Traditionalist School (architecture) (original) (raw)
المدرسة المتمسكة بالتقاليد أو التقليدانية (بالهولندية: Traditionalisme ؛ بالإنجليزية: The Traditionalist School) طراز معماري ظهر في هولندا بعد الحرب العالمية الأولى، كرد فعل ضد العمارة الوظيفية كما هو في العمارة التعبيرية في مدرسة أمستردام. كان المعمار الهولندي Marinus Jan Granpré Molière أحد أهم رواده. وقد اُطلق على المدرسة بعد عام 1945 اسم «مدرسة دلفت». كانت المدرسة معنية بإحياء التقاليد والعمارة الوطنية والحضرية، حيث يظهر فيها استخدام الطوب، مع أقل حد ممكن من الزخرفة، وباستخدام مواد طبيعية وتقليدية.
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| dbo:abstract | المدرسة المتمسكة بالتقاليد أو التقليدانية (بالهولندية: Traditionalisme ؛ بالإنجليزية: The Traditionalist School) طراز معماري ظهر في هولندا بعد الحرب العالمية الأولى، كرد فعل ضد العمارة الوظيفية كما هو في العمارة التعبيرية في مدرسة أمستردام. كان المعمار الهولندي Marinus Jan Granpré Molière أحد أهم رواده. وقد اُطلق على المدرسة بعد عام 1945 اسم «مدرسة دلفت». كانت المدرسة معنية بإحياء التقاليد والعمارة الوطنية والحضرية، حيث يظهر فيها استخدام الطوب، مع أقل حد ممكن من الزخرفة، وباستخدام مواد طبيعية وتقليدية. (ar) Der Traditionalismus in der Architektur ist eine Strömung, die am Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts in Mittel- und Nordeuropa aufgekommen ist. In den Niederlanden ist der Baustil bekannt geworden im Zusammenhang mit der Delfter Schule (1925–1955). In Deutschland und Skandinavien entstanden bedeutende Bauwerke des Traditionalismus. Der Stuttgarter Hauptbahnhof von Paul Bonatz ist ein Beispiel der sogenannten Stuttgarter Schule. In Stuttgart entstand 1933 auch die traditionalistische Kochenhofsiedlung als Gegenmodell zur Weißenhofsiedlung aus dem Jahr 1927, die im kubistischen Stil der aufkommenden modernen Architektur gebaut wurde. Der architektonische Traditionalismus findet auch in der heutigen Zeit häufig Verwendung, vor allem, seit durch die Postmoderne die Verwendung klassischer Architektursprache wieder populär wurde. Daneben existiert der Begriff der Traditionellen Architektur, der vor allem regionale Bauarten beschreibt. (de) Traditionalist architecture is an architectural movement in Europe since the beginning of the 20th century in the Netherlands, Scandinavia, Germany et al. In the Netherlands Traditionalism was a reaction to the Neo Gothic and Neo-Renaissance styles by Pierre Cuypers (Rijksmuseum Amsterdam 1885, Centraal Station Amsterdam 1889). One of the first influential buildings of Traditionalism was the Beurs van Berlage in Amsterdam, finished in 1903. Since the 1920s Traditionalist architecture has been a parallel movement to Modern architecture (Cubist, Constructivist and Expressionist architecture). In Dutch architecture, the Traditionalist School was also a reaction against Functionalism as well as the Expressionism of the Amsterdam School, and meant a revival of rural and national architectural styles and traditions, with tidy, visible brickwork, minimal decoration and "honest" (that is, traditional and natural) materials. It occurred after the First World War and at its center was, as it was called after 1945, the Delft School, led by Marinus Jan Granpré Molière, professor at the Technical University in Delft from 1924 until 1953. Traditionalism can be seen in many ways as a direct successor to Berlage-type Rationalism. It was highly influential on church design up after 1945, especially in Catholic architecture but gaining influence as well on Protestant architecture just before World War Two, especially on architects like Berend Tobia Boeyinga and . During the reconstruction after the war, its influence on secular architecture reached a peak while its importance for church architecture slowly vanished. (en) Il tradizionalismo in architettura, è una definizione utilizzata per indicare un qualsiasi atteggiamento di progressione e difesa dei metodi di costruzione tradizionale. In storia dell'architettura viene a definire diversi gruppi che si mobilitarono nei primi decenni del Novecento, soprattutto in Europa del Nord (Germania; Scandinavia; Paesi Bassi), contro il funzionalismo, e particolarmente nell'architettura olandese, così come la declinazione espressionista della "Scuola di Amsterdam" (per questo indicati anche, di convesso, "Scuola tradizionalista"), significando così una rinascita di stili architettonici ruralisti, nazionali e delle tradizioni, con ordini regolari, mattoni a vista, decorazioni minuziose e materiali del territorio. A seguito della prima guerra mondiale, fu continuato da . Dal 1924 fino al 1953 Molière fu professore al Politecnico di Delft, e il movimento che riunì attorno a sé e alle sue concezioni divenne celebre e definito dal 1945 come la "Scuola di Delft", e visto come una successione razionalista dell'architettura di Berlage. Fu molto influente per quanto riguarda la progettazione di chiese, ma quando diminuì la sua portata nell'architettura sacra raggiunse il picco anche in quella civile. (it) Het traditionalisme is een overkoepelende term voor meerdere architectuurstromingen. Het traditionalisme kwam in de beginjaren van de 20e eeuw op, kende in de jaren 20 en 30 een sterke bloei en nam af in de jaren 50. De Delftse School is de belangrijkste stroming binnen het traditionalisme, waardoor de termen vaak door elkaar gebruikt worden. (nl) |
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| rdfs:comment | المدرسة المتمسكة بالتقاليد أو التقليدانية (بالهولندية: Traditionalisme ؛ بالإنجليزية: The Traditionalist School) طراز معماري ظهر في هولندا بعد الحرب العالمية الأولى، كرد فعل ضد العمارة الوظيفية كما هو في العمارة التعبيرية في مدرسة أمستردام. كان المعمار الهولندي Marinus Jan Granpré Molière أحد أهم رواده. وقد اُطلق على المدرسة بعد عام 1945 اسم «مدرسة دلفت». كانت المدرسة معنية بإحياء التقاليد والعمارة الوطنية والحضرية، حيث يظهر فيها استخدام الطوب، مع أقل حد ممكن من الزخرفة، وباستخدام مواد طبيعية وتقليدية. (ar) Het traditionalisme is een overkoepelende term voor meerdere architectuurstromingen. Het traditionalisme kwam in de beginjaren van de 20e eeuw op, kende in de jaren 20 en 30 een sterke bloei en nam af in de jaren 50. De Delftse School is de belangrijkste stroming binnen het traditionalisme, waardoor de termen vaak door elkaar gebruikt worden. (nl) Der Traditionalismus in der Architektur ist eine Strömung, die am Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts in Mittel- und Nordeuropa aufgekommen ist. In den Niederlanden ist der Baustil bekannt geworden im Zusammenhang mit der Delfter Schule (1925–1955). In Deutschland und Skandinavien entstanden bedeutende Bauwerke des Traditionalismus. Der Stuttgarter Hauptbahnhof von Paul Bonatz ist ein Beispiel der sogenannten Stuttgarter Schule. In Stuttgart entstand 1933 auch die traditionalistische Kochenhofsiedlung als Gegenmodell zur Weißenhofsiedlung aus dem Jahr 1927, die im kubistischen Stil der aufkommenden modernen Architektur gebaut wurde. (de) Traditionalist architecture is an architectural movement in Europe since the beginning of the 20th century in the Netherlands, Scandinavia, Germany et al. In the Netherlands Traditionalism was a reaction to the Neo Gothic and Neo-Renaissance styles by Pierre Cuypers (Rijksmuseum Amsterdam 1885, Centraal Station Amsterdam 1889). One of the first influential buildings of Traditionalism was the Beurs van Berlage in Amsterdam, finished in 1903. Since the 1920s Traditionalist architecture has been a parallel movement to Modern architecture (Cubist, Constructivist and Expressionist architecture). (en) Il tradizionalismo in architettura, è una definizione utilizzata per indicare un qualsiasi atteggiamento di progressione e difesa dei metodi di costruzione tradizionale. In storia dell'architettura viene a definire diversi gruppi che si mobilitarono nei primi decenni del Novecento, soprattutto in Europa del Nord (Germania; Scandinavia; Paesi Bassi), contro il funzionalismo, e particolarmente nell'architettura olandese, così come la declinazione espressionista della "Scuola di Amsterdam" (per questo indicati anche, di convesso, "Scuola tradizionalista"), significando così una rinascita di stili architettonici ruralisti, nazionali e delle tradizioni, con ordini regolari, mattoni a vista, decorazioni minuziose e materiali del territorio. (it) |
| rdfs:label | المدرسة المتمسكة بالتقاليد (عمارة) (ar) Traditionalismus (Architektur) (de) Tradizionalismo (architettura) (it) Traditionalisme (architectuur) (nl) Traditionalist School (architecture) (en) |
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