Robert A. Heinlein (original) (raw)
Robert Anson Heinlein (Butler, Missouri, 7 de juliol del 1907 - Carmel, Califòrnia, 8 de maig del 1988) fou un escriptor estatunidenc. Escrigué bàsicament novel·les de ciència-ficció. Guanyà el premi Hugo quatre vegades. Probablement els seus escrits més coneguts són els llibres Starship Troopers (1959, premi Hugo), del qual se'n feu una pel·lícula, i (1961, premi Hugo). Els altres dos premis Hugo foren per (1956) i (1966). Juntament amb Isaac Asimov i Arthur C. Clarke, se'l considera un dels tres millors autors de ciència-ficció.
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| dbo:abstract | Robert Anson Heinlein (7. července 1907, , Missouri, USA – 8. května 1988, , Kalifornie, USA) byl jeden z nejvlivnějších a nejkontroverznějších spisovatelů science fiction. Společně s A. C. Clarkem a Isaacem Asimovem byli v americké literatuře známi jako „Velká trojka science fiction“ (Big Three). Počátky jeho díla jsou spojovány s obdobím Zlatého věku science fiction. Byl prvním spisovatelem sci-fi, který pronikl i do nefantastických magazínů. Hlavní témata jeho práce byla sociální: radikální individualismus, svobodná vůle, náboženství, vztah mezi fyzickou a emocionální láskou a spekulace o poněkud neortodoxních rodinných vztazích. Během svého života získal Heinlein mnohá ocenění – jeho romány byly mimo jiné oceněny čtveřicí Hugů, další tři tato ocenění – tzv. Retro Hugo – byla udělena zpětně za roky, kdy ještě tato cena neexistovala. Roku 1974 se stal prvním, kdo obdržel ocenění za celoživotní zásluhy o žánr fantastické literatury, známé dnes jako Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award (Velmistr žánru). (cs) Robert Anson Heinlein (Butler, Missouri, 7 de juliol del 1907 - Carmel, Califòrnia, 8 de maig del 1988) fou un escriptor estatunidenc. Escrigué bàsicament novel·les de ciència-ficció. Guanyà el premi Hugo quatre vegades. Probablement els seus escrits més coneguts són els llibres Starship Troopers (1959, premi Hugo), del qual se'n feu una pel·lícula, i (1961, premi Hugo). Els altres dos premis Hugo foren per (1956) i (1966). Juntament amb Isaac Asimov i Arthur C. Clarke, se'l considera un dels tres millors autors de ciència-ficció. (ca) روبرت أنسون هيينلين ( /ˈhaɪnlaɪn/ HYN-lyn؛ 7 يوليو، 1907 – 8 مايو، 1988) هو كاتب أمريكي متخصص في الخيال العلمي. غالبًا ما يطلق عليه لقب «عميد كتاب الخيال العلمي»، وقد كان واحدًا من الكتاب الأكثر تأثيرًا وإثارةً للجدل لهذا النوع في وقته. وضع روبرت معيارًا للمعقول العلمي والهندسي، وساعد في رفع مستويات الجودة الأدبية لهذا النوع من الروايات. كما يُعد من أوائل كتاب الخيال العلمي الذين اقتحموا صفحات المجلات الرئيسية مثل صحيفة مساء السبت (The Saturday Evening Post) في أواخر الأربعينيات. كما كان واحدًا من روائيين الخيال العلمي ذوي الروايات الأكثر مبيعًا لعدة عقود. كان كلاً روبرت، وإسحاق اسيموف، وآرثر تشارلز كلارك معروفين بلقب «الثلاثة الكبار» في الخيال العلمي. كان هيينلين، كاتبًا بارزًا لقصص قصيرة عن الخيال العلمي، واحدًا من مجموعة من الكتاب الذين ظهروا على الساحة تحت رئاسة تحرير جون دبليو كامبل، الابن في مجلة الخيال العلمي المذهلة ــ على الرغم من أن هيينلين نفى أن يكون كامبل قد أثر على كتاباته بأي درجة كبيرة. في إطار قصص الخيال العلمي التي كتبها، تناول هيينلين مرارًا وتكرارًا مواضيع اجتماعية بعينها: أهمية حرية الفرد والاعتماد على النفس، والتزام الأفراد الذي يدينون به لمجتمعاتهم، وتأثير الدين المنظم على الثقافة والحكومة، وميل المجتمع لقمع الفكر الانشقاقي (nonconformist). كما تناول أيضًا العلاقة بين الحب الجسدي والعاطفي، وكشف النقاب عن التركيبات الأسرية المختلفة غير التقليدية، وتكهن بتأثير السفر في الفضاء على الممارسات الإنسانية الثقافية. أدى نهجه في هذه المواضيع لآراء متباينة بدرجة كبيرة حول وجهات النظر التي يطرحها من خلال رواياته. فازت أربعة من روايات هيينلين بجوائز هوغو (Hugo Award)، فضلاً عن ثلاثة روايات نالت جوائز «ريترو هوغو» (Retro Hugos)، بعد خمسين عامًا من النشر، تم منح الجوائز بأثر رجعي للسنوات التي لم يتم فيها منح جوائز هوغو. كما فاز بجائزة غراند ماستر (Grand Master Award) الأولى، التي قدمها كتاب الخيال العلمي بأمريكا (Science Fiction Writers of America)، للإبداعات التي قدمها في حياته. صاغ هيينلين في رواياته كلمات أصبحت جزءًا من اللغة الإنجليزية، بما في ذلك «جروك» (grok) و«والدو» (waldo)، والمصطلح الشائع بين الناس «تانستافل» (TANSTAAFL) (لا يوجد شيء مجانًا). (ar) Robert Anson Heinlein (* 7. Juli 1907 in Butler, Missouri; † 9. Mai 1988 in Carmel-by-the-Sea, Kalifornien) war ein amerikanischer Science-Fiction-Schriftsteller. (de) Robert Anson HEINLEIN (naskiĝis la 7-an de julio 1907, mortis la 8-an de majo 1988) estis unu el la plej influaj usonaj verkistoj de sciencfikcio. "Stranger in a Strange Land" (Esperante "Fremdulo en fremda lando") estas lia plej fama libro, sed li verkis multajn aliajn librojn. (eo) Robert Anson Heinlein (1907ko uztailaren 7a, Butler, Missouri - 1988ko maiatzaren 8a, Carmel-by-the-Sea, Kalifornia) estatubatuar zientzia-fikzioako eleberrigile bat da. Lau irabazle, bere idazlan nabarmenen artean honakoak daude: (1956), (1959), (1962) eta (1966). Maisu Handi izendatu zuen. (eu) Robert Anson Heinlein (/ˈhaɪnlaɪn/ Butler, Misuri; 7 de julio de 1907 - Carmel, California; 8 de mayo de 1988) fue un escritor estadounidense de ciencia ficción. Ganó cuatro premios Hugo por Estrella doble (1956), Tropas del espacio (1960), Forastero en tierra extraña (1962) y La Luna es una cruel amante (1967). Fue elegido en 1974 Gran Maestro por la Asociación de escritores de ciencia ficción y fantasía de Estados Unidos (SFWA), convirtiéndose así en el primer galardonado con esta distinción. Habitualmente riguroso en cuanto a la base científica en sus historias, incluso sus historias de fantasía contienen una estructura científica lógica. Una de las características que definen su escritura fue el introducir en la temática de la ciencia ficción la administración, la política, la economía, la lingüística, la sociología y la genética. Fue también uno de los abanderados del individualismo, lo cual quedaba reflejado en la riqueza de los personajes (ejemplo claro es Lazarus Long), tanto en conocimientos, como en habilidades. Otro de los temas recurrentes en este autor es cuestionar las costumbres contemporáneas, culturales, sociales y sexuales, describiendo sociedades con ideales bastante alejados de los de la sociedad occidental de su época. Estas ideas se reflejan en varios de sus libros, como en Forastero en tierra extraña o (1980). Un relato que sobresale por su predicción social fue Solución incompleta (1940), en la que predice que durante la creación inicial de armas atómicas, en Estados Unidos se creería que será el arma definitiva de control mundial. Y en el mismo relato se predice también la "amenaza nuclear" por la que muchos países se abstendrían de usar la guerra –y estas armas– ante la inminente destrucción tanto propia como de su contrincante. (es) Robert Anson Heinlein [ˈɹɑbəɹt ˈænsən ˈhaɪnlaɪn], né le 7 juillet 1907 à Butler dans le Missouri et mort le 8 mai 1988 à Carmel-by-the-Sea en Californie, est un écrivain américain de science-fiction. Parfois surnommé le « doyen des écrivains de science-fiction », il a écrit des ouvrages, parfois controversés, qui continuent d'influencer le genre de la science-fiction et plus généralement la culture moderne. À la fin des années 1940, Heinlein devient l'un des premiers écrivains de science-fiction américains à sortir du pulp pour être publié dans des magazines grand public tels que The Saturday Evening Post. Ses écrits furent des succès d'édition pendant de nombreuses décennies. À ce titre, il fait partie, avec Isaac Asimov et Arthur C. Clarke, des « Trois Grands » (Big Three) auteurs de science-fiction de langue anglaise. Parmi ses œuvres les plus remarquables on peut citer Étoiles, garde-à-vous ! (Starship Troopers, 1959), En terre étrangère (Stranger in a Strange Land, 1961) et Révolte sur la Lune (The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress, 1966). (fr) Bhí Robert Anson Heinlein, nó Robert A. Heinlein mar is fearr atá aithne ag an saol mór air, ar dhuine de chlasaicigh an fhicsin eolaíochta ó lár na fichiú haoise ar aghaidh. Chuir sé béim ar leith ar an innealtóireacht agus ar an teicneolaíocht mar chuid den scéalaíocht, ach san am céanna, rinne sé iarrachtaí dúthrachtacha le cur le feabhas an chineál seo scríbhneoireachta mar litríocht. Nuair a bhí sé óg, thacaigh sé le Nua-Bheartas Franklin Delano Roosevelt, ach faoi thionchar na heagla a chuir an tAontas Sóivéadach ar mhuintir na Stát Aontaithe i rith na gcaogaidí, chuaigh sé i bhfad ar deis agus chun míleatachais ina chuid tuairimí. Ina lán leabhar dár scríobh sé, thug sé le tuiscint nach raibh meas an mhadra aige ar aon fhear a dhiúltódh do ghunna a láimhseáil. Mar sin, bhí sé ina ábhar mór conspóide ag an nglúin de scríbhneoirí ficsin eolaíochta a tháinig ar an bhfód i ndiaidh na seascaidí. (ga) Robert Anson Heinlein (7 Juli 1907 – 8 Mei 1988) adalah salah satu penulis paling berpengaruh dan kontroversial dalam genre fiksi ilmiah. Dia menjadi penulis fiksi ilmiah pertama yang berhasil diterima majalah umum besar pada tahun 1940-an dengan fiksi-fiksi ilmiah murni, dan fiksi ilmiah panjang yang menjadi bestseller pada tahun 1960-an. Tema-tema utama dalam karya Heinlein adalah sosial: individualisme yang radikal, libertarianisme, agama, hubungan antara cinta fisikal dan emosional, dan spekulasi mengenai hubungan keluarga yang tak biasa. (in) Robert Anson Heinlein (/ˈhaɪnlaɪn/; July 7, 1907 – May 8, 1988) was an American science fiction author, aeronautical engineer, and naval officer. Sometimes called the "dean of science fiction writers", he was among the first to emphasize scientific accuracy in his fiction, and was thus a pioneer of the subgenre of hard science fiction. His published works, both fiction and non-fiction, express admiration for competence and emphasize the value of critical thinking. His plots often posed provocative situations which challenged conventional social mores. His work continues to have an influence on the science-fiction genre, and on modern culture more generally. Heinlein became one of the first American science-fiction writers to break into mainstream magazines such as The Saturday Evening Post in the late 1940s. He was one of the best-selling science-fiction novelists for many decades, and he, Isaac Asimov, and Arthur C. Clarke are often considered the "Big Three" of English-language science fiction authors. Notable Heinlein works include Stranger in a Strange Land, Starship Troopers (which helped mold the space marine and mecha archetypes) and The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress. His work sometimes had controversial aspects, such as plural marriage in The Moon is a Harsh Mistress, militarism in Starship Troopers and technologically competent women characters that were formidable, yet often stereotypically feminine—such as Friday. A writer also of many science-fiction short stories, Heinlein was one of a group of writers who came to prominence under the editorship (1937–1971) of John W. Campbell at Astounding Science Fiction magazine, though Heinlein denied that Campbell influenced his writing to any great degree. Heinlein used his science fiction as a way to explore provocative social and political ideas and to speculate how progress in science and engineering might shape the future of politics, race, religion, and sex.Within the framework of his science-fiction stories, Heinlein repeatedly addressed certain social themes: the importance of individual liberty and self-reliance, the nature of sexual relationships, the obligation individuals owe to their societies, the influence of organized religion on culture and government, and the tendency of society to repress nonconformist thought. He also speculated on the influence of space travel on human cultural practices. Heinlein was named the first Science Fiction Writers Grand Master in 1974. Four of his novels won Hugo Awards. In addition, fifty years after publication, seven of his works were awarded "Retro Hugos"—awards given retrospectively for works that were published before the Hugo Awards came into existence. In his fiction, Heinlein coined terms that have become part of the English language, including grok, waldo and speculative fiction, as well as popularizing existing terms like "TANSTAAFL", "pay it forward", and "space marine". He also anticipated mechanical computer-aided design with "Drafting Dan" and described a modern version of a waterbed in his novel Beyond This Horizon. Several of Heinlein's works have been adapted for film and television. (en) 로버트 앤슨 하인라인(Robert Anson Heinlein, 1907년 7월 7일 ~ 1988년 5월 8일)은 미국의 작가이다. 하인라인은 가장 유명하고 영향력 있는 동시에 논쟁적인 하드 SF 작가였다. 그의 작품은 동시대 작가들이 거의 충족시키지 못했던 높은 과학적·공학적 개연성을 갖추고 있었고, 장르의 문학적 수준을 끌어올리는 데도 크게 기여했다. 그는 순수한 과학 소설로 1940년대 후반에 새터데이 이브닝 포스트 같은 일반 주류잡지에 글을 실었던 최초의 작가이기도 했다. 그는 지금과 같은 매스마켓 시대에서 장편 길이의 과학소설로 베스트셀러를 기록한 초기 작가들 가운데 한 사람으로서, 아이작 아시모프, 아서 C. 클라크와 함께 SF문학계의 "삼대 거물"(Big Three)로 여겨진다. (ko) ロバート・アンスン・ハインライン（Robert Anson Heinlein、1907年7月7日 - 1988年5月8日）は、アメリカのSF作家。SF界を代表する作家の一人で「SF界の長老（the dean of science fiction writers）」とも呼ばれ、影響を受けたSF作家も数多いが、物議を醸した作品も多い。科学技術の考証を高水準にし、SFというジャンルの文学的質を上げることにも貢献した。他のSF作家がSF雑誌に作品を載せるなか、ハインラインは1940年代から自分の作品を「サタデー・イブニング・ポスト」等の一般紙に載せた。この結果としてSFの大衆化が進んだのは、ハインラインの功績の一つである。SF小説でベストセラーを産んだ最初の作家でもある。アイザック・アシモフ、アーサー・C・クラークと並んで、世界SF界のビッグスリーとも呼ばれていた。アンスン・マクドナルド（Anson MacDonald）、ライル・モンロー（Lyle Monroe）などの名義で執筆していた時期もある（いずれも中・短編）。 SF短編小説の名手でもあり、アスタウンディング誌の編集長ジョン・W・キャンベルが鍛えた作家の1人である。但し、ハインライン自身はキャンベルの影響を否定している。 初期には未来史シリーズなど、科学小説としてのSFを書いていたが次第に社会性を強め、『宇宙の戦士』では軍国主義を賛美する兵士の描写があったことから右翼と呼ばれ、一方の社会主義者の名残が表れている『月は無慈悲な夜の女王』では左翼と呼ばれるなど多彩な顔を持った。中でも宗教やポリアモリーを扱った『異星の客』の反響は大きく、ヒッピーの経典と崇められ、ファンが分かれたという。『異星の客』中の「グロク（grok）」という造語が『オックスフォード英語辞典』に掲載されたり、更にはマンソン・ファミリーが実際のカルト活動で『異星の客』中の宗教をまねたりもした。 『宇宙の戦士』『（太陽系帝国の危機）』『異星の客』『月は無慈悲な夜の女王』でヒューゴー賞を計4回受賞（いずれも長編小説部門）。アメリカSFファンタジー作家協会は1回目のグランド・マスター賞をハインラインに授与した。 ロマンティックなタイム・トラベル物『夏への扉』は特に日本において人気の高い作品であり、SFファンのオールタイム・ベスト投票では、度々ベスト1作品になっている。しかしアメリカにおいては『月は無慈悲な夜の女王』と『異星の客』がクローズアップされることが多く『夏への扉』は日本での限定的な人気にとどまっている。 (ja) Robert Anson Heinlein (Butler (Missouri), 7 juli 1907 – Carmel-by-the-Sea (Californië), 8 mei 1988) was een van de invloedrijkste Amerikaanse sciencefictionschrijvers. Samen met Isaac Asimov en Arthur Clarke behoorde hij tot de 'grote drie' van de sciencefiction uit de 20e eeuw. (nl) Robert Anson Heinlein (ur. 7 lipca 1907 w Butler, zm. 8 maja 1988 w Carmel-by-the-Sea) – amerykański pisarz, klasyk amerykańskiej fantastyki naukowej. Używał także pseudonimów Anson MacDonald oraz Lyle Monroe. (pl) Robert Anson Heinlein ([ˈhaɪnlaɪn]; Butler, 7 luglio 1907 – Carmel-by-the-Sea, 8 maggio 1988) è stato uno scrittore di fantascienza statunitense, tra i più influenti del suo tempo. Firma di Heinlein. Sviluppatore di nuovi temi, tecniche e approcci, negli anni quaranta fu uno dei protagonisti dell'età d'oro della fantascienza e negli anni sessanta il primo a pubblicare romanzi di fantascienza che scalarono la classifica dei best seller. I temi principali del suo lavoro sono a sfondo sociale: individualismo radicale, libertarismo, religione, , sperimentalismo politico, relazione tra amore fisico e amore romantico, separazione della sfera pubblica da quella privata e speculazioni su relazioni sociali e familiari non-ortodosse. (it) Ро́берт Э́нсон Ха́йнлайн (англ. Robert Anson Heinlein; 7 июля 1907 года, Батлер, Миссури, США — 8 мая 1988 года, Кармел-бай-те-Си, Калифорния, США) — американский писатель, сценарист и футуролог, один из крупнейших писателей-фантастов, во многом определивший лицо современной научной фантастики. Его называют «деканом писателей-фантастов». Хайнлайн стал первым профессиональным писателем-фантастом США и одним из первых, кто стал публиковаться в крупных популярных изданиях, например, «The Saturday Evening Post» в конце 1940-х годов. Его первые рассказы появились в журнале «Astounding Science Fiction» в 1939 году, он относился к группе писателей, ставших известными благодаря редактору «Astounding» Джону Кэмпбеллу. Карьера писателя длилась почти полстолетия, в своём творчестве Хайнлайн затронул многие темы, в том числе социальные и философские: индивидуальную свободу, ответственность индивида перед обществом, роль и формат семьи, природу организованной религии и многие другие. В англо-американской литературной традиции Роберта Хайнлайна вместе с Артуром Кларком и Айзеком Азимовым относят к «Большой тройке» писателей-фантастов. Он стал обладателем престижных премий «Хьюго» и «Небьюла», единственным писателем, получившим «Хьюго» за пять романов. В его честь названы астероид и кратер на Марсе. (ru) Robert Anson Heinlein, född 7 juli 1907 i Butler i Missouri, död 8 maj 1988 i Carmel i Kalifornien, var en amerikansk science fiction-författare. Robert A Heinlein brukar tillsammans med Isaac Asimov och Arthur C. Clarke räknas till de mest betydelsefulla moderna författarna i genren. Huvudteman i hans olika verk var individualism, libertarianism, religion, förhållandet mellan fysisk och emotionell kärlek och tankar kring ovanliga familjekonstellationer. (sv) Robert Anson Heinlein (Butler, 7 de julho de 1907 — Carmel, 8 de maio de 1988) foi um escritor de ficção científica norte-americano, engenheiro aeronáutico e oficial da marinha. Algumas vezes chamado de "reitor dos escritores de ficção cientifica", ele esteve entre os primeiros a ressaltar a precisão científica em sua ficção, e foi, portanto um pioneiro do subgênero da "ficção científica hard". Suas obras publicadas, ambas as de ficção e as de não ficção, expressam admiração por competência e enfatizam o valor do pensamento crítico. Seus enredos frequentemente incluíam situações provocativas que desafiavam as convenções sociais. Seu trabalho continua a ter uma influência no gênero de ficção científica e na cultura moderna de uma forma geral. Heinlein se tornou um dos primeiros americanos a invadir revistas mainstream como a The Saturday Evening Post no final da década de 40. Ele foi um dos romancistas de ficção científica mais vendidos por muitas décadas, e ele, junto de Isaac Asimov e Arthur C. Clarke são considerados os "três grandes" ("Big Three") dos autores de ficção científica de língua inglesa. Notáveis trabalhos de Heinlein incluem Um estranho numa terra estranha, Tropas Estelares (que ajudou a moldar os arquétipos de "Space Marine" ("Fuzileiro Espacial") e "Mechas" ("Armaduras Mecanizadas")) e The Moon is a Harsh Mistress (sem publicação no Brasil até o momento). Seu trabalho às vezes continha aspectos controversos, como casamento plural em The Moon is a Harsh Mistress, militarismo em Tropas Estelares e personagens femininas competentes tecnologicamente, mas muitas vezes estereotipadas como Friday. Produziu 56 contos e 30 romances, ainda hoje seus livros vendem mais de 100 mil cópias por ano. (pt) 羅伯特·安森·海萊恩（英語：Robert Anson Heinlein，1907年7月7日－1988年5月8日），美國硬科幻小說作家，人稱「科幻先生」（Mr. SF）。他的作品被认为在科学和工程方面有相当可信度，也帮助提高了对科幻类作品的科学准确性的要求标准。 海萊恩是1940年代晚期将无修饰科幻小说打入一般主流杂志（《星期六晚邮报》）的第一位科幻小说作家。他是1960年代最畅销长篇科幻小说的頭几名作家之一，與艾萨克·阿西莫夫和阿瑟·克拉克並稱为「科幻小说三巨头」(Big Three)，因為他們承繼古典科幻小說精神後，在40~60年代發表大量的硬科幻小說奠基了後代的科幻小說發展。海萊恩共獲得5次星云奖，加上3次追授共獲得7次雨果奖。星雲獎獎項主辦方美國科幻和奇幻作家協會更是於1974年將首届授予海萊恩，并於次年正式頒獎，以表彰其在科幻奇幻領域的終生成就與貢獻。 海萊恩作品的主要題材包括：極端個人主義、自由意志主義、獨我論、宗教、精神和肉體之愛的關係以及對全新家庭結構關係的猜測，等等。由於他對這些題材獨數一格的寫作風格，外界對他作品的反應往往截然相反：他於1951年發表的《星船傘兵》被指責為宣揚法西斯和軍國主義，1961年發表的《異鄉異客》則出乎意料地被認爲鼓吹性解放和反文化。 (zh) Ро́берт Е́нсон Гайнла́йн (англ. Robert Anson Heinlein; 7 липня 1907, Батлер, Міссурі, США — 8 травня 1988, Кармел-бай-те-Сі, Каліфорнія, США) — один з найвідоміших письменників-фантастів, який мав суттєвий вплив на формування сучасної наукової фантастики. В англомовній літературі Гайнлайна, разом з Артуром Кларком та Айзеком Азімовим зараховують до «Великої трійки» письменників-фантастів. Гайнлайн — перший лауреат найпрестижнішої премії фантастики за заслуги перед жанром Гросмейстер фантастики (1975) та одним з перших введений до Залу слави наукової фантастики (1998). Він також є єдиним шестиразовим володарем престижної премії «Г'юго» в номінації «найкращий роман» та нагороджений іншими помітними преміями — журналу Локус, «Прометей», «Секвоя» (The Sequoyah Children's Book Award), премією бібліотечної асоціації тощо. На честь письменника названі астероїд, кратер на Марсі та 2 премії — Премія імені Роберта Гайнлайна та Премія Гайнлайна за успіхи в комерціалізації космосу, ще одна премія — «Райслінг» — названа на честь персонажа його твору. (uk) |
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| dbp:caption | Robert Heinlein at the 1976 World Science Fiction Convention in Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA. (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Robert Anson Heinlein (Butler, Missouri, 7 de juliol del 1907 - Carmel, Califòrnia, 8 de maig del 1988) fou un escriptor estatunidenc. Escrigué bàsicament novel·les de ciència-ficció. Guanyà el premi Hugo quatre vegades. Probablement els seus escrits més coneguts són els llibres Starship Troopers (1959, premi Hugo), del qual se'n feu una pel·lícula, i (1961, premi Hugo). Els altres dos premis Hugo foren per (1956) i (1966). Juntament amb Isaac Asimov i Arthur C. Clarke, se'l considera un dels tres millors autors de ciència-ficció. (ca) Robert Anson Heinlein (* 7. Juli 1907 in Butler, Missouri; † 9. Mai 1988 in Carmel-by-the-Sea, Kalifornien) war ein amerikanischer Science-Fiction-Schriftsteller. (de) Robert Anson HEINLEIN (naskiĝis la 7-an de julio 1907, mortis la 8-an de majo 1988) estis unu el la plej influaj usonaj verkistoj de sciencfikcio. "Stranger in a Strange Land" (Esperante "Fremdulo en fremda lando") estas lia plej fama libro, sed li verkis multajn aliajn librojn. (eo) Robert Anson Heinlein (1907ko uztailaren 7a, Butler, Missouri - 1988ko maiatzaren 8a, Carmel-by-the-Sea, Kalifornia) estatubatuar zientzia-fikzioako eleberrigile bat da. Lau irabazle, bere idazlan nabarmenen artean honakoak daude: (1956), (1959), (1962) eta (1966). Maisu Handi izendatu zuen. (eu) Robert Anson Heinlein (7 Juli 1907 – 8 Mei 1988) adalah salah satu penulis paling berpengaruh dan kontroversial dalam genre fiksi ilmiah. Dia menjadi penulis fiksi ilmiah pertama yang berhasil diterima majalah umum besar pada tahun 1940-an dengan fiksi-fiksi ilmiah murni, dan fiksi ilmiah panjang yang menjadi bestseller pada tahun 1960-an. Tema-tema utama dalam karya Heinlein adalah sosial: individualisme yang radikal, libertarianisme, agama, hubungan antara cinta fisikal dan emosional, dan spekulasi mengenai hubungan keluarga yang tak biasa. (in) 로버트 앤슨 하인라인(Robert Anson Heinlein, 1907년 7월 7일 ~ 1988년 5월 8일)은 미국의 작가이다. 하인라인은 가장 유명하고 영향력 있는 동시에 논쟁적인 하드 SF 작가였다. 그의 작품은 동시대 작가들이 거의 충족시키지 못했던 높은 과학적·공학적 개연성을 갖추고 있었고, 장르의 문학적 수준을 끌어올리는 데도 크게 기여했다. 그는 순수한 과학 소설로 1940년대 후반에 새터데이 이브닝 포스트 같은 일반 주류잡지에 글을 실었던 최초의 작가이기도 했다. 그는 지금과 같은 매스마켓 시대에서 장편 길이의 과학소설로 베스트셀러를 기록한 초기 작가들 가운데 한 사람으로서, 아이작 아시모프, 아서 C. 클라크와 함께 SF문학계의 "삼대 거물"(Big Three)로 여겨진다. (ko) Robert Anson Heinlein (Butler (Missouri), 7 juli 1907 – Carmel-by-the-Sea (Californië), 8 mei 1988) was een van de invloedrijkste Amerikaanse sciencefictionschrijvers. Samen met Isaac Asimov en Arthur Clarke behoorde hij tot de 'grote drie' van de sciencefiction uit de 20e eeuw. (nl) Robert Anson Heinlein (ur. 7 lipca 1907 w Butler, zm. 8 maja 1988 w Carmel-by-the-Sea) – amerykański pisarz, klasyk amerykańskiej fantastyki naukowej. Używał także pseudonimów Anson MacDonald oraz Lyle Monroe. (pl) Robert Anson Heinlein ([ˈhaɪnlaɪn]; Butler, 7 luglio 1907 – Carmel-by-the-Sea, 8 maggio 1988) è stato uno scrittore di fantascienza statunitense, tra i più influenti del suo tempo. Firma di Heinlein. Sviluppatore di nuovi temi, tecniche e approcci, negli anni quaranta fu uno dei protagonisti dell'età d'oro della fantascienza e negli anni sessanta il primo a pubblicare romanzi di fantascienza che scalarono la classifica dei best seller. I temi principali del suo lavoro sono a sfondo sociale: individualismo radicale, libertarismo, religione, , sperimentalismo politico, relazione tra amore fisico e amore romantico, separazione della sfera pubblica da quella privata e speculazioni su relazioni sociali e familiari non-ortodosse. (it) Robert Anson Heinlein, född 7 juli 1907 i Butler i Missouri, död 8 maj 1988 i Carmel i Kalifornien, var en amerikansk science fiction-författare. Robert A Heinlein brukar tillsammans med Isaac Asimov och Arthur C. Clarke räknas till de mest betydelsefulla moderna författarna i genren. Huvudteman i hans olika verk var individualism, libertarianism, religion, förhållandet mellan fysisk och emotionell kärlek och tankar kring ovanliga familjekonstellationer. (sv) 羅伯特·安森·海萊恩（英語：Robert Anson Heinlein，1907年7月7日－1988年5月8日），美國硬科幻小說作家，人稱「科幻先生」（Mr. SF）。他的作品被认为在科学和工程方面有相当可信度，也帮助提高了对科幻类作品的科学准确性的要求标准。 海萊恩是1940年代晚期将无修饰科幻小说打入一般主流杂志（《星期六晚邮报》）的第一位科幻小说作家。他是1960年代最畅销长篇科幻小说的頭几名作家之一，與艾萨克·阿西莫夫和阿瑟·克拉克並稱为「科幻小说三巨头」(Big Three)，因為他們承繼古典科幻小說精神後，在40~60年代發表大量的硬科幻小說奠基了後代的科幻小說發展。海萊恩共獲得5次星云奖，加上3次追授共獲得7次雨果奖。星雲獎獎項主辦方美國科幻和奇幻作家協會更是於1974年將首届授予海萊恩，并於次年正式頒獎，以表彰其在科幻奇幻領域的終生成就與貢獻。 海萊恩作品的主要題材包括：極端個人主義、自由意志主義、獨我論、宗教、精神和肉體之愛的關係以及對全新家庭結構關係的猜測，等等。由於他對這些題材獨數一格的寫作風格，外界對他作品的反應往往截然相反：他於1951年發表的《星船傘兵》被指責為宣揚法西斯和軍國主義，1961年發表的《異鄉異客》則出乎意料地被認爲鼓吹性解放和反文化。 (zh) روبرت أنسون هيينلين ( /ˈhaɪnlaɪn/ HYN-lyn؛ 7 يوليو، 1907 – 8 مايو، 1988) هو كاتب أمريكي متخصص في الخيال العلمي. غالبًا ما يطلق عليه لقب «عميد كتاب الخيال العلمي»، وقد كان واحدًا من الكتاب الأكثر تأثيرًا وإثارةً للجدل لهذا النوع في وقته. وضع روبرت معيارًا للمعقول العلمي والهندسي، وساعد في رفع مستويات الجودة الأدبية لهذا النوع من الروايات. كان هيينلين، كاتبًا بارزًا لقصص قصيرة عن الخيال العلمي، واحدًا من مجموعة من الكتاب الذين ظهروا على الساحة تحت رئاسة تحرير جون دبليو كامبل، الابن في مجلة الخيال العلمي المذهلة ــ على الرغم من أن هيينلين نفى أن يكون كامبل قد أثر على كتاباته بأي درجة كبيرة. (ar) Robert Anson Heinlein (7. července 1907, , Missouri, USA – 8. května 1988, , Kalifornie, USA) byl jeden z nejvlivnějších a nejkontroverznějších spisovatelů science fiction. Společně s A. C. Clarkem a Isaacem Asimovem byli v americké literatuře známi jako „Velká trojka science fiction“ (Big Three). Počátky jeho díla jsou spojovány s obdobím Zlatého věku science fiction. Byl prvním spisovatelem sci-fi, který pronikl i do nefantastických magazínů. Hlavní témata jeho práce byla sociální: radikální individualismus, svobodná vůle, náboženství, vztah mezi fyzickou a emocionální láskou a spekulace o poněkud neortodoxních rodinných vztazích. (cs) Robert Anson Heinlein (/ˈhaɪnlaɪn/ Butler, Misuri; 7 de julio de 1907 - Carmel, California; 8 de mayo de 1988) fue un escritor estadounidense de ciencia ficción. Ganó cuatro premios Hugo por Estrella doble (1956), Tropas del espacio (1960), Forastero en tierra extraña (1962) y La Luna es una cruel amante (1967). Fue elegido en 1974 Gran Maestro por la Asociación de escritores de ciencia ficción y fantasía de Estados Unidos (SFWA), convirtiéndose así en el primer galardonado con esta distinción. (es) Bhí Robert Anson Heinlein, nó Robert A. Heinlein mar is fearr atá aithne ag an saol mór air, ar dhuine de chlasaicigh an fhicsin eolaíochta ó lár na fichiú haoise ar aghaidh. Chuir sé béim ar leith ar an innealtóireacht agus ar an teicneolaíocht mar chuid den scéalaíocht, ach san am céanna, rinne sé iarrachtaí dúthrachtacha le cur le feabhas an chineál seo scríbhneoireachta mar litríocht. (ga) Robert Anson Heinlein (/ˈhaɪnlaɪn/; July 7, 1907 – May 8, 1988) was an American science fiction author, aeronautical engineer, and naval officer. Sometimes called the "dean of science fiction writers", he was among the first to emphasize scientific accuracy in his fiction, and was thus a pioneer of the subgenre of hard science fiction. His published works, both fiction and non-fiction, express admiration for competence and emphasize the value of critical thinking. His plots often posed provocative situations which challenged conventional social mores. His work continues to have an influence on the science-fiction genre, and on modern culture more generally. (en) Robert Anson Heinlein [ˈɹɑbəɹt ˈænsən ˈhaɪnlaɪn], né le 7 juillet 1907 à Butler dans le Missouri et mort le 8 mai 1988 à Carmel-by-the-Sea en Californie, est un écrivain américain de science-fiction. Parfois surnommé le « doyen des écrivains de science-fiction », il a écrit des ouvrages, parfois controversés, qui continuent d'influencer le genre de la science-fiction et plus généralement la culture moderne. (fr) ロバート・アンスン・ハインライン（Robert Anson Heinlein、1907年7月7日 - 1988年5月8日）は、アメリカのSF作家。SF界を代表する作家の一人で「SF界の長老（the dean of science fiction writers）」とも呼ばれ、影響を受けたSF作家も数多いが、物議を醸した作品も多い。科学技術の考証を高水準にし、SFというジャンルの文学的質を上げることにも貢献した。他のSF作家がSF雑誌に作品を載せるなか、ハインラインは1940年代から自分の作品を「サタデー・イブニング・ポスト」等の一般紙に載せた。この結果としてSFの大衆化が進んだのは、ハインラインの功績の一つである。SF小説でベストセラーを産んだ最初の作家でもある。アイザック・アシモフ、アーサー・C・クラークと並んで、世界SF界のビッグスリーとも呼ばれていた。アンスン・マクドナルド（Anson MacDonald）、ライル・モンロー（Lyle Monroe）などの名義で執筆していた時期もある（いずれも中・短編）。 SF短編小説の名手でもあり、アスタウンディング誌の編集長ジョン・W・キャンベルが鍛えた作家の1人である。但し、ハインライン自身はキャンベルの影響を否定している。 (ja) Robert Anson Heinlein (Butler, 7 de julho de 1907 — Carmel, 8 de maio de 1988) foi um escritor de ficção científica norte-americano, engenheiro aeronáutico e oficial da marinha. Algumas vezes chamado de "reitor dos escritores de ficção cientifica", ele esteve entre os primeiros a ressaltar a precisão científica em sua ficção, e foi, portanto um pioneiro do subgênero da "ficção científica hard". Suas obras publicadas, ambas as de ficção e as de não ficção, expressam admiração por competência e enfatizam o valor do pensamento crítico. Seus enredos frequentemente incluíam situações provocativas que desafiavam as convenções sociais. Seu trabalho continua a ter uma influência no gênero de ficção científica e na cultura moderna de uma forma geral. (pt) Ро́берт Э́нсон Ха́йнлайн (англ. Robert Anson Heinlein; 7 июля 1907 года, Батлер, Миссури, США — 8 мая 1988 года, Кармел-бай-те-Си, Калифорния, США) — американский писатель, сценарист и футуролог, один из крупнейших писателей-фантастов, во многом определивший лицо современной научной фантастики. Его называют «деканом писателей-фантастов». (ru) Ро́берт Е́нсон Гайнла́йн (англ. Robert Anson Heinlein; 7 липня 1907, Батлер, Міссурі, США — 8 травня 1988, Кармел-бай-те-Сі, Каліфорнія, США) — один з найвідоміших письменників-фантастів, який мав суттєвий вплив на формування сучасної наукової фантастики. В англомовній літературі Гайнлайна, разом з Артуром Кларком та Айзеком Азімовим зараховують до «Великої трійки» письменників-фантастів. Гайнлайн — перший лауреат найпрестижнішої премії фантастики за заслуги перед жанром Гросмейстер фантастики (1975) та одним з перших введений до Залу слави наукової фантастики (1998). Він також є єдиним шестиразовим володарем престижної премії «Г'юго» в номінації «найкращий роман» та нагороджений іншими помітними преміями — журналу Локус, «Прометей», «Секвоя» (The Sequoyah Children's Book Award), премією б (uk) |
| rdfs:label | Robert A. Heinlein (en) روبرت أنسون هاينلاين (ar) Robert A. Heinlein (ca) Robert Anson Heinlein (cs) Robert A. Heinlein (de) Ρόμπερτ Χάινλαϊν (el) Robert A. Heinlein (eo) Robert A. Heinlein (es) Robert A. Heinlein (eu) Robert Anson Heinlein (ga) Robert A. Heinlein (in) Robert A. Heinlein (fr) Robert A. Heinlein (it) ロバート・A・ハインライン (ja) 로버트 A. 하인라인 (ko) Robert Heinlein (nl) Robert A. Heinlein (pl) Robert A. Heinlein (pt) Хайнлайн, Роберт (ru) Robert A. Heinlein (sv) 羅伯特·海萊因 (zh) Роберт Гайнлайн (uk) |
| rdfs:seeAlso | dbr:On_the_Writing_of_Speculative_Fiction |
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| foaf:name | Robert A. Heinlein (en) |
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| is dbo:creator of | dbr:Lazarus_Long |
| is dbo:influenced of | dbr:Alfred_Korzybski |
| is dbo:influencedBy of | dbr:David_D._Friedman |
| is dbo:spouse of | dbr:Virginia_Heinlein |
| is dbo:wikiPageDisambiguates of | dbr:Robert dbr:Heinlein dbr:Rah |
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| is dbo:writer of | dbr:Project_Moonbase dbr:Destination_Moon_(film) |
| is dbp:author of | dbr:Methuselah's_Children dbr:Tunnel_in_the_Sky dbr:Between_Planets dbr:Beyond_This_Horizon dbr:Revolt_in_2100 dbr:Double_Star dbr:The_Menace_from_Earth dbr:Nothing_Ever_Happens_on_the_Moon dbr:"If_This_Goes_On—" dbr:"—And_He_Built_a_Crooked_House—" dbr:The_Number_of_the_Beast_(novel) dbr:The_Worlds_of_Robert_A._Heinlein dbr:Clyde_Tombaugh dbr:Glory_Road dbr:The_Puppet_Masters dbr:The_Notebooks_of_Lazarus_Long dbr:Orphans_of_the_Sky dbr:Starship_Troopers dbr:Friday_(novel) dbr:Space_Cadet dbr:Starman_Jones dbr:Stranger_in_a_Strange_Land dbr:Have_Space_Suit—Will_Travel dbr:Job:_A_Comedy_of_Justice dbr:Poor_Daddy dbr:The_Man_Who_Sold_the_Moon dbr:All_You_Zombies dbr:Farmer_in_the_Sky dbr:Farnham's_Freehold dbr:For_Us,_the_Living dbr:The_Door_into_Summer dbr:Rocket_Ship_Galileo dbr:The_Green_Hills_of_Earth dbr:The_Green_Hills_of_Earth_(short_story_collection) dbr:The_Moon_Is_a_Harsh_Mistress dbr:Red_Planet_(novel) dbr:Requiem_(short_story) dbr:Time_Enough_for_Love dbr:Time_for_the_Stars dbr:A_Bathroom_of_Her_Own dbr:A_Tenderfoot_in_Space dbr:Waldo_&_Magic,_Inc. dbr:Assignment_in_Eternity dbr:Space_Jockey dbr:Citizen_of_the_Galaxy dbr:Grumbles_from_the_Grave dbr:The_Unpleasant_Profession_of_Jonathan_Hoag dbr:Magic,_Inc. dbr:The_Rolling_Stones_(novel) dbr:Waldo_(short_story) dbr:The_Unpleasant_Profession_of_Jonathan_Hoag_(collection) dbr:—We_Also_Walk_Dogs dbr:Expanded_Universe_(book) dbr:I_Will_Fear_No_Evil dbr:Off_the_Main_Sequence dbr:Podkayne_of_Mars dbr:To_Sail_Beyond_the_Sunset dbr:The_Menace_from_Earth_(short_story_collection) dbr:The_Man_Who_Sold_the_Moon_(short_story_collection) dbr:The_Cat_Who_Walks_Through_Walls dbr:Water_Is_for_Washing dbr:The_Fantasies_of_Robert_A._Heinlein dbr:Variable_Star dbr:Take_Back_Your_Government dbr:The_Star_Beast dbr:Tramp_Royale |
| is dbp:editor of | dbr:Tomorrow,_the_Stars |
| is dbp:eponym of | dbr:Heinlein_(crater) |
| is dbp:influences of | dbr:David_D._Friedman |
| is dbp:screenplay of | dbr:Project_Moonbase |
| is dbp:spouse of | dbr:Virginia_Heinlein |
| is rdfs:seeAlso of | dbr:Sixth_Column |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Robert_A._Heinlein |
