Complex geometry (original) (raw)
- الهندسة العقدية هي تطبيق الأعداد العقدية على الهندسة المستوية. بدلا من تمثيل نقطة في مستو بزوج من الإحداثيات الديكارتية، يمكن تمثيلها بعدد مركب وحيد، يمكن كتابته بالشكل المستطيل أو القطبي . (ar)
- En matematiko, kompleksa geometrio estas la apliko de kompleksaj nombroj al ebena geometrio. Anstataŭ ol prezenti punkton en la ebeno kiel paro de karteziaj koordinatoj, oni povas esti prezenti ĝin kiel unu kompleksan nombron, kiu povas esti skribita laŭvole en ortangula aŭ trigonometria prezento. Kompleksa analitika geometrio konsideras solvadon de geometriaj problemoj, aparte tiuj kiuj engaĝas angulojn, per kompleksa algebro. Uzante eŭleran formulon eblas prezenti ĉiun rotacion kiel kompleksa nombro. Kompleksaj nombroj povas pro tio doni avantaĝon en solvado de problemoj en elementa geometrio. Ĉi tiu maniero estas iam uzata en la plibonigitaj alta-lerneja matematiko, ĉar ĝi permesas al mezlernejanoj noti angulajn rilatojn per simplaj formuloj. (eo)
- In mathematics, complex geometry is the study of geometric structures and constructions arising out of, or described by, the complex numbers. In particular, complex geometry is concerned with the study of spaces such as complex manifolds and complex algebraic varieties, functions of several complex variables, and holomorphic constructions such as holomorphic vector bundles and coherent sheaves. Application of transcendental methods to algebraic geometry falls in this category, together with more geometric aspects of complex analysis. Complex geometry sits at the intersection of algebraic geometry, differential geometry, and complex analysis, and uses tools from all three areas. Because of the blend of techniques and ideas from various areas, problems in complex geometry are often more tractable or concrete than in general. For example, the classification of complex manifolds and complex algebraic varieties through the minimal model program and the construction of moduli spaces sets the field apart from differential geometry, where the classification of possible smooth manifolds is a significantly harder problem. Additionally, the extra structure of complex geometry allows, especially in the compact setting, for global analytic results to be proven with great success, including Shing-Tung Yau's proof of the Calabi conjecture, the Hitchin–Kobayashi correspondence, the nonabelian Hodge correspondence, and existence results for Kähler–Einstein metrics and constant scalar curvature Kähler metrics. These results often feed back into complex algebraic geometry, and for example recently the classification of Fano manifolds using K-stability has benefited tremendously both from techniques in analysis and in pure birational geometry. Complex geometry has significant applications to theoretical physics, where it is essential in understanding conformal field theory, string theory, and mirror symmetry. It is often a source of examples in other areas of mathematics, including in representation theory where generalized flag varieties may be studied using complex geometry leading to the Borel–Weil–Bott theorem, or in symplectic geometry, where Kähler manifolds are symplectic, in Riemannian geometry where complex manifolds provide examples of exotic metric structures such as Calabi–Yau manifolds and hyperkähler manifolds, and in gauge theory, where holomorphic vector bundles often admit solutions to important differential equations arising out of physics such as the Yang–Mills equations. Complex geometry additionally is impactful in pure algebraic geometry, where analytic results in the complex setting such as Hodge theory of Kähler manifolds inspire understanding of Hodge structures for varieties and schemes as well as p-adic Hodge theory, deformation theory for complex manifolds inspires understanding of the deformation theory of schemes, and results about the cohomology of complex manifolds inspired the formulation of the Weil conjectures and Grothendieck's standard conjectures. On the other hand, results and techniques from many of these fields often feed back into complex geometry, and for example developments in the mathematics of string theory and mirror symmetry have revealed much about the nature of Calabi–Yau manifolds, which string theorists predict should have the structure of Lagrangian fibrations through the SYZ conjecture, and the development of Gromov–Witten theory of symplectic manifolds has led to advances in enumerative geometry of complex varieties. The Hodge conjecture, one of the millennium prize problems, is a problem in complex geometry. (en)
- Dalam matematika, geometri kompleks adalah studi tentang , , dan fungsi . Penerapan metode transendental ke geometri aljabar termasuk dalam kategori ini, bersama dengan lebih banyak aspek geometris analisis kompleks. Secara umum, geometri kompleks berkaitan dengan ruang dan yang dimodelkan, dalam arti tertentu, pada bidang kompleks. Fitur bidang kompleks dan analisis kompleks variabel tunggal, seperti gagasan intrinsik (yaitu, mampu secara konsisten memutar 90 derajat berlawanan arah jarum jam di setiap titik dalam bidang kompleks), dan kekakuan (yaitu, keberadaan turunan kompleks tunggal menyiratkan diferensiabilitas kompleks untuk semua ordo) terlihat terwujud. Sebagai contoh, setiap lipatan kompleks dapat diorientasikan secara kanonik, dan bentuk berpegang pada kompak lipatan kompleks atau varietas aljabar kompleks. (in)
- In matematica, e in particolare in geometria, per geometria complessa si intende lo studio delle varietà complesse, di dimensione arbitraria. Le varietà complesse sono generalmente studiate con metodi algebrici o analitici. La geometria complessa è quindi un'area avente una forte sovrapposizione con la geometria algebrica, la geometria differenziale e l'analisi complessa (quest'ultima soprattutto per quanto riguarda lo studio delle varietà di dimensione 1, le cosiddette superfici di Riemann). (it)
- La géométrie complexe est un pan entier de la géométrie, intéressé dans l'étude des ouverts de l'espace vectoriel complexe Cn, et par extension des variétés holomorphes. (fr)
- 数学では、複素幾何学(ふくそきかがく、complex geometry)は複素多様体や多変数複素函数の研究をする。複素解析における幾何学的な側面であるは代数幾何学への超越な応用は、この分野に属する。 本記事を通して、「解析的」という用語は簡単のために省略することがある。例えば、部分多様体や超曲面は、「解析的」という形容詞は省略する。また、他の記事の使いかたに従い、多様体(variety)は既約(irreducible)であることを仮定する。 (ja)
- In de complexe analyse en de algebraïsche meetkunde, deelgebieden van de wiskunde, is de complexe meetkunde de studie van complexe variëteiten en functies van meer complexe variabelen. Toepassing van transcendentale methoden in de algebraïsche meetkunde valt in deze categorie, net als de meer meetkundige hoofdstukken van de complexe analyse. (nl)
- Em matemática, a geometria complexa é o estudo das variedades complexas e das funções de várias . A área inclui a aplicação de métodos transcendentais à geometria algébrica, juntamente com aspectos mais geométricos da análise complexa. (pt)
- الهندسة العقدية هي تطبيق الأعداد العقدية على الهندسة المستوية. بدلا من تمثيل نقطة في مستو بزوج من الإحداثيات الديكارتية، يمكن تمثيلها بعدد مركب وحيد، يمكن كتابته بالشكل المستطيل أو القطبي . (ar)
- In matematica, e in particolare in geometria, per geometria complessa si intende lo studio delle varietà complesse, di dimensione arbitraria. Le varietà complesse sono generalmente studiate con metodi algebrici o analitici. La geometria complessa è quindi un'area avente una forte sovrapposizione con la geometria algebrica, la geometria differenziale e l'analisi complessa (quest'ultima soprattutto per quanto riguarda lo studio delle varietà di dimensione 1, le cosiddette superfici di Riemann). (it)
- La géométrie complexe est un pan entier de la géométrie, intéressé dans l'étude des ouverts de l'espace vectoriel complexe Cn, et par extension des variétés holomorphes. (fr)
- 数学では、複素幾何学(ふくそきかがく、complex geometry)は複素多様体や多変数複素函数の研究をする。複素解析における幾何学的な側面であるは代数幾何学への超越な応用は、この分野に属する。 本記事を通して、「解析的」という用語は簡単のために省略することがある。例えば、部分多様体や超曲面は、「解析的」という形容詞は省略する。また、他の記事の使いかたに従い、多様体(variety)は既約(irreducible)であることを仮定する。 (ja)
- In de complexe analyse en de algebraïsche meetkunde, deelgebieden van de wiskunde, is de complexe meetkunde de studie van complexe variëteiten en functies van meer complexe variabelen. Toepassing van transcendentale methoden in de algebraïsche meetkunde valt in deze categorie, net als de meer meetkundige hoofdstukken van de complexe analyse. (nl)
- Em matemática, a geometria complexa é o estudo das variedades complexas e das funções de várias . A área inclui a aplicação de métodos transcendentais à geometria algébrica, juntamente com aspectos mais geométricos da análise complexa. (pt)
- En matematiko, kompleksa geometrio estas la apliko de kompleksaj nombroj al ebena geometrio. Anstataŭ ol prezenti punkton en la ebeno kiel paro de karteziaj koordinatoj, oni povas esti prezenti ĝin kiel unu kompleksan nombron, kiu povas esti skribita laŭvole en ortangula aŭ trigonometria prezento. Kompleksa analitika geometrio konsideras solvadon de geometriaj problemoj, aparte tiuj kiuj engaĝas angulojn, per kompleksa algebro. Uzante eŭleran formulon eblas prezenti ĉiun rotacion kiel kompleksa nombro. (eo)
- In mathematics, complex geometry is the study of geometric structures and constructions arising out of, or described by, the complex numbers. In particular, complex geometry is concerned with the study of spaces such as complex manifolds and complex algebraic varieties, functions of several complex variables, and holomorphic constructions such as holomorphic vector bundles and coherent sheaves. Application of transcendental methods to algebraic geometry falls in this category, together with more geometric aspects of complex analysis. (en)
- Dalam matematika, geometri kompleks adalah studi tentang , , dan fungsi . Penerapan metode transendental ke geometri aljabar termasuk dalam kategori ini, bersama dengan lebih banyak aspek geometris analisis kompleks. (in)
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