A-weighting (original) (raw)
A-weighting is the most commonly used of a family of curves defined in the International standard IEC 61672:2003 and various national standards relating to the measurement of sound pressure level. A-weighting is applied to instrument-measured sound levels in an effort to account for the relative loudness perceived by the human ear, as the ear is less sensitive to low audio frequencies. It is employed by arithmetically adding a table of values, listed by octave or third-octave bands, to the measured sound pressure levels in dB. The resulting octave band measurements are usually added (logarithmic method) to provide a single A-weighted value describing the sound; the units are written as dB(A). Other weighting sets of values – B, C, D and now Z – are discussed below.
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| dbo:abstract | La ponderació A o Decibel A o dB A és la més utilitzada d'una definides a l'estàndard internacional IEC 61672:2003 i diverses normes nacionals relacionades amb la mesura del nivell de pressió acústica. La ponderació A s'aplica als nivells de so mesurats amb l'instrument en un esforç per tenir en compte la sonoritat relativa percebuda per l'oïda humana, ja que l'oïda és menys sensible a les freqüències d'àudio baixes. S'utilitza afegint aritmèticament una taula de valors, llistats per bandes d' o tercers d'octava, als nivells de pressió sonora mesurats en dB. Les mesures de la banda d'octava resultants se solen afegir (mètode logarítmic) per proporcionar un únic valor ponderat A que descriu el so; les unitats s'escriuen com a dB(A). A continuació es comenten altres conjunts de valors de ponderació (B, C, D i ara Z). Les corbes es van definir originalment per utilitzar-les a diferents nivells de so mitjans, tot i que originalment només estava pensada per a la mesura de sons de baix nivell (al voltant de 40 fon), ara s'utilitza habitualment per a la mesura del soroll ambiental i . així com a l'hora d'avaluar possibles i altres efectes sobre la salut del soroll a tots els nivells sonors; de fet, l'ús de la ponderació de la freqüència A és ara obligatori per a totes aquestes mesures, perquè dècades d'experiència de camp han demostrat una molt bona correlació amb la sordesa ocupacional en el rang de freqüències de la parla humana. També s'utilitza quan es mesura el soroll de baix nivell en equips d'àudio, especialment als Estats Units. A Gran Bretanya, Europa i moltes altres parts del món, les emissores i els enginyers d'àudio utilitzen més sovint la , que es va desenvolupar a la dècada de 1960 a partir de la investigació de la BBC i altres organitzacions. Aquesta investigació va demostrar que les nostres orelles responen de manera diferent al soroll aleatori, i les corbes d'igualtat de sonoritat en què es basaven les ponderacions A, B i C només són vàlides per a tons únics purs. (ca) A-weighting is the most commonly used of a family of curves defined in the International standard IEC 61672:2003 and various national standards relating to the measurement of sound pressure level. A-weighting is applied to instrument-measured sound levels in an effort to account for the relative loudness perceived by the human ear, as the ear is less sensitive to low audio frequencies. It is employed by arithmetically adding a table of values, listed by octave or third-octave bands, to the measured sound pressure levels in dB. The resulting octave band measurements are usually added (logarithmic method) to provide a single A-weighted value describing the sound; the units are written as dB(A). Other weighting sets of values – B, C, D and now Z – are discussed below. The curves were originally defined for use at different average sound levels, but A-weighting, though originally intended only for the measurement of low-level sounds (around 40 phon), is now commonly used for the measurement of environmental noise and industrial noise, as well as when assessing potential hearing damage and other noise health effects at all sound levels; indeed, the use of A-frequency-weighting is now mandated for all these measurements, because decades of field experience have shown a very good correlation with occupational deafness in the frequency range of human speech. It is also used when measuring low-level noise in audio equipment, especially in the United States. In Britain, Europe and many other parts of the world, broadcasters and audio engineers more often use the ITU-R 468 noise weighting, which was developed in the 1960s based on research by the BBC and other organizations. This research showed that our ears respond differently to random noise, and the equal-loudness curves on which the A, B and C weightings were based are really only valid for pure single tones. (en) Die Frequenzbewertung ist ein Verfahren zur frequenzabhängigen Anpassung von Schalldruckpegeln in der Akustik. Hierbei werden die Messgrößen durch ein bewertendes Filter gewichtet, das den Frequenzgang des menschlichen Gehörs berücksichtigt und somit die Messwerte dem menschlichen Hörempfinden anpasst. Die Frequenzbewertung ist ein frequenzabhängiger Abzug bzw. Zuschlag vom ermittelten Pegel und wird bewerteter Schalldruckpegel genannt, welcher als dB(X) oder mit dBX angegeben wird. Das Symbol X steht dabei für den im jeweiligen Fall konkret eingesetzten Bewertungsfilter. In praktischen Anwendungen üblich sind die A-Bewertung, ausgedrückt in dB(A), und bei hohem Schalldruckpegel eine C-Bewertung in dB(C). Die B- und D-Bewertung sind aus der zugrundeliegenden Norm für Schallpegelmessgeräte IEC 61672:2003 entfernt worden und besitzen nur noch eine historische Bedeutung. (de) La curva di pesatura A riferita al decibel è nata a seguito degli studi di e degli anni trenta sulla risposta dell'orecchio umano rispetto alla composizione dei suoni in livelli e frequenza (curve isofoniche). Queste curve (sperimentali) mostrano una diversa sensazione dell'orecchio a diverse frequenze per livelli sonori uguali. Ovvero per ottenere la medesima sensazione occorrono a diverse frequenze diversi livelli. È per questo che non tutte le frequenze possono essere ritenute equivalenti ai fini della sensazione e quindi del disturbo. Si è pensato quindi di apportare delle correzioni allo spettro sonoro rilevato ai fini di ottenere in un unico valore un dato significativo rispetto alla risposta umana. Si scelse di conseguenza come curva di ponderazione quella della risposta equivalente dell'orecchio ai 40 dBSPL e 1000 Hz. Tale curva è stata denominata curva A ed è per questo che tutte le valutazioni di livelli sonori che hanno come scopo quello di misurare il disturbo o comunque l'effetto di un suono o rumore sull'uomo esprimono tali livelli in dB (A). (it) De dB(A) is de eenheid waarin de sterkte van het geluid in verreweg de meeste gevallen wordt weergegeven. De dB(A) is afgeleid van de gewone decibel, maar corrigeert de geluidssterktes voor de gevoeligheid van het (menselijk) oor. Deze is namelijk voor de verschillende frequenties van het geluid niet gelijk. In de figuur hiernaast is deze weging weergegeven. Bij 1000 Hz wordt geen correctie uitgevoerd, de weging is daar 0 dB. Bij 10 Hz (helemaal links in de grafiek) bedraagt de weging -70 dB. Dat betekent dat een mens een toon van 10 Hz veel zachter hoort dan een toon van 1000 Hz met dezelfde fysische geluidssterkte, namelijk 70 dB zachter. Mensen zijn dan ook bijna doof voor zulke lage tonen. Een verhoging van de geluidssterkte met 1 dB is voor het menselijk gehoor bij heel goed concentreren en luisteren nog nét waarneembaar. (nl) |
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| rdfs:comment | A-weighting is the most commonly used of a family of curves defined in the International standard IEC 61672:2003 and various national standards relating to the measurement of sound pressure level. A-weighting is applied to instrument-measured sound levels in an effort to account for the relative loudness perceived by the human ear, as the ear is less sensitive to low audio frequencies. It is employed by arithmetically adding a table of values, listed by octave or third-octave bands, to the measured sound pressure levels in dB. The resulting octave band measurements are usually added (logarithmic method) to provide a single A-weighted value describing the sound; the units are written as dB(A). Other weighting sets of values – B, C, D and now Z – are discussed below. (en) Die Frequenzbewertung ist ein Verfahren zur frequenzabhängigen Anpassung von Schalldruckpegeln in der Akustik. Hierbei werden die Messgrößen durch ein bewertendes Filter gewichtet, das den Frequenzgang des menschlichen Gehörs berücksichtigt und somit die Messwerte dem menschlichen Hörempfinden anpasst. Die Frequenzbewertung ist ein frequenzabhängiger Abzug bzw. Zuschlag vom ermittelten Pegel und wird bewerteter Schalldruckpegel genannt, welcher als dB(X) oder mit dBX angegeben wird. Das Symbol X steht dabei für den im jeweiligen Fall konkret eingesetzten Bewertungsfilter. In praktischen Anwendungen üblich sind die A-Bewertung, ausgedrückt in dB(A), und bei hohem Schalldruckpegel eine C-Bewertung in dB(C). Die B- und D-Bewertung sind aus der zugrundeliegenden Norm für Schallpegelmessgeräte (de) La curva di pesatura A riferita al decibel è nata a seguito degli studi di e degli anni trenta sulla risposta dell'orecchio umano rispetto alla composizione dei suoni in livelli e frequenza (curve isofoniche). Si scelse di conseguenza come curva di ponderazione quella della risposta equivalente dell'orecchio ai 40 dBSPL e 1000 Hz. Tale curva è stata denominata curva A ed è per questo che tutte le valutazioni di livelli sonori che hanno come scopo quello di misurare il disturbo o comunque l'effetto di un suono o rumore sull'uomo esprimono tali livelli in dB (A). (it) De dB(A) is de eenheid waarin de sterkte van het geluid in verreweg de meeste gevallen wordt weergegeven. De dB(A) is afgeleid van de gewone decibel, maar corrigeert de geluidssterktes voor de gevoeligheid van het (menselijk) oor. Deze is namelijk voor de verschillende frequenties van het geluid niet gelijk. In de figuur hiernaast is deze weging weergegeven. Bij 1000 Hz wordt geen correctie uitgevoerd, de weging is daar 0 dB. Bij 10 Hz (helemaal links in de grafiek) bedraagt de weging -70 dB. Dat betekent dat een mens een toon van 10 Hz veel zachter hoort dan een toon van 1000 Hz met dezelfde fysische geluidssterkte, namelijk 70 dB zachter. Mensen zijn dan ook bijna doof voor zulke lage tonen. (nl) |
| rdfs:label | Decibel A (ca) Frequenzbewertung (de) A-weighting (en) Pesatura A (it) DB(A) (nl) |
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