Definitions of science fiction (original) (raw)

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There have been many attempts at defining science fiction. This is a list of definitions that have been offered by authors, editors, critics and fans over the years since science fiction became a genre. Definitions of related terms such as "science fantasy", "speculative fiction", and "fabulation" are included where they are intended as definitions of aspects of science fiction or because they illuminate related definitions—see e.g. Robert Scholes's definitions of "fabulation" and "structural fabulation" below. Some definitions of sub-types of science fiction are included, too; for example see David Ketterer's definition of "philosophically-oriented science fiction". In addition, some definitions are included that define, for example, a science fiction story, rather than science fiction it

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dbo:abstract There have been many attempts at defining science fiction. This is a list of definitions that have been offered by authors, editors, critics and fans over the years since science fiction became a genre. Definitions of related terms such as "science fantasy", "speculative fiction", and "fabulation" are included where they are intended as definitions of aspects of science fiction or because they illuminate related definitions—see e.g. Robert Scholes's definitions of "fabulation" and "structural fabulation" below. Some definitions of sub-types of science fiction are included, too; for example see David Ketterer's definition of "philosophically-oriented science fiction". In addition, some definitions are included that define, for example, a science fiction story, rather than science fiction itself, since these also illuminate an underlying definition of science fiction. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction, edited by John Clute and Peter Nicholls, contains an extensive discussion of the problem of definition, under the heading "Definitions of SF". The authors regard Darko Suvin's definition as having been most useful in catalysing academic debate, though they consider disagreements to be inevitable as science fiction is not homogeneous. Suvin's cited definition, dating from 1972, is: "a literary genre whose necessary and sufficient conditions are the presence and interaction of estrangement and cognition, and whose main formal device is an imaginative framework alternative to the author's empirical environment". The authors of the Encyclopedia article—Brian Stableford, Clute, and Nicholls—explain that, by "cognition", Suvin refers to the seeking of rational understanding, while his concept of estrangement is similar to the idea of alienation developed by Bertolt Brecht, that is, a means of making the subject matter recognizable while also seeming unfamiliar. Tom Shippey compared George Orwell's Coming Up for Air (1939) with Frederik Pohl and C. M. Kornbluth's The Space Merchants (1952), and concluded that the basic building block and distinguishing feature of a science fiction novel is the presence of the novum, a term Darko Suvin adapted from Ernst Bloch and defined as "a discrete piece of information recognizable as not-true, but also as not-unlike-true, not-flatly- (and in the current state of knowledge) impossible." The order of the quotations is chronological; quotations without definite dates are listed last. The list below omits Hugo Gernsback's later redefining of the term "science fiction". According to anthologist, populist and historian of the genre Sam Moskowitz (1920–1997), Gernback's final words on the matter were: "Science fiction is a form of popular entertainment which contains elements of known, extrapolation of known or logical theoretical science". The list also omits John W. Campbell's infamous "Science fiction is what I say it is". (en) SF를 정의하려는 수많은 시도가 있었다. 이 문서는 SF가 장르로 정립된 이후 작가, 편집자, 평론가, 들에 의해 시도된 정의의 목록이다. "사이언스 판타지", "사변 소설", "우화 소설fabulation" 등 연관된 용어에 대한 정의들 역시 그것들이 과학소설의 요소들을 정의하거나 관련된 정의를 조명할 경우 포함되어 있다.(예시로 아래에서 로버트 스콜즈의 "우화 소설"과 "구조적 우화 소설"에 대한 정의를 보라.) SF의 하위 유형에 관한 몇몇 정의들 또한 포함됐다.(예시로 데이비드 케터러의 "철학 지향적 과학 소설philosophically oriented science fiction"에 대한 정의를 보라.) 아울러 SF 그 자체보다는 SF 이야기를 정의하는 몇몇 정의들도 포함됐는데, 그것이 SF의 가장 기본적인 정의를 조명하기 때문이다. 와 가 편찬한 《SF 백과사전 The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction》은 "SF의 정의"라는 표제하에 정의의 문제에 관한 광범위한 논의를 담고 있다. 저자들은 비록 SF가 균질적이지 않다는 점에서 발생하는 불가피한 의견 차이를 고려하긴 했지만, 학술적 토론을 촉진시키는 데 가장 유용하게 쓰인 의 정의를 숙고했다. 사전에서 인용한 수빈의 정의는 1972년 만들어진 것으로 내용은 다음과 같다. "SF는 소격과 인지가 대면하고 상호 작용하며, 작가의 경험적 환경을 대체하는 상상적 틀이 주요한 형식적 장치일 것이 필요충분 조건인 문학 장르." 《백과사전》 해당 문서의 저자들-, 클루트, 니컬스-은 설명하길, 수빈이 말하는 "인지"는 합리적인 이해의 추구를 의미하며, 그의 소격 개념은 베르톨트 브레히트가 개발한 소외 개념과 비슷한데, 즉 소재의 제조 방법은 낯설어 보이면서도 인식 가능하다. 인용문은 연대순으로 나열됐다. 연대 불명의 인용문은 마지막에 배치했다. 아래 목록은 "science fiction" 용어에 관한 건백(Gernback)의 재정의는 제외했다. 장르계의 명문집 편집자이자 포퓰리스트, 역사가인 (1920-1997)에 따르면, 이 문제에 관한 건백의 마지막 말은 다음과 같았다. "SF는 지식, 지식의 외삽법, 혹은 논리적 이론 과학의 요소를 포함한 인기있는 엔터테인먼트 형식이다." 목록은 또한 존 W. 캠벨의 악명 높은 정의 "내가 SF라고 부르는 것이 SF다"도 제외했다. (ko)
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rdfs:comment There have been many attempts at defining science fiction. This is a list of definitions that have been offered by authors, editors, critics and fans over the years since science fiction became a genre. Definitions of related terms such as "science fantasy", "speculative fiction", and "fabulation" are included where they are intended as definitions of aspects of science fiction or because they illuminate related definitions—see e.g. Robert Scholes's definitions of "fabulation" and "structural fabulation" below. Some definitions of sub-types of science fiction are included, too; for example see David Ketterer's definition of "philosophically-oriented science fiction". In addition, some definitions are included that define, for example, a science fiction story, rather than science fiction it (en) SF를 정의하려는 수많은 시도가 있었다. 이 문서는 SF가 장르로 정립된 이후 작가, 편집자, 평론가, 들에 의해 시도된 정의의 목록이다. "사이언스 판타지", "사변 소설", "우화 소설fabulation" 등 연관된 용어에 대한 정의들 역시 그것들이 과학소설의 요소들을 정의하거나 관련된 정의를 조명할 경우 포함되어 있다.(예시로 아래에서 로버트 스콜즈의 "우화 소설"과 "구조적 우화 소설"에 대한 정의를 보라.) SF의 하위 유형에 관한 몇몇 정의들 또한 포함됐다.(예시로 데이비드 케터러의 "철학 지향적 과학 소설philosophically oriented science fiction"에 대한 정의를 보라.) 아울러 SF 그 자체보다는 SF 이야기를 정의하는 몇몇 정의들도 포함됐는데, 그것이 SF의 가장 기본적인 정의를 조명하기 때문이다. (ko)
rdfs:label Definitions of science fiction (en) SF의 정의 (ko)
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