazy ze života Buddhy, meditující Buddha apod. V oblasti byly nalezeny sloupové Indo-korintské hlavice, typické pro řecko-buddhistické umění. Stúpu od roku 1955 zkoumala italská expedice (IsIOAO: Istuto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente) vedená archeologem Pierfrancesco Callierim. (cs) The Butkara Stupa (Pashto: بت کړه سټوپا) is an important Buddhist stupa near Mingora, in the area of Swat, Pakistan. It may have been built by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka, but it is generally dated slightly later to the 2nd century BCE. The stupa was enlarged on five occasions during the following centuries, every time by building over, and encapsulating, the previous structure. (en) Der Butkara-Stupa (auch Batkara-Stupa) und die ihn umgebende Klosteranlage gehören zu den ältesten Zeugnissen der Anwesenheit des Buddhismus im Swat-Tal im Norden Pakistans. (de) Butkara I è un'area sacra buddhista situata nella valle del fiume Jambil, presso Mingora. L'area sacra è costituita da un recinto irregolare quadrangolare, con un ingresso posto sul lato a sud. L'area è dominata dal Grande Stūpa a pianta circolare, circondato da altri edifici di dimensioni minori (stūpa, vihara, colonne). L'area sacra ha subito diverse trasformazioni, ben rappresentate dalle continue ricostruzioni del Grande Stūpa. (it) |
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https://archive.org/details/OnTheCuspOfAnEraArtInThePreKuaWorldDMSrinivasanEdBrill_201807/page/n459 https://web.archive.org/web/20060507232303/http:/www.isiao.it/DOC/Missione_ArcheologicaItaliana_IsIAOPakistan.pdf |
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Remains of the Butkara Stupa (en) |
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The Butkara Stupa (Pashto: بت کړه سټوپا) is an important Buddhist stupa near Mingora, in the area of Swat, Pakistan. It may have been built by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka, but it is generally dated slightly later to the 2nd century BCE. The stupa was enlarged on five occasions during the following centuries, every time by building over, and encapsulating, the previous structure. (en) Der Butkara-Stupa (auch Batkara-Stupa) und die ihn umgebende Klosteranlage gehören zu den ältesten Zeugnissen der Anwesenheit des Buddhismus im Swat-Tal im Norden Pakistans. (de) Butkara I è un'area sacra buddhista situata nella valle del fiume Jambil, presso Mingora. L'area sacra è costituita da un recinto irregolare quadrangolare, con un ingresso posto sul lato a sud. L'area è dominata dal Grande Stūpa a pianta circolare, circondato da altri edifici di dimensioni minori (stūpa, vihara, colonne). L'area sacra ha subito diverse trasformazioni, ben rappresentate dalle continue ricostruzioni del Grande Stūpa. (it) Butkara je název stúpy (buddhistická sakrální stavba), která se nacházela v pákistánském Svátu. Dnes jsou její pozůstatky jedním z nejdůležitějších svátských archeologických nalezišť. Je možné, že byla původně postavena maurjovským králem Ašókou, její datace však spadá do doby zhruba o století později. Stúpa byla celkem pětkrát rozšiřována, poslední přestavba proběhla ve 2. století za vlády Kušánů. (cs) |
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