Censorship in Venezuela (original) (raw)
La censura en Venezuela se refiere a todas las acciones que se pueden considerar como la supresión de la libertad de expresión en el país. La ONG Reporteros Sin Fronteras, en su informe anual de 2017, ubica al país en el puesto 137 de 180 países evaluados respecto al grado de libertad de prensa existente, afirmando que desde 2010 se realizan detenciones abusivas y juicios por difamación a periodistas.
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| dbo:abstract | تشير الرقابة في فنزويلا إلى جميع الأفعال التي تعتبر قمعًا لحرية التعبير في الدولة. أدرجت منظمة مراسلون بلا حدود فنزويلا في المرتبة 137 من أصل 180 دولة في مؤشرها العالمي لحرية الصحافة لعام 2015 وصنفت حرية الإعلام في فنزويلا بمستوى «الحالة العسيرة». ينص دستور فنزويلا على حماية حرية التعبير وحرية الصحافة. وتنص المادة 57 على أن «الجميع يمتلكون الحق في التعبير بحرية عن أفكارهم أو آرائهم شفهيًا أو كتابيًا أو بأي شكل من أشكال التعبير، واستخدام أي وسائل التواصل والترويج لتحقيق تلك الغايات، ويجب عدم وضع أي رقابة.» وينص أيضًا على أن «الرقابة تحد من إمكانية المسؤولين الحكوميين بالإبلاغ عن الأمور المحظورة التي يضطلعون بمسؤوليتها.» وفقًا للمادة 58، «يمتلك الجميع الحق بالحصول على معلومات صادقة ونزيهة في الوقت المناسب، دون رقابة...» ذكرت منظمة هيومن رايتس ووتش أنه خلال «فترة زعامة الرئيس السابق تشافيز والرئيس الحالي مادورو، مكّن تراكم القوة في السلطة التنفيذية وتلاشي ضمانات حقوق الإنسان الحكومة من ترهيب منتقديها وفرض الرقابة عليهم ومحاكمتهم» وأبلغت عن إمكانية فرض رقابة على المحطات الإذاعية في حال انتقادها للحكومة. ذكرت منظمة مراسلون بلا حدود أن وسائل الإعلام في فنزويلا «تسيطر عليها الحكومة بشكل كامل وعلى تصريحاتها الإلزامية، وتُدعى السلاسل». في عام 1998، مثّل التلفاز المستقل نسبة 88% من 24 قناة تلفاز وطنية بينما سيطرت الحكومة الفنزويلية على نسبة الـ12% الأخرى. بحلول عام 2014، كان هناك 105 قنوات تلفازية وطنية تضم 46%، أو 48 قناة تمثل وسائل الإعلام المستقلة بينما تبلغ نسبة «القنوات المجتمعية» التي تمولها الحكومة الفنزويلية 54%، أو 57 من القنوات المتبقية. صرحت منظمة فريدم هاوس أيضًا بوجود تحفيز لوسائل الإعلام الخاصة المتبقية «بالرقابة الذاتية المنتظمة» الناجمة عن الضغط الذي تمارسه الحكومة الفنزويلية. وفقًا للاتحاد الوطني لعمال الصحافة في فنزويلا، أُوقف 115 منفذًا إعلاميًا عن العمل بين عامي 2013 و2018 خلال حكومة نيكولاس مادورو. ومن ضمنها 41 من الوسائل المطبوعة و65 منفذًا إذاعيًا و9 قنوات تلفازية. وجد معهد الصحافة والمجتمع في فنزويلا على الأقل 350 قضية من انتهاكات حرية التعبير خلال السبع أشهر الأولى من عام 2019. (ar) Censorship in Venezuela refers to all actions which can be considered as suppression in speech in the country. Reporters Without Borders ranked Venezuela 137th out of 180 countries in its World Press Freedom Index 2015 and classified Venezuela's freedom of information in the "difficult situation" level. The Constitution of Venezuela says that freedom of expression and press freedom are protected. Article 57 states that "Everyone has the right to freely express his or her thoughts, ideas or opinions orally, in writing or by any other form of expression, and to use for such purpose any means of communication and diffusion, and no censorship shall be established." It also states that "Censorship restricting the ability of public officials to report on matters for which they are responsible is prohibited." According to Article 58, "Everyone has the right to timely, truthful and impartial information, without censorship..." Human Rights Watch said that during "the leadership of President Chávez and now Mr. Maduro, the accumulation of power in the executive branch and the erosion of human rights guarantees have enabled the government to intimidate, censor, and prosecute its critics" and reported that broadcasters may be censored if they criticize the government. Reporters Without Borders said that the media in Venezuela is "almost entirely dominated by the government and its obligatory announcements, called cadenas". In 1998, independent television represented 88% of the 24 national television channels while the other 12% of channels were controlled by the Venezuelan government. By 2014, there were 105 national television channels with only 48 channels, or 46%, representing independent media while the Venezuelan government and the "communitarian channels" it funded accounted for 54% of channels, or the 57 remaining channels. Freedom House has also stated that there is "systematic self-censorship" encouraged toward the remaining private media due to pressure by the Venezuelan government. According to the National Union of Press Workers of Venezuela, 115 media outlets have been shut down between 2013 and 2018 during Nicolás Maduro's government, including 41 printed means, 65 radio outlets and 9 television channels. The Press and Society Institute of Venezuela found at least 350 cases of violations of freedom of expression during the first seven months of 2019. In 2022, pro-government deputy admitted that the government blocked digital outlets. (en) La censura en Venezuela se refiere a todas las acciones que se pueden considerar como la supresión de la libertad de expresión en el país. La ONG Reporteros Sin Fronteras, en su informe anual de 2017, ubica al país en el puesto 137 de 180 países evaluados respecto al grado de libertad de prensa existente, afirmando que desde 2010 se realizan detenciones abusivas y juicios por difamación a periodistas. (es) A Censura na Venezuela refere-se a todas as ações que podem ser consideradas como supressão da liberdade de expressão no país. A organização Repórteres sem Fronteiras coloca a Venezuela na 116ª posição numa lista de 180 países no seu Índice de Liberdade de Imprensa 2014 e classificou a liberdade de informação na Venezuela no nível de "situação difícil". A Constituição da Venezuela diz que a liberdade de expressão e a liberdade de imprensa são protegidas. Além disso, o declara que "Todos tem o direito de expressar livremente seus pensamentos, ideias e opiniões, tanto oralmente, por escrito ou por qualquer outra forma de expressão, e de usar para tal propósito quaisquer meios de comunicação e difusão, e nenhuma censura deve ser estabelecida". Também afirma que "a censura restringindo a capacidade de funcionários públicos relatar assuntos nos quais são responsáveis é proibida". Segundo o , "Todos tem o direito à informação verdadeira e imparcial, no tempo correto, sem censura...". A organização Human Rights Watch disse que "durante a liderança do Presidente Chávez e agora do Presidente Maduro, a acumulação de poder no Poder Executivo e a erosão das garantias dos direitos humanos permitiram ao governo intimidar, censurar, e processar os seus críticos" e relatou que redes difusoras de rádio e TV podem sofrer censura se criticarem o governo. A organização Freedom House, em seu Relatório Anual de 2013, classifica a Venezuela na 2ª pior posição das Américas em relação à liberdade de expressão, logo após Cuba, ambos na categoria de países "não livres". O país declinou mais 2 pontos em relação a 2012, em função da aquisição de veículos de mídia por empresas ligadas ao governo, especialmente o canal de oposição Globovisión, o que levou diversas vozes independentes e de oposição a deixar o canal, pela falta de independência editorial. A Repórter sem Fronteiras disse ainda que a mídia na Venezuela é "quase totalmente dominada pelo governo e seus anúncios obrigatórios, chamados cadenas (cadeia nacional). Segundo o governo venezuelano, 70% da mídia venezuelana é privada, 5% pertence ao governo e 25% é mídia comunitária. (pt) |
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| dbp:quote | In a country where all government branches act in compliance with the interests of the ruling party, ensuring a hegemonic media landscape, the Venezuelan people widely use the internet to participate in forums that allow independent expression, particularly social networks. As a result of the government's ongoing siege against private media—which includes the takeover of newspapers by progovernment owners—traditional media outlets have ventured into the digital arena. Due to the comparatively low barriers to entry, new businesses have appeared in this environment as well. It is in this atmosphere that Twitter, Facebook, YouTube and similar platforms have become the final refuge for independent voices and freedom of expression. (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | La censura en Venezuela se refiere a todas las acciones que se pueden considerar como la supresión de la libertad de expresión en el país. La ONG Reporteros Sin Fronteras, en su informe anual de 2017, ubica al país en el puesto 137 de 180 países evaluados respecto al grado de libertad de prensa existente, afirmando que desde 2010 se realizan detenciones abusivas y juicios por difamación a periodistas. (es) تشير الرقابة في فنزويلا إلى جميع الأفعال التي تعتبر قمعًا لحرية التعبير في الدولة. أدرجت منظمة مراسلون بلا حدود فنزويلا في المرتبة 137 من أصل 180 دولة في مؤشرها العالمي لحرية الصحافة لعام 2015 وصنفت حرية الإعلام في فنزويلا بمستوى «الحالة العسيرة». ذكرت منظمة هيومن رايتس ووتش أنه خلال «فترة زعامة الرئيس السابق تشافيز والرئيس الحالي مادورو، مكّن تراكم القوة في السلطة التنفيذية وتلاشي ضمانات حقوق الإنسان الحكومة من ترهيب منتقديها وفرض الرقابة عليهم ومحاكمتهم» وأبلغت عن إمكانية فرض رقابة على المحطات الإذاعية في حال انتقادها للحكومة. (ar) Censorship in Venezuela refers to all actions which can be considered as suppression in speech in the country. Reporters Without Borders ranked Venezuela 137th out of 180 countries in its World Press Freedom Index 2015 and classified Venezuela's freedom of information in the "difficult situation" level. Reporters Without Borders said that the media in Venezuela is "almost entirely dominated by the government and its obligatory announcements, called cadenas". In 2022, pro-government deputy admitted that the government blocked digital outlets. (en) A Censura na Venezuela refere-se a todas as ações que podem ser consideradas como supressão da liberdade de expressão no país. A organização Repórteres sem Fronteiras coloca a Venezuela na 116ª posição numa lista de 180 países no seu Índice de Liberdade de Imprensa 2014 e classificou a liberdade de informação na Venezuela no nível de "situação difícil". A Repórter sem Fronteiras disse ainda que a mídia na Venezuela é "quase totalmente dominada pelo governo e seus anúncios obrigatórios, chamados cadenas (cadeia nacional). (pt) |
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