Chicago Pile-1 (original) (raw)
Chicago Pile-1 (CP-1) byl první člověkem postavený jaderný reaktor na světě, který byl součástí projektu Manhattan. Postaven byl v prostoru kurtu pod stavbou tribun fotbalového stadionu Chicagské univerzity. Stavby se účastnil neproškolený personál. Velkou část manuální a transportní činnosti provedli v rámci kondičního tréninku hráči místního univerzitního fotbalového týmu. I přesto byl experiment silně utajován a označen jako „milíř“ (pile). Nesměl být přítomen ani fotograf, proto je průběh experimentu zaznamenán pouze na kresbách. Celý experiment proběhl pod dozorem fyzika Enrica Fermiho. Fermi popsal reaktor jako „hrubý milíř z černých cihel a dřevěných trámů“. Náklady na výstavbu činily 2,7 milionu USD (dnes asi 40 milionů USD).
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| dbo:abstract | Chicago Pile-1 (CP-1) byl první člověkem postavený jaderný reaktor na světě, který byl součástí projektu Manhattan. Postaven byl v prostoru kurtu pod stavbou tribun fotbalového stadionu Chicagské univerzity. Stavby se účastnil neproškolený personál. Velkou část manuální a transportní činnosti provedli v rámci kondičního tréninku hráči místního univerzitního fotbalového týmu. I přesto byl experiment silně utajován a označen jako „milíř“ (pile). Nesměl být přítomen ani fotograf, proto je průběh experimentu zaznamenán pouze na kresbách. Celý experiment proběhl pod dozorem fyzika Enrica Fermiho. Fermi popsal reaktor jako „hrubý milíř z černých cihel a dřevěných trámů“. Náklady na výstavbu činily 2,7 milionu USD (dnes asi 40 milionů USD). (cs) 'شيكاغو بايل-1 (1-CP') كان أول مفاعل نووي اصطناعي في العالم. كان تشييد CP-1 جزءا من مشروع مانهاتن، وتم تنفيذه من قبل في جامعة شيكاغو. تم بناؤه في غربى . ويعد أول قائما بذاته من صنع الإنسان وشرع في تنفيذ CP-1 في 2 كانون الأول من عام 1942، تحت إشراف إنريكو فيرمي. وصف فيرمي الجهاز بأنه «كومة من الطوب الخام الأسود والكتل الخشبية.» وهي مصنوعة من كمية كبيرة من الجرافيت واليورانيوم، مع «قضبان التحكم» من الكادميوم والإنديوم، والفضة، وخلافا لمعظم المفاعلات اللاحقة، أنه ليس لديه درع للإشعاع أو نظام للتبريد. هذا الموقع هو الآن ويعرف . (ar) Chicago Pile bezeichnet eine Reihe von Versuchsreaktoren. Die ersten drei dieser Reaktoren waren Teil des Manhattan-Projekts, dessen Ziel der Bau von Atombomben war. (de) Chicago Pile-1 (CP-1) was the world's first artificial nuclear reactor. On 2 December 1942, the first human-made self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction was initiated in CP-1, during an experiment led by Enrico Fermi. The secret development of the reactor was the first major technical achievement for the Manhattan Project, the Allied effort to create atomic bombs during World War II. Developed by the Metallurgical Laboratory at the University of Chicago, CP-1 was built under the west viewing stands of the original Stagg Field. Although the project's civilian and military leaders had misgivings about the possibility of a disastrous runaway reaction, they trusted Fermi's safety calculations and decided they could carry out the experiment in a densely populated area. Fermi described the reactor as "a crude pile of black bricks and wooden timbers". The reactor was assembled in November 1942, by a team that included Fermi, Leo Szilard (who had previously formulated an idea for non-fission chain reaction), Leona Woods, Herbert L. Anderson, Walter Zinn, Martin D. Whitaker, and George Weil. The reactor used natural uranium. This required a very large amount of material in order to reach criticality, along with graphite used as a neutron moderator. The reactor contained 45,000 ultra-pure graphite blocks weighing 360 short tons (330 tonnes), and was fueled by 5.4 short tons (4.9 tonnes) of uranium metal and 45 short tons (41 tonnes) of uranium oxide. Unlike most subsequent nuclear reactors, it had no radiation shielding or cooling system as it operated at very low power – about one-half watt. The pursuit for a reactor had been touched off by concern that Nazi Germany had a substantial scientific lead. The success of Chicago Pile-1 provided the first vivid demonstration of the feasibility of the military use of nuclear energy by the Allies, and the reality of the danger that Nazi Germany could succeed in producing nuclear weapons. Previously, estimates of critical masses had been crude calculations, leading to order-of-magnitude uncertainties about the size of a hypothetical bomb. The successful use of graphite as a moderator paved the way for progress in the Allied effort, whereas the German program languished partly because of the belief that scarce and expensive heavy water would have to be used for that purpose. The Germans had failed to account for the importance of boron and cadmium impurities in the graphite samples on which they ran their test of its usability as a moderator, while Leo Szillard and Enrico Fermi had asked suppliers about the most common contaminations of graphite after a first failed test and consequently ensured the next test would be run with one entirely devoid of them. As it turned out, both boron and cadmium were strong neutron poisons. In 1943, CP-1 was moved to Red Gate Woods, and reconfigured to become Chicago Pile-2 (CP-2). There, it was operated for research until 1954, when it was dismantled and buried. The stands at Stagg Field were demolished in August 1957; the site is now a National Historic Landmark and a Chicago Landmark. (en) El Chicago Pile-1 (CP-1) fue el primer reactor nuclear artificial del mundo. Fue construido sobre un campo de racquets, un antiguo juego de raqueta, debajo de las gradas del estadio abandonado Alonzo Stagg Field, en la Universidad de Chicago. La primera reacción nuclear en cadena auto-mantenida se inició en el CP-1 el 2 de diciembre de 1942. El lugar donde se produjo la primera reacción nuclear fue declarado en 1965. El lugar fue nombrado hito de Chicago en 1971 ya que fue el lugar en donde se produjo la primera reacción nuclear. Es uno de los cuatro lugares originales del registro de lugares históricos de Chicago, que se creó el 15 de octubre de 1966. (es) Chicago Pile-1 (CP-1) adalah reaktor nuklir buatan pertama di dunia. Pada tanggal 2 Desember 1942, reaksi berantai nuklir mandiri buatan manusia pertama dimulai di CP-1, selama percobaan yang dipimpin oleh Enrico Fermi. Pengembangan rahasia reaktor tersebut merupakan pencapaian teknis besar pertama untuk Proyek Manhattan, upaya Sekutu untuk membuat bom atom selama Perang Dunia II. Dikembangkan oleh Metallurgical Laboratory di University of Chicago, bangunan ini dibangun di bawah gardu pandang barat Stagg Field yang asli. Meskipun para pemimpin sipil dan militer proyek memiliki keraguan tentang kemungkinan reaksi pelarian yang membawa bencana, mereka memercayai perhitungan keselamatan Fermi dan memutuskan bahwa mereka dapat melakukan eksperimen di daerah padat penduduk. Fermi menggambarkan reaktor itu sebagai "tumpukan batu bata hitam dan kayu kayu mentah". Reaktor dirakit pada bulan November 1942, oleh tim yang terdiri dari Fermi, Leo Szilard (yang sebelumnya telah merumuskan ide untuk reaksi berantai non-fisi), Leona Woods, Herbert L. Anderson, Walter Zinn, Martin D. Whitaker, dan George Yah. Reaktor tersebut menggunakan uranium alam. Ini membutuhkan bahan yang sangat besar untuk mencapai kekritisan, bersama dengan grafit yang digunakan sebagai moderator neutron. Reaktor tersebut berisi 45.000 blok grafit ultra-murni seberat 360 short ton (330 t), dan berbahan bakar 5,4 short ton (4,9 t) uranium.logam dan 45 ton pendek (41 t) uranium oksida. Tidak seperti kebanyakan reaktor nuklir berikutnya, ia tidak memiliki pelindung radiasi atau sistem pendingin karena beroperasi pada daya yang sangat rendah – sekitar setengah watt. Pengejaran untuk reaktor telah dipicu oleh kekhawatiran bahwa Nazi Jerman memiliki keunggulan ilmiah yang substansial. Keberhasilan Chicago Pile-1 memberikan demonstrasi pertama yang jelas tentang kelayakan penggunaan energi nuklir oleh militer dan Sekutu, serta kenyataan bahaya bahwa Nazi Jerman dapat berhasil memproduksi senjata nuklir. Sebelumnya, perkiraan massa kritis adalah perhitungan kasar, yang mengarah pada ketidakpastian urutan besarnya tentang ukuran bom hipotetis. Keberhasilan penggunaan grafit sebagai moderator membuka jalan bagi kemajuan dalam upaya Sekutu, sedangkan program Jerman merana sebagian karena keyakinan bahwa air berat yang langka dan mahal harus digunakan untuk tujuan itu. Pada tahun 1943, CP-1 dipindahkan ke Red Gate Woods, dan dikonfigurasi ulang menjadi Chicago Pile-2 (CP-2). Di sana, reaktor itu dioperasikan untuk penelitian hingga 1954, ketika dibongkar dan dikubur. Stand di Stagg Field dihancurkan pada bulan Agustus 1957; situs ini sekarang menjadi National Historic Landmark dan Chicago Landmark. (in) La Chicago Pile-1 est la première pile atomique au monde — c'est-à-dire le premier réacteur nucléaire artificiel — à réaliser une réaction en chaine auto-entretenue et contrôlée. Cette pile fut conçue à Chicago dans le cadre du Projet Manhattan visant à doter les États-Unis de la bombe atomique durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. (fr) Chicago Pile-1 (CP-1) è stato il primo reattore artificiale a fissione nucleare al mondo. Fu costruito in un campo da racquets situato sotto le tribune ovest dello stadio abbandonato Alonzo Stagg Field dell'Università di Chicago. La prima reazione a catena artificiale, autoalimentata, venne iniziata all'interno del CP-1 il 2 dicembre 1942. (it) 시카고 파일-1(Chicago pile 1)은 인류가 만든 태초의 원자력 반응로로서, 제2차 세계 대전 당시 연합국의 맨해튼 계획의 한 파트로 진행된 사업이다. 시카고 대학의 야금학 연구실 (Stagg Field의 서쪽 관람석 아래)에서 건조 되었다. 1942년 12월 2일 이 CP-1에서 처음으로 인류가 지속가능한 핵 연쇄 반응을 확인하였다. 건설의 책임을 맏은 엔리코 페르미는 CP-1을 가리켜 "나무와 검은 벽돌로 만든 조잡한 더미"로 표현하기도 하였다. 건설은 1942년 11월에 시작되었으며, 팀원은 페르미를 포함하여, Herbert L. Anderson, Walter Zinn, Martin D. Whitaker, 및 George Weil. 등이 있었다. CP-1에서는 감속재로 45,000 개의 흑연 벽돌 (약 400 톤) 핵연료로서 5.4 t의 우라늄 금속과 45t의 산화 우라늄이 쓰였다. 물론 우라늄이기 때문에 자연 방사능이 튀어나게 되었으나, 지금의 원자로처럼 냉각 시설 및 방사선 방호 시스템이 전무하였다. 왜냐하면 1/2 w 수준의 낮은 에너지로 운영 되었기 때문이다. 태초에 원자력 발전이 가능한 것인지, 연쇄 반응이 가능한 것인지를 확인하기 위한 실험이었기 때문에 안전을 생각하지 못하는 것이 당연하였다. 페르미의 원래 계획은 거의 구형태의 파일을 쌓는 것이었으나, 계산을 해보니 처음 계획보다 덜 쌓아도 연쇄 반응이 지속될 것을 확인, 완전히 구형태를 갖추지는 않게 되었다. 1943년 CP-1이 Red Gate Woods로 옮겨졌으며, 나중에 이것을 가리켜 CP-2로 이름 붙이게 된다. CP-2는 1953년까지 운행되었으면, 이후에 해체되었다. 지금은 CP-1 자리는 국가 역사 명소가 되었다. Chemical chain reaction에 과한 내용은 이미 1913년에 Mad Bodenstein이라는 사람에 의해서 이미 제기된 봐 있다. 헝가리의 질라르드의 경우 연쇄 반응을 1933년 9월에 중성자로 확산하였다. 맨 처음 질라르드가 제안한 사항은 막대한 양의 가벼운 방사선 동위원소를 모으는 것이었다. 이후에 오토 한과 스트레제만, 핵분열 현상을 발견, 1938년에 이론적 설명을 통해 우라늄이나 인듐이 연쇄 반응을 일으킬 수 있는 가능성을 제시한다. 페르미가 이 생각을 가지고, 뉴욕의 콜럼비아 대학교에서 1939년 2월에 실험에 착수한다. 빠른 중성자 존재를 확인한다. 질라르드가, 콜롬비아 물리학과장의 승인을 받아서 3개월 동안 zinn과 함께 실험한 결과 중성자 흡수와 방출의 비율이 1이 넘는 것을 확인하였다. (ko) シカゴ・パイル1号（Chicago Pile 1、CP-1）とは、歴史上初めて臨界に達した最初の原子炉の名称である。 CP-1は原子爆弾材料のプルトニウム239生成用原子炉を設計するための実験炉として開発され、後にマンハッタン計画(原子爆弾開発)に組み込まれた。 (ja) «Чикагская поленница-1» (англ. Chicago Pile-1, CP-1) — первый в мире успешно работавший искусственный ядерный реактор. Был построен в 1942 году в Чикагском университете под руководством Энрико Ферми в рамках работ, позднее ставших основой Манхэттенского проекта (формальное осуществление Манхэттенского проекта началось 17 сентября 1943 года), по экспериментальной проверке возможности осуществления управляемой самоподдерживающейся цепной ядерной реакции и подготовки к созданию промышленных реакторов для наработки оружейного плутония. (ru) Chicago Pile-1, CP-1 (pol. "stos chicagowski nr 1") − pierwszy na świecie reaktor jądrowy uruchomiony w 1942 roku przez zespół pod kierownictwem Enrica Fermiego na nieużywanym korcie stadionu uniwersyteckiego Alonzo Stagg Field w Chicago. Prace badawcze były wykonywane w ramach Projektu Manhattan, mającego na celu zbudowanie bomby atomowej. (pl) Chicago Pile-1 (CP-1) foi o primeiro reator nuclear artificial. O CP-1 foi construído em uma sala de jogos com raquetes, sob o estádio de futebol americano abandonado Alonzo Stagg na Universidade de Chicago. A primeira reação nuclear artificial autossustentada foi iniciada em 2 de dezembro de 1942, às 15h25min e terminada 28 minutos depois. O local foi incorporado ao catálogo nacional de locais históricos dos EUA (National Historic Landmark) em 1965. (pt) Chicago Pile-1, även CP-1, var en amerikansk forskningsreaktor för kärnklyvning på University of Chicago. Den 2 december 1942 skapade forskarna den första kontrollerade kedjereaktionen med hjälp av reaktorn. (sv) 芝加哥1号堆（英語：Chicago Pile-1）是人類歷史上第一個核子反應爐，由恩里科·費米、利奥·西拉德等人在美国芝加哥大學建立，于1942年12月2日产生可控的铀裂变链式反应，最初輸出功率為0.5瓦特，人类从此进入原子能时代。 芝加哥1号堆是美国曼哈顿计划的一部分，其成功运转为1945年7月16日美国的第一颗原子弹的成功爆炸（Trinity Test）奠基。 (zh) Чика́зька дрові́тня-1 (англ. Chicago Pile-1, CP-1) — перший у світі штучний ядерний реактор. Побудований 1942 року в Чиказькому університеті під керівництвом Енріко Фермі в рамках робіт, які пізніше стали основою Мангеттенського проєкту (формальне здійснення Мангеттенського проєкту почалось 17 вересня 1943 року), з експериментальної перевірки можливості здійснити керовану самопідтримувану ланцюгову ядерну реакцію і підготовки до створення промислових реакторів для виготовлення збройового плутонію. (uk) |
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| dbp:remarks | The Chicago Pile-1 was the world's first artificial nuclear reactor (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Chicago Pile-1 (CP-1) byl první člověkem postavený jaderný reaktor na světě, který byl součástí projektu Manhattan. Postaven byl v prostoru kurtu pod stavbou tribun fotbalového stadionu Chicagské univerzity. Stavby se účastnil neproškolený personál. Velkou část manuální a transportní činnosti provedli v rámci kondičního tréninku hráči místního univerzitního fotbalového týmu. I přesto byl experiment silně utajován a označen jako „milíř“ (pile). Nesměl být přítomen ani fotograf, proto je průběh experimentu zaznamenán pouze na kresbách. Celý experiment proběhl pod dozorem fyzika Enrica Fermiho. Fermi popsal reaktor jako „hrubý milíř z černých cihel a dřevěných trámů“. Náklady na výstavbu činily 2,7 milionu USD (dnes asi 40 milionů USD). (cs) 'شيكاغو بايل-1 (1-CP') كان أول مفاعل نووي اصطناعي في العالم. كان تشييد CP-1 جزءا من مشروع مانهاتن، وتم تنفيذه من قبل في جامعة شيكاغو. تم بناؤه في غربى . ويعد أول قائما بذاته من صنع الإنسان وشرع في تنفيذ CP-1 في 2 كانون الأول من عام 1942، تحت إشراف إنريكو فيرمي. وصف فيرمي الجهاز بأنه «كومة من الطوب الخام الأسود والكتل الخشبية.» وهي مصنوعة من كمية كبيرة من الجرافيت واليورانيوم، مع «قضبان التحكم» من الكادميوم والإنديوم، والفضة، وخلافا لمعظم المفاعلات اللاحقة، أنه ليس لديه درع للإشعاع أو نظام للتبريد. هذا الموقع هو الآن ويعرف . (ar) Chicago Pile bezeichnet eine Reihe von Versuchsreaktoren. Die ersten drei dieser Reaktoren waren Teil des Manhattan-Projekts, dessen Ziel der Bau von Atombomben war. (de) El Chicago Pile-1 (CP-1) fue el primer reactor nuclear artificial del mundo. Fue construido sobre un campo de racquets, un antiguo juego de raqueta, debajo de las gradas del estadio abandonado Alonzo Stagg Field, en la Universidad de Chicago. La primera reacción nuclear en cadena auto-mantenida se inició en el CP-1 el 2 de diciembre de 1942. El lugar donde se produjo la primera reacción nuclear fue declarado en 1965. El lugar fue nombrado hito de Chicago en 1971 ya que fue el lugar en donde se produjo la primera reacción nuclear. Es uno de los cuatro lugares originales del registro de lugares históricos de Chicago, que se creó el 15 de octubre de 1966. (es) La Chicago Pile-1 est la première pile atomique au monde — c'est-à-dire le premier réacteur nucléaire artificiel — à réaliser une réaction en chaine auto-entretenue et contrôlée. Cette pile fut conçue à Chicago dans le cadre du Projet Manhattan visant à doter les États-Unis de la bombe atomique durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. (fr) Chicago Pile-1 (CP-1) è stato il primo reattore artificiale a fissione nucleare al mondo. Fu costruito in un campo da racquets situato sotto le tribune ovest dello stadio abbandonato Alonzo Stagg Field dell'Università di Chicago. La prima reazione a catena artificiale, autoalimentata, venne iniziata all'interno del CP-1 il 2 dicembre 1942. (it) シカゴ・パイル1号（Chicago Pile 1、CP-1）とは、歴史上初めて臨界に達した最初の原子炉の名称である。 CP-1は原子爆弾材料のプルトニウム239生成用原子炉を設計するための実験炉として開発され、後にマンハッタン計画(原子爆弾開発)に組み込まれた。 (ja) «Чикагская поленница-1» (англ. Chicago Pile-1, CP-1) — первый в мире успешно работавший искусственный ядерный реактор. Был построен в 1942 году в Чикагском университете под руководством Энрико Ферми в рамках работ, позднее ставших основой Манхэттенского проекта (формальное осуществление Манхэттенского проекта началось 17 сентября 1943 года), по экспериментальной проверке возможности осуществления управляемой самоподдерживающейся цепной ядерной реакции и подготовки к созданию промышленных реакторов для наработки оружейного плутония. (ru) Chicago Pile-1, CP-1 (pol. "stos chicagowski nr 1") − pierwszy na świecie reaktor jądrowy uruchomiony w 1942 roku przez zespół pod kierownictwem Enrica Fermiego na nieużywanym korcie stadionu uniwersyteckiego Alonzo Stagg Field w Chicago. Prace badawcze były wykonywane w ramach Projektu Manhattan, mającego na celu zbudowanie bomby atomowej. (pl) Chicago Pile-1 (CP-1) foi o primeiro reator nuclear artificial. O CP-1 foi construído em uma sala de jogos com raquetes, sob o estádio de futebol americano abandonado Alonzo Stagg na Universidade de Chicago. A primeira reação nuclear artificial autossustentada foi iniciada em 2 de dezembro de 1942, às 15h25min e terminada 28 minutos depois. O local foi incorporado ao catálogo nacional de locais históricos dos EUA (National Historic Landmark) em 1965. (pt) Chicago Pile-1, även CP-1, var en amerikansk forskningsreaktor för kärnklyvning på University of Chicago. Den 2 december 1942 skapade forskarna den första kontrollerade kedjereaktionen med hjälp av reaktorn. (sv) 芝加哥1号堆（英語：Chicago Pile-1）是人類歷史上第一個核子反應爐，由恩里科·費米、利奥·西拉德等人在美国芝加哥大學建立，于1942年12月2日产生可控的铀裂变链式反应，最初輸出功率為0.5瓦特，人类从此进入原子能时代。 芝加哥1号堆是美国曼哈顿计划的一部分，其成功运转为1945年7月16日美国的第一颗原子弹的成功爆炸（Trinity Test）奠基。 (zh) Чика́зька дрові́тня-1 (англ. Chicago Pile-1, CP-1) — перший у світі штучний ядерний реактор. Побудований 1942 року в Чиказькому університеті під керівництвом Енріко Фермі в рамках робіт, які пізніше стали основою Мангеттенського проєкту (формальне здійснення Мангеттенського проєкту почалось 17 вересня 1943 року), з експериментальної перевірки можливості здійснити керовану самопідтримувану ланцюгову ядерну реакцію і підготовки до створення промислових реакторів для виготовлення збройового плутонію. (uk) Chicago Pile-1 (CP-1) was the world's first artificial nuclear reactor. On 2 December 1942, the first human-made self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction was initiated in CP-1, during an experiment led by Enrico Fermi. The secret development of the reactor was the first major technical achievement for the Manhattan Project, the Allied effort to create atomic bombs during World War II. Developed by the Metallurgical Laboratory at the University of Chicago, CP-1 was built under the west viewing stands of the original Stagg Field. Although the project's civilian and military leaders had misgivings about the possibility of a disastrous runaway reaction, they trusted Fermi's safety calculations and decided they could carry out the experiment in a densely populated area. Fermi described the reacto (en) Chicago Pile-1 (CP-1) adalah reaktor nuklir buatan pertama di dunia. Pada tanggal 2 Desember 1942, reaksi berantai nuklir mandiri buatan manusia pertama dimulai di CP-1, selama percobaan yang dipimpin oleh Enrico Fermi. Pengembangan rahasia reaktor tersebut merupakan pencapaian teknis besar pertama untuk Proyek Manhattan, upaya Sekutu untuk membuat bom atom selama Perang Dunia II. Dikembangkan oleh Metallurgical Laboratory di University of Chicago, bangunan ini dibangun di bawah gardu pandang barat Stagg Field yang asli. Meskipun para pemimpin sipil dan militer proyek memiliki keraguan tentang kemungkinan reaksi pelarian yang membawa bencana, mereka memercayai perhitungan keselamatan Fermi dan memutuskan bahwa mereka dapat melakukan eksperimen di daerah padat penduduk. Fermi menggambarkan (in) 시카고 파일-1(Chicago pile 1)은 인류가 만든 태초의 원자력 반응로로서, 제2차 세계 대전 당시 연합국의 맨해튼 계획의 한 파트로 진행된 사업이다. 시카고 대학의 야금학 연구실 (Stagg Field의 서쪽 관람석 아래)에서 건조 되었다. 1942년 12월 2일 이 CP-1에서 처음으로 인류가 지속가능한 핵 연쇄 반응을 확인하였다. 건설의 책임을 맏은 엔리코 페르미는 CP-1을 가리켜 "나무와 검은 벽돌로 만든 조잡한 더미"로 표현하기도 하였다. 건설은 1942년 11월에 시작되었으며, 팀원은 페르미를 포함하여, Herbert L. Anderson, Walter Zinn, Martin D. Whitaker, 및 George Weil. 등이 있었다. CP-1에서는 감속재로 45,000 개의 흑연 벽돌 (약 400 톤) 핵연료로서 5.4 t의 우라늄 금속과 45t의 산화 우라늄이 쓰였다. 물론 우라늄이기 때문에 자연 방사능이 튀어나게 되었으나, 지금의 원자로처럼 냉각 시설 및 방사선 방호 시스템이 전무하였다. 왜냐하면 1/2 w 수준의 낮은 에너지로 운영 되었기 때문이다. 태초에 원자력 발전이 가능한 것인지, 연쇄 반응이 가능한 것인지를 확인하기 위한 실험이었기 때문에 안전을 생각하지 못하는 것이 당연하였다. 페르미의 원래 계획은 거의 구형태의 파일을 쌓는 것이었으나, 계산을 해보니 처음 계획보다 덜 쌓아도 연쇄 반응이 지속될 것을 확인, 완전히 구형태를 갖추지는 않게 되었다. 1943년 CP-1이 Red Gate Woods로 옮겨졌으며, 나중에 이것을 가리켜 CP-2로 이름 붙이게 된다. CP-2는 (ko) |
| rdfs:label | Chicago Pile-1 (en) شيكاغو بايل -1 (ar) Chicago Pile-1 (cs) Chicago Pile (de) Chicago Pile-1 (es) Chicago Pile-1 (in) Chicago Pile-1 (fr) Chicago Pile-1 (it) 시카고 파일 1 (ko) シカゴ・パイル1号 (ja) Chicago Pile-1 (pl) Чикагская поленница-1 (ru) Chicago Pile-1 (pt) Chicago Pile-1 (sv) 芝加哥1号堆 (zh) Чиказька дровітня-1 (uk) |
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