Chongqing model (original) (raw)
"Model Chongqing" merujuk kepada serangkaian kebijakan sosial dan ekonomi yang diadopsi di megalopolis Chongqing, Tiongkok. Model tersebut sangat berkaitan dengan Bo Xilai, yang menjabat sebagai sekretaris Partai Komunis kota tersebut dari 2007 sampai 2012, melalui beberapa kebijakan yang diberlakukan oleh para pendahulu Bo.
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| dbo:abstract | The "Chongqing model" refers to a series of social and economic policies adopted in the Chinese megalopolis of Chongqing. It is most closely associated with Bo Xilai, who served as the city's Communist Party secretary from 2007 to 2012, though some policies were put in place by Bo's predecessors. The Chongqing model was characterized in part by increased state control and the promotion of a neo-leftist ideology. It involved a sweeping and sometimes extrajudicial campaign against organized crime, and increased the security and police presence in the city. As a means of addressing declining public morality, Bo launched a "red culture" movement to promote Maoist-era socialist ethics. On the economic front, he actively courted foreign investment and focused on manufacturing for domestic consumption. The Chongqing model was also characterized by massive public works programs, subsidized housing for the poor, and social policies intended to make it easier for rural citizens to move to the city. The Chongqing model represented an alternative model of development which diverged from the policies favored by the reformist faction led by Party general secretary Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao. When Bo Xilai was removed from his posts in the spring of 2012, authorities began a campaign to reverse several of the policies that characterized the Chongqing model, including by cracking down on expressions of "red culture". Individuals, who believed they had been wrongly persecuted under the anti-corruption campaign, also began seeking legal redress. (en) "Model Chongqing" merujuk kepada serangkaian kebijakan sosial dan ekonomi yang diadopsi di megalopolis Chongqing, Tiongkok. Model tersebut sangat berkaitan dengan Bo Xilai, yang menjabat sebagai sekretaris Partai Komunis kota tersebut dari 2007 sampai 2012, melalui beberapa kebijakan yang diberlakukan oleh para pendahulu Bo. (in) 重慶モデル（じゅうけいモデル、英: Chongqing model、簡: 重庆模式、繁: 重慶模式）は、2007年から2012年にかけて中国重慶市の共産党委員会書記を務めた薄熙来により行われた、一連の社会経済政策を指す語。政策のいくつかは薄の前任者によって整えられたが、それらも薄による施策と密接に関連する。 同モデルの特徴としては、国家統制の強化や汚職による組織犯罪の撲滅、都市における安全とインフラの整備、貧しい人々への助成や農村住民の移住環境の整備等による社会政策が挙げられる。 (ja) O modelo de Xunquim refere-se a uma série de políticas sociais e econômicas adotadas na megalópole chinesa de Xunquim. É mais intimamente associado com Bo Xilai, que serviu como secretário do Partido Comunista da China da cidade entre os anos de 2007 e 2012, embora algumas políticas tenham sido postas em prática pelos antecessores de Bo. O modelo de Xunquim foi caracterizado em parte pelo aumento do controle estatal e pela promoção de uma ideologia neo-esquerdista. Envolveu uma campanha abrangente e às vezes extrajudicial contra o crime organizado, aumentando a segurança e a presença policial na cidade. Como forma de lidar com a decadência da moralidade pública, Bo lançou um movimento de "cultura vermelha" para promover uma ética de cunho maoista. Na questão econômica, buscou ativamente atrair o investimento estrangeiro e deu foco na produção para consumo doméstico. O modelo de Xunquim também foi caracterizado por massivos programas de obras públicas, moradia subsidiada para os mais pobres e um conjunto de políticas sociais destinadas a facilitar a mudança de cidadãos rurais para as cidades. O modelo de Xunquim representou um modelo alternativo de desenvolvimento em relação às políticas adotadas pelo Partido Comunista durante a direção da facção reformista liderada pelo então Secretário-Geral do Partido Comunista da China, Hu Jintao, e por seu primeiro-ministro, Wen Jiabao. Quando Bo Xilai foi removido de seus postos durante a primavera de 2012, as autoridades locais deram início a uma campanha para reverter várias das políticas que eram características do modelo de Xunquim, inclusive reprimindo expressões da chamada "cultura vermelha". Diversos indivíduos, que afirmavam ter sofrido perseguição durante a campanha anticorrupção, começaram a buscar uma espécie de reparação legal. (pt) 重庆模式，即薄熙来主政重庆市时期推行的一系列政治政策。其中包括“”、打黑反腐、宣扬中共传统革命思想、公租房制度及“绿化重庆”等。其中，“宜居重庆”、“畅通重庆”、“森林重庆”、“平安重庆”和“健康重庆”等政策合称为“五个重庆”。 在2008年的金融海啸以后，中华人民共和国经济发展遭遇瓶颈，开始出现政治改革的呼声。薄熙来利用自己的特殊地位，在重庆市推行一系列被部分人认为是民粹主义的政策，在早期吸引到了中国左派人士的关注并且归结为“重庆模式”，与当时出现的广东省的政治改革（被左派人士称之为“广东模式”）作比较。但重庆及中央政府官方从未正式提出过“重庆模式”，并多次否认存在特定“重庆模式”。围绕“重庆模式”在民间及学界一直有众多尖锐对立的争议，随着王立军事件的爆发及薄熙来的去职，对重庆模式的负面评价逐渐增加。 (zh) |
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| dbp:s | 重庆模式 (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | "Model Chongqing" merujuk kepada serangkaian kebijakan sosial dan ekonomi yang diadopsi di megalopolis Chongqing, Tiongkok. Model tersebut sangat berkaitan dengan Bo Xilai, yang menjabat sebagai sekretaris Partai Komunis kota tersebut dari 2007 sampai 2012, melalui beberapa kebijakan yang diberlakukan oleh para pendahulu Bo. (in) 重慶モデル（じゅうけいモデル、英: Chongqing model、簡: 重庆模式、繁: 重慶模式）は、2007年から2012年にかけて中国重慶市の共産党委員会書記を務めた薄熙来により行われた、一連の社会経済政策を指す語。政策のいくつかは薄の前任者によって整えられたが、それらも薄による施策と密接に関連する。 同モデルの特徴としては、国家統制の強化や汚職による組織犯罪の撲滅、都市における安全とインフラの整備、貧しい人々への助成や農村住民の移住環境の整備等による社会政策が挙げられる。 (ja) 重庆模式，即薄熙来主政重庆市时期推行的一系列政治政策。其中包括“”、打黑反腐、宣扬中共传统革命思想、公租房制度及“绿化重庆”等。其中，“宜居重庆”、“畅通重庆”、“森林重庆”、“平安重庆”和“健康重庆”等政策合称为“五个重庆”。 在2008年的金融海啸以后，中华人民共和国经济发展遭遇瓶颈，开始出现政治改革的呼声。薄熙来利用自己的特殊地位，在重庆市推行一系列被部分人认为是民粹主义的政策，在早期吸引到了中国左派人士的关注并且归结为“重庆模式”，与当时出现的广东省的政治改革（被左派人士称之为“广东模式”）作比较。但重庆及中央政府官方从未正式提出过“重庆模式”，并多次否认存在特定“重庆模式”。围绕“重庆模式”在民间及学界一直有众多尖锐对立的争议，随着王立军事件的爆发及薄熙来的去职，对重庆模式的负面评价逐渐增加。 (zh) The "Chongqing model" refers to a series of social and economic policies adopted in the Chinese megalopolis of Chongqing. It is most closely associated with Bo Xilai, who served as the city's Communist Party secretary from 2007 to 2012, though some policies were put in place by Bo's predecessors. (en) O modelo de Xunquim refere-se a uma série de políticas sociais e econômicas adotadas na megalópole chinesa de Xunquim. É mais intimamente associado com Bo Xilai, que serviu como secretário do Partido Comunista da China da cidade entre os anos de 2007 e 2012, embora algumas políticas tenham sido postas em prática pelos antecessores de Bo. (pt) |
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