| dbo:abstract |
قطع القحف المخفف للضغط (بالإنجليزية: Decompressive craniectomy) هو إجراء جراحي على الجهاز العصبي يُزال فيه جزء من الجمجمة للسماح بتمدد الدماغ المتورم دون انضغاطه. تُجرى هذه الجراحة على ضحايا الأذيات الدماغية الرضية والنشبات وتشوه آرنولد خياري وفي حالات أخرى تترافق مع ارتفاع الضغط داخل القحف. ما يزال اللجوء إلى هذه الجراحة مثار جدل بين المختصين. نشأ هذا الإجراء من جراحة بدائية عُرفت باسم نقب الجمجمة. كان الشكل القديم شائعًا في عصور ما قبل التاريخ لكنه أُهمل لصالح العلاجات الأخرى الأقل غزوًا مع تطورها، ورغم استمرار إجرائه بتواتر نوعًا ما قبل القرن العشرين، لم يظهر بشكله المعاصر حتى تطورت أدوات القطع الجراحية الدقيقة والمثقاب الجمجمي وأساليب العناية المتقدمة التالية للجراحة مثل المضادات الحيوية. (ar) Decompressive craniectomy (crani- + -ectomy) is a neurosurgical procedure in which part of the skull is removed to allow a swelling brain room to expand without being squeezed. It is performed on victims of traumatic brain injury, stroke, Chiari Malformation, and other conditions associated with raised intracranial pressure. Use of the surgery is controversial. The procedure evolved from a primitive form of surgery known as trephining or trepanning. The older procedure, while common in prehistoric times, was deprecated in favor of other, less invasive treatments as they were developed; although it was still performed with some frequency prior to the twentieth century, its resurgence in modern form became possible only upon the development of precision cutting tools, cranial drills, and sophisticated post-operative care such as antibiotics. (en) Craniectomía descompresiva es un procedimiento quirúrgico en el que parte del cráneo se elimina para otorgar espacio para expandirse a una inflamación del cerebro. La parte del cráneo que se extrae se llama hueso de solapa o colgajo óseo. Su uso en cirugía es controversial. (es) Kraniektomi dekompresi adalah sebuah prosedur bedah saraf yang mengangkat suatu bagian tengkorak, untuk memungkinkan otak yang membengkak mendapat ruang untuk mengembang, sehingga terjadi pengurangan tekanan di dalam tengkorak (dekompresi). Prosedur ini sering dilakukan pada korban dan stroke, yang tidak responsif terhadap terapi lain. Ada yang menganggap penggunaan operasi ini sebagai prosedur yang kontroversial. (in) La craniectomia decompressiva è una tecnica neurochirurgica impiegata nel trattamento dell'ipertensione endocranica. Si tratta di un intervento di emergenza effettuato nei casi più critici allo scopo di migliorare la circolazione cerebrale e prevenire complicanze come l' ed ischemie. (it) A craniectomia descompressiva é um procedimento neurocirúrgico em que parte do osso craniano é removido, para permitir que uma porção cerebral inchada se expanda sem ser comprimida. É realizado em vítimas de traumatismo cranioencefálico, acidente vascular cerebral e outras condições associadas à pressão intracraniana elevada. (pt) |
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Diagram showing the elements of a decompressive craniectomy (en) |
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| rdfs:comment |
Craniectomía descompresiva es un procedimiento quirúrgico en el que parte del cráneo se elimina para otorgar espacio para expandirse a una inflamación del cerebro. La parte del cráneo que se extrae se llama hueso de solapa o colgajo óseo. Su uso en cirugía es controversial. (es) Kraniektomi dekompresi adalah sebuah prosedur bedah saraf yang mengangkat suatu bagian tengkorak, untuk memungkinkan otak yang membengkak mendapat ruang untuk mengembang, sehingga terjadi pengurangan tekanan di dalam tengkorak (dekompresi). Prosedur ini sering dilakukan pada korban dan stroke, yang tidak responsif terhadap terapi lain. Ada yang menganggap penggunaan operasi ini sebagai prosedur yang kontroversial. (in) La craniectomia decompressiva è una tecnica neurochirurgica impiegata nel trattamento dell'ipertensione endocranica. Si tratta di un intervento di emergenza effettuato nei casi più critici allo scopo di migliorare la circolazione cerebrale e prevenire complicanze come l' ed ischemie. (it) A craniectomia descompressiva é um procedimento neurocirúrgico em que parte do osso craniano é removido, para permitir que uma porção cerebral inchada se expanda sem ser comprimida. É realizado em vítimas de traumatismo cranioencefálico, acidente vascular cerebral e outras condições associadas à pressão intracraniana elevada. (pt) قطع القحف المخفف للضغط (بالإنجليزية: Decompressive craniectomy) هو إجراء جراحي على الجهاز العصبي يُزال فيه جزء من الجمجمة للسماح بتمدد الدماغ المتورم دون انضغاطه. تُجرى هذه الجراحة على ضحايا الأذيات الدماغية الرضية والنشبات وتشوه آرنولد خياري وفي حالات أخرى تترافق مع ارتفاع الضغط داخل القحف. ما يزال اللجوء إلى هذه الجراحة مثار جدل بين المختصين. (ar) Decompressive craniectomy (crani- + -ectomy) is a neurosurgical procedure in which part of the skull is removed to allow a swelling brain room to expand without being squeezed. It is performed on victims of traumatic brain injury, stroke, Chiari Malformation, and other conditions associated with raised intracranial pressure. Use of the surgery is controversial. (en) |
| rdfs:label |
قطع القحف المخفف للضغط (ar) Decompressive craniectomy (en) Craniectomía descompresiva (es) Kraniektomi dekompresi (in) Craniectomia decompressiva (it) Craniectomia descompressiva (pt) |
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