Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (original) (raw)
Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (* 8. Februar 1857 in Oosterhout; † 26. Juni 1936 in Leiden) war ein niederländischer Arabist und Islamwissenschaftler.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| dbo:abstract | كريستيان سنوك هرخرونيه وأحياناً يُكتب اسمُ عائلته في بعض المصادر العربية هورغرونيي أوهور جرونيه أوهرخونيه والنطق الصحيح المُشَكَّل (كِرِسْتِيَانْ سنُوُك هِرْخُرُونْيَهْ) (بالهولندية:Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje) عاش فيما بين (8 شباط / فبراير 1857م – 26 حزيران / يونيه 1936م) الموافق لـ (1273هـ - 1355ه ) بلغ الثمانين عامًا. وقد كان مستشرقًا هولنديًا، وباحثًا في ثقافات ولغات الشعوب الشرقية، ومستشاراً في شؤون الشعوب في الحكومة الاستعمارية في الهند الشرقية الهولندية (الآن إندونيسيا). ولد في أوسترهاوت في عام 1857م، وبدأ دراسة اللاهوت في جامعة لايدن في عام 1874م. ثم تخصص بقسم اللغات السامية وحصل على الدكتوراه من جامعة لايدن في عام 1880م، وكان عنوان أُطروحته البحثية (باللغة الهولندية: Het Mekkaansche Feest) وترجمتها (باللغة العربية: الاحتفالات أوالمراسم المكية) ويُقصد بها ما كان يُقام في مكة آنذاك من احتفالات ومراسم. أصبح أستاذًا ومحاضرًا في جامعة لايدن في عام 1881م. كان طليقًا في اللغة العربية ومتقنًا للغة الآتشيه. في عام 1888 أصبح عضواً في الأكاديمية الملكية الهولندية للفنون والعلوم. ثم أصبح في عام 1889م أستاذًا لعائلة اللغات الملايوبولينيزية (التي تضم عدة لغات مثل الإندونيسية والماليزية والآتشية) في جامعة ليدن ومستشارًا للحكومة الهولندية في شؤون السكان الأصليين. وفي عام 1891م انتقل إلى العمل في إندونيسيا لخدمة الاستعمار الهولندي حيث عمل مستشاراً لإدارة المستعمرات. (ar) Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (* 8. Februar 1857 in Oosterhout; † 26. Juni 1936 in Leiden) war ein niederländischer Arabist und Islamwissenschaftler. (de) Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (8 February 1857 – 26 June 1936) was a Dutch scholar of Oriental cultures and languages and advisor on native affairs to the colonial government of the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). Born in Oosterhout in 1857, he became a theology student at Leiden University in 1874. He received his doctorate at Leiden in 1880 with his dissertation 'Het Mekkaansche Feest' ("The Festivities of Mecca"). He became a professor at the Leiden School for Colonial Civil Servants in 1881. Snouck, who was fluent in Arabic, through mediation with the Ottoman governor in Jeddah, was examined by a delegation of scholars from Mecca in 1884 and, upon successfully completion of the examination, was allowed to commence a pilgrimage to the Holy Muslim city of Mecca in 1885. He was one of the first Western scholars of Oriental cultures to do so. A pioneering traveler, he was a rare Western presence in Mecca, but embraced the culture and religion of his hosts with passion in such that he successfully gave people the impression that he had converted to Islam. He admitted that he pretended to be a Muslim as he explained in a letter sent to his college friend, Carl Bezold on 18 February 1886 which is now archived in Heidelberg University Library. In 1888 he became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1889 he became professor of Malay at Leiden University and official advisor to the Dutch government on colonial affairs. He wrote more than 1,400 papers on the situation in Atjeh and the position of Islam in the Dutch East Indies, as well as on the colonial civil service and nationalism. As the adviser of J. B. van Heutsz, he took an active role in the final part (1898–1905) of the Aceh War (1873–1914). He used his knowledge of Islamic culture to devise strategies which significantly helped crush the resistance of the Aceh inhabitants and impose Dutch colonial rule on them, ending a 40-year war with varying casualty estimates of between 50,000 and 100,000 inhabitants dead and about a million wounded. His success in the Aceh War earned him influence in shaping colonial administration policy throughout the rest of the Dutch East Indies, however deeming his advice insufficiently implemented he returned to the Netherlands in 1906. Back in the Netherlands Snouck continued a successful academic career. (en) Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (8 Februari 1857 – 26 Juni 1936) adalah seorang sarjana Belanda bidang budaya Oriental dan bahasa serta Penasehat Urusan Pribumi untuk pemerintah kolonial Hindia Belanda (sekarang Indonesia). Lahir di Oosterhout pada 1857, ia menjadi mahasiswa teologi di Universitas Leiden pada tahun 1874. Ia menerima gelar doktor di Leiden pada tahun 1880 dengan disertasinya 'Het Mekkaansche feest' ("Perayaan Mekah"). Ia menjadi profesor di Sekolah Pegawai Kolonial Sipil Leiden pada 1881. Snouck, yang fasih berbahasa Arab, melalui mediasi dengan gubernur Ottoman di Jeddah, menjalani pemeriksaan oleh delegasi ulama dari Mekkah pada tahun 1884 sebelum masuk. Setelah berhasil menyelesaikan pemeriksaan diizinkan untuk memulai ziarah ke kota suci muslim Mekkah pada 1885. Di Mekkah, keramahannya dan naluri intelektualnya membuat para ulama tak segan membimbingnya. Dia adalah salah satu sarjana budaya Oriental Barat pertama yang melakukannya. Pada 1889, ia menjadi profesor Melayu di Universitas Leiden dan penasehat resmi kepada pemerintah Belanda untuk urusan kolonial. Dia menulis lebih dari 1.400 makalah tentang situasi di Aceh dan posisi Islam di Hindia Belanda, serta pada layanan sipil kolonial dan nasionalisme. Sebagai penasehat J.B. van Heutsz, ia mengambil peran aktif dalam bagian akhir (1898-1905) Perang Aceh (1873-1913). Ia menggunakan pengetahuannya tentang budaya Islam untuk merancang strategi yang secara signifikan membantu menghancurkan perlawanan dari penduduk Aceh dan memberlakukan kekuasaan kolonial Belanda pada mereka, mengakhiri perang 40 tahun dengan perkiraan korban sekitar 50.000 dan 100.000 penduduk tewas dan sekitar satu juta terluka. Kesuksesannya dalam Perang Aceh memberinya kekuasaan dalam membentuk kebijakan pemerintahan kolonial sepanjang sisa keberadannya di Hindia Belanda, namun seiring dengan sarannya yang kurang diimplementasikan, ia memutuskan kembali ke Belanda pada 1906 Kembali di Belanda Snouck melanjutkan karier akademis yang sukses. (in) Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (Oosterhout, 8 febbraio 1857 – Leida, 26 giugno 1936) è stato un orientalista, arabista e islamista olandese e un consigliere per i servizi coloniali delle Indie Orientali Olandesi. (it) Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (Oosterhout, 8 februari 1857 – Leiden, 26 juni 1936) was een Nederlands arabist en islamoloog. (nl) Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (ur. 8 lutego 1857 w Oosterhout, zm. 26 czerwca 1936 w Lejdzie) – holenderski uczony, badacz kultur i języków orientalnych, Doradca do spraw Ludności Miejscowej przy holenderskich władzach kolonialnych w Holenderskich Indiach Wschodnich. W 1874 podjął studia teologii na Uniwersytecie w Lejdzie. Uzyskał stopień doktora w Lejdzie w 1880 za pracę pt. „Het Mekkaansche Feest” (Mekkańskie uroczystości religijne). W 1881 został profesorem w Szkole Kolonialnej Administracji Cywilnej w Lejdzie. Odwiedził Mekkę w 1884–1885 jako jeden z pierwszych uczonych zachodnich, badających kultury orientalne. W 1889 został profesorem języka malajskiego na uniwersytecie w Lejdzie i doradcą rządu holenderskiego do spraw kolonii. Jest autorem przeszło 1400 prac na temat sytuacji w Aceh i sytuacji muzułmanów w Holenderskich Indiach Wschodnich, oraz o służbie cywilnej w koloniach i nacjonalizmie. Jako doradca , brał udział w końcowej części wojny w Aceh. Wykorzystywał swoją wiedzę na temat kultury islamu do opracowywania strategii, w sposób znaczący przyczyniając się do stłumienia oporu mieszkańców Aceh i narzucenia im holenderskich rządów kolonialnych. Szacuje się, że w wyniku tych działań wojennych zginęło 50–100 tysięcy ludności miejscowej, a około milion odniosło rany. (pl) Христиа́н Снук-Хюргронье́ (Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje) — нидерландский ориенталист, исламовед и путешественник. (ru) |
| dbo:birthDate | 1857-02-08 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:birthPlace | dbr:Netherlands dbr:Oosterhout |
| dbo:deathDate | 1936-06-26 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:deathPlace | dbr:Leiden dbr:Netherlands |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Snouck_Hurgronje.jpg?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderni00adri/page/10 http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11755/ http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/550526/Christiaan-Snouck-Hurgronje https://archive.org/details/achehnese02hurg/page/140/mode/1up https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_S2AKAQAAIAAJ%7Cyear=1888%7Cpublisher=M. https://archive.org/details/holywarmadeinge00hurg%7Cyear=1913%7Cpublisher=G. https://archive.org/details/mohammedanismlec00hurg/page/n7/mode/2up https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=SjtbAAAAQAAJ%7Cyear=1889%7Cpublisher=M. |
| dbo:wikiPageID | 30873261 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageLength | 32658 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger) |
| dbo:wikiPageRevisionID | 1119196219 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink | dbr:Cairo dbr:Cairo_University dbc:People_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies dbr:Qudrat_Ullah_Shahab dbr:Royal_Netherlands_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences dbr:Sarekat_Islam dbc:History_of_Sumatra dbr:Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indies dbr:Utrecht dbr:David_Samuel_Margoliouth dbr:Royal_Netherlands_Institute_of_Southeast_Asian_and_Caribbean_Studies dbc:1857_births dbc:Explorers_of_Asia dbr:Mecca dbr:Ciamis dbr:Circassians dbr:Monotheism dbr:Arabic dbr:Leiden dbr:Leiden_University dbr:Malay_language dbr:Maluku_Islands dbr:Singapore dbr:Hajji dbr:Khalili_Collection_of_Hajj_and_the_Arts_of_Pilgrimage dbr:Buitenzorg dbr:Banda_Islands dbc:1936_deaths dbc:Corresponding_Fellows_of_the_British_Academy dbc:Explorers_of_Arabia dbc:Indonesianists dbc:Leiden_University_alumni dbc:Leiden_University_faculty dbc:Members_of_the_Royal_Netherlands_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences dbr:West_Java dbr:William_Wilson_Hunter dbr:Aceh dbr:Aceh_War dbr:Acehnese_language dbr:Ambon,_Maluku dbr:Dutch_East_Indies dbr:Dutch_Empire dbr:Ottoman_Empire dbr:Padri_War dbr:Palembang dbr:Carl_Bezold dbr:Carl_Heinrich_Becker dbr:Grand_Mufti dbr:Leiden_University_Library dbr:Dissertation dbr:Habib_Usman_bin_Yahya dbr:Heidelberg_University_Library dbr:Islam dbr:J._B._van_Heutsz dbr:Jakarta dbr:Javanese_language dbr:Jeddah dbc:Dutch_orientalists dbc:Islam_in_the_Netherlands dbc:People_from_Oosterhout dbr:Kai_Islands dbr:Sumatra dbr:Arthur_Jeffery dbr:Indian_Rebellion_of_1857 dbr:Indonesia dbr:Nationaal_Archief dbr:Netherlands dbr:Oosterhout dbr:Oriental dbc:Dutch_scholars_of_Islam dbr:Young_Turk_Revolution dbr:National_Archives_of_Indonesia dbr:Theology dbr:Malay_(language) dbr:Syncretism dbr:University_of_Leiden dbr:Mandailing dbr:Rector_magnificus dbr:File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Mekkagange...Consulaat_in_Jeddah_TMnr_10001259.jpg dbr:File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Moskee_TMnr_10016675.jpg dbr:File:Khalili_Collection_Hajj_and_Arts_of_Pilgrimage_ARC.pp_0046.jpg dbr:File:Leids_Universiteits_Fonds.jpg dbr:File:Snouck2.jpg dbr:File:Snouck_Hurgronje_in_Mekka.jpg |
| dbp:birthDate | 1857-02-08 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:birthPlace | Oosterhout, Netherlands (en) |
| dbp:caption | Dutch scholar Snouck Hurgronje. (en) |
| dbp:deathDate | 1936-06-26 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:deathPlace | Leiden, Netherlands (en) |
| dbp:id | Hurgronje,+C.+Snouck+ (en) |
| dbp:imageSize | 275 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:name | Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (en) |
| dbp:nationality | Dutch (en) |
| dbp:occupation | Professor, author, spy, colonial advisor (en) |
| dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate | dbt:Authority_control dbt:Birth_date dbt:Block_quote dbt:Cite_book dbt:Commons_category dbt:Infobox_writer dbt:Interlanguage_link dbt:Over-quotation dbt:Reflist dbt:Short_description dbt:Use_dmy_dates dbt:Death_date_and_age dbt:Wikisource_author dbt:Gutenberg_author dbt:OL_author dbt:Internet_Archive_author |
| dct:subject | dbc:People_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies dbc:History_of_Sumatra dbc:1857_births dbc:Explorers_of_Asia dbc:1936_deaths dbc:Corresponding_Fellows_of_the_British_Academy dbc:Explorers_of_Arabia dbc:Indonesianists dbc:Leiden_University_alumni dbc:Leiden_University_faculty dbc:Members_of_the_Royal_Netherlands_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences dbc:Dutch_orientalists dbc:Islam_in_the_Netherlands dbc:People_from_Oosterhout dbc:Dutch_scholars_of_Islam |
| gold:hypernym | dbr:Scholar |
| schema:sameAs | http://viaf.org/viaf/97917716 |
| rdf:type | owl:Thing foaf:Person dbo:Person dul:NaturalPerson wikidata:Q19088 wikidata:Q215627 wikidata:Q36180 wikidata:Q5 wikidata:Q729 dbo:Animal dbo:Eukaryote dbo:Species yago:WikicatConvertsToIslam schema:Person yago:WikicatLeidenUniversityAlumni yago:WikicatLinguistsFromTheNetherlands yago:WikicatOrientalists yago:WikicatPeopleFromOosterhout yago:Alumnus109786338 yago:CausalAgent100007347 yago:Communicator109610660 yago:Convert109962414 yago:Expert109617867 yago:Explorer110072708 yago:Intellectual109621545 yago:Linguist110264437 yago:LivingThing100004258 yago:Object100002684 yago:Organism100004475 yago:Orientalist110383689 yago:Person100007846 yago:PhysicalEntity100001930 yago:WikicatIslamicStudiesScholars yago:Writer110794014 yago:YagoLegalActor yago:YagoLegalActorGeo dbo:Writer yago:Scholar110557854 yago:Scientist110560637 yago:Specialist110631941 yago:Whole100003553 yago:WikicatDutchExplorers yago:WikicatDutchOrientalists yago:WikicatDutchPeople yago:WikicatExplorersOfArabia yago:WikicatExplorersOfAsia yago:WikicatPeopleOfTheDutchEastIndies |
| rdfs:comment | Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (* 8. Februar 1857 in Oosterhout; † 26. Juni 1936 in Leiden) war ein niederländischer Arabist und Islamwissenschaftler. (de) Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (Oosterhout, 8 febbraio 1857 – Leida, 26 giugno 1936) è stato un orientalista, arabista e islamista olandese e un consigliere per i servizi coloniali delle Indie Orientali Olandesi. (it) Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (Oosterhout, 8 februari 1857 – Leiden, 26 juni 1936) was een Nederlands arabist en islamoloog. (nl) Христиа́н Снук-Хюргронье́ (Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje) — нидерландский ориенталист, исламовед и путешественник. (ru) كريستيان سنوك هرخرونيه وأحياناً يُكتب اسمُ عائلته في بعض المصادر العربية هورغرونيي أوهور جرونيه أوهرخونيه والنطق الصحيح المُشَكَّل (كِرِسْتِيَانْ سنُوُك هِرْخُرُونْيَهْ) (بالهولندية:Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje) عاش فيما بين (8 شباط / فبراير 1857م – 26 حزيران / يونيه 1936م) الموافق لـ (1273هـ - 1355ه ) بلغ الثمانين عامًا. وقد كان مستشرقًا هولنديًا، وباحثًا في ثقافات ولغات الشعوب الشرقية، ومستشاراً في شؤون الشعوب في الحكومة الاستعمارية في الهند الشرقية الهولندية (الآن إندونيسيا). (ar) Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (8 February 1857 – 26 June 1936) was a Dutch scholar of Oriental cultures and languages and advisor on native affairs to the colonial government of the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). Born in Oosterhout in 1857, he became a theology student at Leiden University in 1874. He received his doctorate at Leiden in 1880 with his dissertation 'Het Mekkaansche Feest' ("The Festivities of Mecca"). He became a professor at the Leiden School for Colonial Civil Servants in 1881. (en) Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (8 Februari 1857 – 26 Juni 1936) adalah seorang sarjana Belanda bidang budaya Oriental dan bahasa serta Penasehat Urusan Pribumi untuk pemerintah kolonial Hindia Belanda (sekarang Indonesia). Lahir di Oosterhout pada 1857, ia menjadi mahasiswa teologi di Universitas Leiden pada tahun 1874. Ia menerima gelar doktor di Leiden pada tahun 1880 dengan disertasinya 'Het Mekkaansche feest' ("Perayaan Mekah"). Ia menjadi profesor di Sekolah Pegawai Kolonial Sipil Leiden pada 1881. (in) Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (ur. 8 lutego 1857 w Oosterhout, zm. 26 czerwca 1936 w Lejdzie) – holenderski uczony, badacz kultur i języków orientalnych, Doradca do spraw Ludności Miejscowej przy holenderskich władzach kolonialnych w Holenderskich Indiach Wschodnich. (pl) |
| rdfs:label | Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (en) سنوك هرخرونيه (ar) Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (de) Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (in) Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (it) Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (nl) Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (pl) Снук-Хюргронье, Христиан (ru) |
| owl:sameAs | freebase:Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje http://viaf.org/viaf/97917716 yago-res:Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje http://d-nb.info/gnd/118979469 http://d-nb.info/gnd/159209293 http://d-nb.info/gnd/160387604 http://d-nb.info/gnd/187188955 wikidata:Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068311419 dbpedia-ar:Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje http://arz.dbpedia.org/resource/سنوك_هرخرونيه dbpedia-de:Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje dbpedia-he:Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje dbpedia-id:Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje dbpedia-it:Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje http://jv.dbpedia.org/resource/Christiaan_Snouck_Hurgronje dbpedia-la:Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje dbpedia-ms:Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje dbpedia-nl:Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje dbpedia-pl:Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje dbpedia-ru:Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje http://ur.dbpedia.org/resource/کرسچیان_سنوک_ہرگرونیے https://global.dbpedia.org/id/4tPrq |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Christiaan_Snouck_Hurgronje?oldid=1119196219&ns=0 |
| foaf:depiction | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEU...Consulaat_in_Jeddah_TMnr_10001259.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEU...eddah_Saoedi_Arabië_TMnr_10001261.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEU...eddah_Saoedi_Arabië_TMnr_10001257.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Moskee_TMnr_10016675.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Khalili_Collection_Hajj_and_Arts_of_Pilgrimage_ARC.pp_0046.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Leids_Universiteits_Fonds.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Snouck2.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Snouck_Hurgronje.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Snouck_Hurgronje_in_Mekka.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEU...eddah_Saoedi_Arabië_TMnr_10001258.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Meccan_merchant_and_his_Circassian_slave.jpg |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:Christiaan_Snouck_Hurgronje |
| foaf:name | Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (en) |
| is dbo:wikiPageDisambiguates of | dbr:Christiaan |
| is dbo:wikiPageRedirects of | dbr:C._Snouck_Hurgronje dbr:Christiaan_Snouck_Hurgonje dbr:Christian_Snouck_Hurgronje dbr:Hurgronje dbr:Hurgronje,_C._Snouck_(Christiaan_Snouck),_1857-1936 dbr:Hurgronje,_Christian_Snouck,_1857-1936 dbr:Snouck_Hurgronje dbr:Snouck_Hurgronje,_C._(Christiaan),_1857-1936 |
| is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of | dbr:List_of_corresponding_fellows_of_the_British_Academy dbr:Muhammad_Sadiq_(photographer) dbr:C._Snouck_Hurgronje dbr:Juda_Lion_Palache dbr:List_of_museums_and_cultural_institutions_in_Indonesia dbr:Riau-Lingga_Sultanate dbr:Riau_Islands dbr:J._H._Oldham dbr:Johannes_Pedersen_(theologian) dbr:List_of_rectores_magnifici_of_Leiden_University dbr:Christiaan dbr:Emily_Ruete dbr:G._Krugers dbr:Arab_Revolt dbr:Leiden_University dbr:Luar_Batang_Mosque dbr:Khalili_Collection_of_Hajj_and_the_Arts_of_Pilgrimage dbr:Adat dbr:Wiranatakusumah_V dbr:Abdullah_ibn_Shaykh_al-Aydarus dbr:Aceh_War dbr:Acehnese_language dbr:Agus_Salim dbr:Dutch_East_Indies dbr:Basic_Library_of_Dutch_Literature dbr:Charles_van_der_Plas dbr:Gouvernment_of_Atjeh_and_Dependencies dbr:History_of_espionage dbr:Kapitan_Arab dbr:Leiden_University_Library dbr:List_of_Leiden_University_people dbr:J._B._van_Heutsz dbr:Counterinsurgency dbr:Arsyad_Thawil_al-Bantani dbr:Abd_al-Ghaffar dbr:Alauddin_Muhammad_Da'ud_Syah_II dbr:L.W.C._van_den_Berg dbr:Hoesein_Djajadiningrat dbr:Homosexuality_in_Indonesia dbr:Ignác_Goldziher dbr:Netherlands_Indies_Civil_Administration dbr:Oosterhout dbr:Manasik dbr:The_Boy_with_the_Moon_on_his_Forehead dbr:Christiaan_Snouck_Hurgonje dbr:Christian_Snouck_Hurgronje dbr:Hurgronje dbr:Hurgronje,_C._Snouck_(Christiaan_Snouck),_1857-1936 dbr:Hurgronje,_Christian_Snouck,_1857-1936 dbr:Snouck_Hurgronje dbr:Snouck_Hurgronje,_C._(Christiaan),_1857-1936 |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Christiaan_Snouck_Hurgronje |
