Cray Y-MP (original) (raw)
El Cray Y-MP fue un supercomputador vendido por Cray Research a partir de 1988, y el sucesor del X-MP de la compañía. El Y-MP mantenía compatibilidad de software con el X-MP, pero amplió el registro de direcciones de 24 a 32 bits. Se utilizó tecnología de alta densidad VLSI ECL y se creó un nuevo sistema de refrigeración. El Y-MP corría el sistema operativo Cray UNICOS.
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| dbo:abstract | The Cray Y-MP was a supercomputer sold by Cray Research from 1988, and the successor to the company's X-MP. The Y-MP retained software compatibility with the X-MP, but extended the address registers from 24 to 32 bits. High-density VLSI ECL technology was used and a new liquid-cooling system was devised. The Y-MP ran the Cray UNICOS operating system. The Y-MP could be equipped with two, four or eight vector processors, with two functional units each and a clock cycle time of 6 ns (167 MHz). Peak performance was thus 333 megaflops per processor. Main memory comprised 128, 256 or 512 MB of SRAM. The original Y-MP (otherwise known as the Y-MP Model D) was housed in a chassis similar to the horseshoe-shaped X-MP, but with an extra rectangular cabinet added in the middle (containing the CPU boards), thus forming a "Y" shape in plan view. The system could be configured with one or two Model D IOSs (Input/Output Subsystems) and an optional Solid State Disk (SSD) of 256 MB to 4GB capacity. The Y-MP had a measured GFLOPS of 2.144 and a peak GFLOPS of 2.667 in both 1988 and 1989. The Model D Y-MP was superseded in 1990 by the Y-MP Model E, which replaced IOS Model D with IOS Model E, providing twice the I/O throughput. The Y-shaped chassis was dropped in favor of one or two rectangular cabinets (each with a separate connected cabinet containing the liquid-cooling system), depending on configuration. Maximum RAM was increased to 2 GB and up to eight IOSs were possible. Model E variants included the Y-MP 2E, Y-MP 4E, Y-MP 8E and Y-MP 8I, the latter being a single-cabinet (I for Integrated) version of the two-cabinet 8E. The 2E and 4E were later available with optional secondary air cooling. The Y-MP M90 was a large-memory variant of the Y-MP Model E introduced in 1992. This replaced the SRAM of the Y-MP with up to 32 GB of slower, but physically smaller DRAM devices. The Y-MP M90 was also available in variants with up to two, four or eight processors (M92, M94 and M98 respectively). Later, the model name was abbreviated to the Cray M90 series. The Y-MP C90 series is described separately. (en) El Cray Y-MP fue un supercomputador vendido por Cray Research a partir de 1988, y el sucesor del X-MP de la compañía. El Y-MP mantenía compatibilidad de software con el X-MP, pero amplió el registro de direcciones de 24 a 32 bits. Se utilizó tecnología de alta densidad VLSI ECL y se creó un nuevo sistema de refrigeración. El Y-MP corría el sistema operativo Cray UNICOS. (es) Cray Y-MPは、クレイ・リサーチ社が1988年に発売したスーパーコンピュータであり、同社のX-MPの後継機種である。 (ja) Il Cray Y-MP era un supercomputer prodotto dalla Cray Research nel 1988 ed era il successore del X-MP. L'Y-Mp era compatibile con il software per X-MP ma gli indirizzi vennero estesi da 24 bit a 32 bit. Venne utilizzata una tecnologia VLSI ECL e un nuovo sistema di raffreddamento a liquido. L'Y-MP utilizzava il sistema operativo UNICOS. L'Y-MP veniva equipaggiato con due, quattro o otto processori vettoriali con due unità funzionali per processore e un tempo di clock di 6 ns (167 MHz). Di picco ogni processore generava 333 MegaFLOPS. La memoria poteva essere 128, 356 o 512 MB di SRAM. L'originario Y-MP (conosciuto anche come Y-MP Model D) venne inserito in chassis simile a quello dell'X-MP con l'aggiunta di cabinet aggiuntivi per contenere le schede CPU. L'insieme degli chassis formavano una figura a Y guardando dall'alto il sistema. Il sistema poteva venir configurato con uno o due Model D IOS (Input/Output Subsystems) e un disco opzionale allo stato solido da 256 MB fino a 4 GB di capacità. Il modello D Y-MP venne superato nel 1990 dall'Y-MP Model E che rimpiazzò IOS Model D con IOS Model E che raddoppiava la velocità di I/O. Lo chassis a forma di Y venne sostituito da un cabinet rettangolare (con un cabinet opzionale per il sistema di raffreddamento per ogni chassis). La memoria RAM massima venne portata da 2 GB a 8 GB grazie al nuovo sistema IOS. Le varianti del Model E includevano l'Y-MP 2E, Y-MP 4E, Y-MP 8E e Y-MP 8I. Il modello I (I da Integrated) era una versione del modello 8E che invece di utilizzare due cabinet ne utilizzava uno solo. I modelli 2E e 4E erano disponibili con una seconda unità opzionale di raffreddamento ad aria. Il modello Y-MP C90, conosciuto poi come Cray C90, fu prodotto nel 1991. Il C90 derivava dall'architettura del Cray Y-MP. Rispetto all'Y-MP il processore del C90 aveva una pipeline vettoriale doppia e un clock più rapido (4.1 ns o 244 MHz) che combinati permettevano al processore di triplicare le prestazioni del predecessore. Il massimo numero di processori gestiti dal sistema vennero raddoppiati portandoli a 16. La serie C90 utilizzava lo stesso Model E IOS (Input/Output Subsystem) e il sistema operativo UNICOS dei primi Y-MP Modello E L'Y-MP M90 era una versione dotata di più memoria del Y-MP Model E introdotto nel 1992. Il modello rimpiazzò la memoria SRAM dell'Y-MP con DRAM, la memoria DRAM era più lenta della SRAM ma poteva venir integrata molto portando la memoria a 32 GB. Il modello Y-MP M90 era disponibile in configurazioni con due, quattro o otto processori (M92, M94 e M98). In seguito i modelli vennero chiamati serie M90. Inoltre nel 1992 la Cray lanciò la versione ridotta Y-MP El (Entry Level). Il modello implementava l'architettura Y-MP con la tecnologia CMOS grazie al progetto S-2 sviluppato dalla , ditta che Cray acquistò. Il modello EL era basato su raffreddamento ad aria e utilizzava un bus VMEbus per il sistema IOS. EL era disponibile in configurazione da uno a quattro processori (con prestazioni di picco di 133 MegaFLOPS) e con memoria DRAM da 32 MB a 1 GB. Il modello Y-MP EL venne sviluppato nella serie (EL92, EL94 e EL98). (it) O Cray Y-MP foi um supercomputador vendido pela Cray Research em 1988 e o sucessor do X-MP da empresa. O Y-MP manteve a compatibilidade do software com o X-MP, mas estendeu os registros de endereço de 24 para 32 bits. Foi utilizada a tecnologia VLSI ECL de alta densidade e um novo sistema de refrigeração líquida foi desenvolvido. O Y-MP executou o sistema operacional Cray UNICOS. (pt) Cray Y-MP — параллельный векторный многопроцессорный суперкомпьютер (PVP/SMP) производства компании Cray Research, созданный в 1988 году как преемник предыдущей модели — X-MP. Большой вклад в разработку Y-MP внес ведущий инженер компании Cray Research Стив Чен до своего ухода из компании в сентябре 1987 года. (ru) |
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| rdfs:comment | El Cray Y-MP fue un supercomputador vendido por Cray Research a partir de 1988, y el sucesor del X-MP de la compañía. El Y-MP mantenía compatibilidad de software con el X-MP, pero amplió el registro de direcciones de 24 a 32 bits. Se utilizó tecnología de alta densidad VLSI ECL y se creó un nuevo sistema de refrigeración. El Y-MP corría el sistema operativo Cray UNICOS. (es) Cray Y-MPは、クレイ・リサーチ社が1988年に発売したスーパーコンピュータであり、同社のX-MPの後継機種である。 (ja) O Cray Y-MP foi um supercomputador vendido pela Cray Research em 1988 e o sucessor do X-MP da empresa. O Y-MP manteve a compatibilidade do software com o X-MP, mas estendeu os registros de endereço de 24 para 32 bits. Foi utilizada a tecnologia VLSI ECL de alta densidade e um novo sistema de refrigeração líquida foi desenvolvido. O Y-MP executou o sistema operacional Cray UNICOS. (pt) Cray Y-MP — параллельный векторный многопроцессорный суперкомпьютер (PVP/SMP) производства компании Cray Research, созданный в 1988 году как преемник предыдущей модели — X-MP. Большой вклад в разработку Y-MP внес ведущий инженер компании Cray Research Стив Чен до своего ухода из компании в сентябре 1987 года. (ru) The Cray Y-MP was a supercomputer sold by Cray Research from 1988, and the successor to the company's X-MP. The Y-MP retained software compatibility with the X-MP, but extended the address registers from 24 to 32 bits. High-density VLSI ECL technology was used and a new liquid-cooling system was devised. The Y-MP ran the Cray UNICOS operating system. The Y-MP could be equipped with two, four or eight vector processors, with two functional units each and a clock cycle time of 6 ns (167 MHz). Peak performance was thus 333 megaflops per processor. Main memory comprised 128, 256 or 512 MB of SRAM. (en) Il Cray Y-MP era un supercomputer prodotto dalla Cray Research nel 1988 ed era il successore del X-MP. L'Y-Mp era compatibile con il software per X-MP ma gli indirizzi vennero estesi da 24 bit a 32 bit. Venne utilizzata una tecnologia VLSI ECL e un nuovo sistema di raffreddamento a liquido. L'Y-MP utilizzava il sistema operativo UNICOS. L'Y-MP veniva equipaggiato con due, quattro o otto processori vettoriali con due unità funzionali per processore e un tempo di clock di 6 ns (167 MHz). Di picco ogni processore generava 333 MegaFLOPS. La memoria poteva essere 128, 356 o 512 MB di SRAM. (it) |
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