Common cause and special cause (statistics) (original) (raw)
Als Ausfälle aufgrund gemeinsamer Ursache (auch Versagen aufgrund gemeinsamer Ursache, Ausfall infolge gemeinsamer Ursache oder gemeinsam verursachte Ausfälle, GVA; englisch common cause failures, CCF) werden in der Risikoanalyse Ausfälle von mehreren Komponenten oder Systemen bezeichnet, die als Folge einer einzelnen Fehlerursache oder eines einzelnen Ereignisses auftreten. Ihr Ausfallverhalten ist damit statistisch voneinander abhängig.
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| dbo:abstract | Common and special causes are the two distinct origins of variation in a process, as defined in the statistical thinking and methods of Walter A. Shewhart and W. Edwards Deming. Briefly, "common causes", also called natural patterns, are the usual, historical, quantifiable variation in a system, while "special causes" are unusual, not previously observed, non-quantifiable variation. The distinction is fundamental in philosophy of statistics and philosophy of probability, with different treatment of these issues being a classic issue of probability interpretations, being recognised and discussed as early as 1703 by Gottfried Leibniz; various alternative names have been used over the years. The distinction has been particularly important in the thinking of economists Frank Knight, John Maynard Keynes and G. L. S. Shackle. (en) Als Ausfälle aufgrund gemeinsamer Ursache (auch Versagen aufgrund gemeinsamer Ursache, Ausfall infolge gemeinsamer Ursache oder gemeinsam verursachte Ausfälle, GVA; englisch common cause failures, CCF) werden in der Risikoanalyse Ausfälle von mehreren Komponenten oder Systemen bezeichnet, die als Folge einer einzelnen Fehlerursache oder eines einzelnen Ereignisses auftreten. Ihr Ausfallverhalten ist damit statistisch voneinander abhängig. (de) Las causas comunes y las causas especiales son dos tipos distintos de origen de variación en un proceso, como está definido en el pensamiento y métodos estadísticos de Walter A. Shewhart y W. Edwards Deming. Brevemente, causa común es la variación usual, histórica, cuantificable en un sistema, mientras que causa especial son las variaciones inusuales, previamente no observadas, no cuantificables. La distinción es fundamental en la y la filosofía de la probabilidad, con diferentes tratamientos de estos temas siendo un problema clásico de las interpretaciones de la probabilidad, esto fue reconocido y discutido tan tempranamente como en 1703 por Gottfried Leibniz; sin perjuicio de se han usado varios nombres alternativos a través de los años. La distinción ha sido particularmente importante en el pensamiento de los economistas Frank Knight, John Maynard Keynes y G. L. S. Shackle. (es) Common Cause Failure - CCF - Fel med gemensam orsak - är förhållandet att ett tekniskt system som försetts med flerfaldiga eller redundanta komponenter för att förbättra tillförlitligheten, får fel som samtidigt uppträder i flera system eller komponenter på grund av en specifik händelse eller orsak. Detta kan medföra att systemets tillgänglighet blir lägre än avsett. (sv) |
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| rdfs:comment | Als Ausfälle aufgrund gemeinsamer Ursache (auch Versagen aufgrund gemeinsamer Ursache, Ausfall infolge gemeinsamer Ursache oder gemeinsam verursachte Ausfälle, GVA; englisch common cause failures, CCF) werden in der Risikoanalyse Ausfälle von mehreren Komponenten oder Systemen bezeichnet, die als Folge einer einzelnen Fehlerursache oder eines einzelnen Ereignisses auftreten. Ihr Ausfallverhalten ist damit statistisch voneinander abhängig. (de) Common Cause Failure - CCF - Fel med gemensam orsak - är förhållandet att ett tekniskt system som försetts med flerfaldiga eller redundanta komponenter för att förbättra tillförlitligheten, får fel som samtidigt uppträder i flera system eller komponenter på grund av en specifik händelse eller orsak. Detta kan medföra att systemets tillgänglighet blir lägre än avsett. (sv) Common and special causes are the two distinct origins of variation in a process, as defined in the statistical thinking and methods of Walter A. Shewhart and W. Edwards Deming. Briefly, "common causes", also called natural patterns, are the usual, historical, quantifiable variation in a system, while "special causes" are unusual, not previously observed, non-quantifiable variation. The distinction has been particularly important in the thinking of economists Frank Knight, John Maynard Keynes and G. L. S. Shackle. (en) Las causas comunes y las causas especiales son dos tipos distintos de origen de variación en un proceso, como está definido en el pensamiento y métodos estadísticos de Walter A. Shewhart y W. Edwards Deming. Brevemente, causa común es la variación usual, histórica, cuantificable en un sistema, mientras que causa especial son las variaciones inusuales, previamente no observadas, no cuantificables. La distinción ha sido particularmente importante en el pensamiento de los economistas Frank Knight, John Maynard Keynes y G. L. S. Shackle. (es) |
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