In commendam (original) (raw)
In commendam (česky do správy, svěření) je latinské označení pro vykonávání úřadu takovou formou, kdy je komendátor zproštěn povinností plynoucích z úřadu, avšak příjem mu je ponechán, jakož i související pravomoci a privilegia.
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| dbo:abstract | In commendam (česky do správy, svěření) je latinské označení pro vykonávání úřadu takovou formou, kdy je komendátor zproštěn povinností plynoucích z úřadu, avšak příjem mu je ponechán, jakož i související pravomoci a privilegia. (cs) Kommende ([kɔˈmɛndə], Betonung auf der zweiten Silbe; lateinisch commendare „anvertrauen“, „empfehlen“) bezeichnet ursprünglich als Begriff im Kirchenrecht die Übertragung der Einkünfte eines Kirchen- oder Klostervermögens auf eine dritte Person unter Befreiung von den Amtspflichten. In späterer Zeit wurden die Niederlassungen der Ritterorden als „Kommende“ oder Komturei bezeichnet (in Frankreich als commanderie, in Spanien als encomienda, in Polen als komturia, komenda oder komandoria). (de) In canon law, commendam (or in commendam) was a form of transferring an ecclesiastical benefice in trust to the custody of a patron. The phrase in commendam was originally applied to the provisional occupation of an ecclesiastical benefice, which was temporarily without an actual occupant, in contrast to the conferral of a title, in titulum, which was applied to the regular and unconditional occupation of a benefice. The word commendam is the accusative singular of the Latin noun commenda, "trust", or "custody", which is derived from the verb commendare ("to entrust"). Granting a benefice in commendam became most common with monasteries, and the commendatory abbot drew a portion of the revenue of the monastery but without fulfilling the duties of the abbot or even residing at the monastery. (en) Commendam o in commendam, en derecho canónico, era una forma de transferir un beneficio eclesiástico, confiado o encomendado a la custodia de un patrón. La frase in commendam se aplicó originalmente a la colación o derecho a conferir la ocupación provisional de un beneficio eclesiástico, que estaba temporalmente sin ocupante, por contraste con la concesión de un título, in titulum, que se aplicaba a la ocupación regular y no condicionada de un beneficio. La palabra commendam es el acusativo singular del sustantivo latino commenda, 'confianza' o 'custodia', que se deriva del verbo commendare ('encomendar', 'confiar'). Otorgar un beneficio in commendam llegó a ser más común en los monasterios, y el abad comendatario obtenía una parte de los ingresos del monasterio, pero sin cumplir con los deberes del abad o incluso sin residir en el monasterio. (es) Dans le régime de la commende, un ecclésiastique (abbé ou prieur « commendataire ») ou un laïc tient une abbaye ou un prieuré in commendam, c'est-à-dire en percevant personnellement les revenus, et, s'il s'agit d'un ecclésiastique, en exerçant aussi une certaine juridiction sans toutefois la moindre autorité sur la discipline intérieure des moines. (fr) In commendam (alla lettera: "in affidamento") è un'espressione latina per indicare essenzialmente l'affidamento temporaneo dei redditi di un ente ecclesiastico ad un "commendatario" (cioè che non possedeva la carica che comportava il beneficio, ma solo il beneficio stesso), che poteva essere un ecclesiastico o anche un laico. (it) In commendam (Nederlands: "In bewaring") – in het Nederlands wel aangeduid met in commende – was het (tijdelijk) verlenen van de titel van commendataire abt, uit hoofde waarvan de opbrengsten van een abdij gebruikt mochten worden ter verbetering van het eigen inkomen. Hierbij inde de abt slechts de opbrengsten, maar had geen bestuurlijke inspraak. De abt hoefde niet zelf in de abdij te wonen om aanspraak te kunnen maken op de gelden. (nl) Em direito canônico, commendam (ou in commendam) era uma forma de transferir um beneficium em confiança à guarda de um patrono. A prática de beneficiums realizados in commendam tornou-se uso e abuso generalizado nos séculos XIV e XV, mas as origens podem ser encontradas na Alta Idade Média; então, durante períodos de turbulência e invasão, propriedades da igreja (beneficiums eclesiásticos) seriam dadas a um membro da igreja para salvaguardá-las até que a ordem fosse restaurada. A frase in commendam foi originalmente aplicada para a ocupação provisória de um beneficium eclesiástico, que estava temporariamente sem um ocupante atual – um corolário da frase in titulum, que era aplicada à ocupação regular e incondicional de beneficiums. Um abade, portanto, in commendam era um mecenas, não o líder de uma abadia no local; ele extraía a receita, mas não estava preocupado com o trabalho da abadia ou a disciplina espiritual. Abades in commendam normalmente não residiam em suas abadias. (pt) |
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| rdfs:comment | In commendam (česky do správy, svěření) je latinské označení pro vykonávání úřadu takovou formou, kdy je komendátor zproštěn povinností plynoucích z úřadu, avšak příjem mu je ponechán, jakož i související pravomoci a privilegia. (cs) Kommende ([kɔˈmɛndə], Betonung auf der zweiten Silbe; lateinisch commendare „anvertrauen“, „empfehlen“) bezeichnet ursprünglich als Begriff im Kirchenrecht die Übertragung der Einkünfte eines Kirchen- oder Klostervermögens auf eine dritte Person unter Befreiung von den Amtspflichten. In späterer Zeit wurden die Niederlassungen der Ritterorden als „Kommende“ oder Komturei bezeichnet (in Frankreich als commanderie, in Spanien als encomienda, in Polen als komturia, komenda oder komandoria). (de) Dans le régime de la commende, un ecclésiastique (abbé ou prieur « commendataire ») ou un laïc tient une abbaye ou un prieuré in commendam, c'est-à-dire en percevant personnellement les revenus, et, s'il s'agit d'un ecclésiastique, en exerçant aussi une certaine juridiction sans toutefois la moindre autorité sur la discipline intérieure des moines. (fr) In commendam (alla lettera: "in affidamento") è un'espressione latina per indicare essenzialmente l'affidamento temporaneo dei redditi di un ente ecclesiastico ad un "commendatario" (cioè che non possedeva la carica che comportava il beneficio, ma solo il beneficio stesso), che poteva essere un ecclesiastico o anche un laico. (it) In commendam (Nederlands: "In bewaring") – in het Nederlands wel aangeduid met in commende – was het (tijdelijk) verlenen van de titel van commendataire abt, uit hoofde waarvan de opbrengsten van een abdij gebruikt mochten worden ter verbetering van het eigen inkomen. Hierbij inde de abt slechts de opbrengsten, maar had geen bestuurlijke inspraak. De abt hoefde niet zelf in de abdij te wonen om aanspraak te kunnen maken op de gelden. (nl) Commendam o in commendam, en derecho canónico, era una forma de transferir un beneficio eclesiástico, confiado o encomendado a la custodia de un patrón. La frase in commendam se aplicó originalmente a la colación o derecho a conferir la ocupación provisional de un beneficio eclesiástico, que estaba temporalmente sin ocupante, por contraste con la concesión de un título, in titulum, que se aplicaba a la ocupación regular y no condicionada de un beneficio. (es) In canon law, commendam (or in commendam) was a form of transferring an ecclesiastical benefice in trust to the custody of a patron. The phrase in commendam was originally applied to the provisional occupation of an ecclesiastical benefice, which was temporarily without an actual occupant, in contrast to the conferral of a title, in titulum, which was applied to the regular and unconditional occupation of a benefice. The word commendam is the accusative singular of the Latin noun commenda, "trust", or "custody", which is derived from the verb commendare ("to entrust"). (en) Em direito canônico, commendam (ou in commendam) era uma forma de transferir um beneficium em confiança à guarda de um patrono. A prática de beneficiums realizados in commendam tornou-se uso e abuso generalizado nos séculos XIV e XV, mas as origens podem ser encontradas na Alta Idade Média; então, durante períodos de turbulência e invasão, propriedades da igreja (beneficiums eclesiásticos) seriam dadas a um membro da igreja para salvaguardá-las até que a ordem fosse restaurada. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | In commendam (cs) Kommende (de) In commendam (es) In commendam (it) In commendam (en) Régime de la commende (fr) In commendam (nl) In commendam (pt) |
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