Dhofar Rebellion (original) (raw)
- Dafárské povstání (arabsky حـرب ظفار) vypuklo v roce 1962 v ománské provincii Dafár proti sultanátu Maskat a Omán, který byl podporován Velkou Británií. Skončilo v roce 1975 porážkou povstalců, avšak stát Omán následně prošel radikálními reformami a modernizací. Na straně Ománu stály mimo Velké Británie i Jordánsko s Íránem. Povstalce tiše podporoval SSSR, o čemž svědčí řada sympatizujících článků v sovětském dobovém tisku. Sultán byl sesazen svým synem Kábúsem bin Saídem za pomoci Britů. (cs)
- ثورة ظفار هي حركة معادية لحكومة سلطنة عمان والاستعمار البريطاني، وظفار هو الإقليم الجنوبي لسلطنة عمان، وظهرت هذه الثورة في عقد الستينات في فترة حكم السلطان سعيد بن تيمور والد السلطان قابوس وامتدت إلى نهاية عام 1975 (بعد 5 سنوات من حكم السلطان قابوس) واخمدت كليا، وكانت هذه الثورة تحمل إيديولوجية اشتراكية شيوعية يدعمها الاتحاد السوفيتي وجمال عبد الناصر عن طريق اليمن الجنوبي الاشتراكي فكان ثوار ظفار يتعلمون ويمولون من قبل الاتحاد السوفييتي عن طريق اليمن الجنوبي البلد المجاور، وبتمويل كل من ليبيا بقيادة معمر القذافي الذي كان يساعد الثوار في ظفار على حكومة عمان هو وبعض الاشتراكيين من الدول العربية وبعد فترة من هذه الثورة قام أهل المنطقة بتسليم سلاحهم لحكومة مسقط واخمدت الثورة الداخلية، وبقيت المناوشات مع اليمن الجنوبي على الحدود في مناطق ضلكوت وصرفيت، لاحقاً انتهت خطورة التوجهات الاشتراكية الشيوعية بانهيار الاتحاد السوفيتي. وعاد ثوار ظفار واتحدوا مع حكومتهم بقيادة السلطان قابوس بن سعيد وأسس جيش خاص بهم يسمى قوات الفرق الوطنية وهو جيش غير نظامي وعددهم يقارب 10000 جندي (ar)
- The Dhofar Rebellion, also known as the Dhofar War or the Omani Civil War, was waged from 1963 to 1976 in the province of Dhofar against the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman. The war began with the formation of the Dhofar Liberation Front, a group which aimed to create an independent state in Dhofar, free from the rule of the Omani Sultan Said bin Taimur. The rebels also held the broader goals of Arab nationalism which included ending British influence in the Persian Gulf region. The war initially took the form of a low level insurgency with guerrilla warfare being used against Omani forces and the foreign presence in the country. A number of factors such as the British withdrawal from Aden and support from China and the Soviet Union brought the rebels increased success, with the communists controlling the entirety of the Jebel region by the late 1960s. The 1970 Omani coup d'état led to the overthrow of Sultan Said bin Taimur by his reformist son Qaboos bin Said who was backed by a major British military intervention in the conflict. The British initiated a "hearts and minds" campaign to counter the communist rebels and began the process of modernising the Sultan of Oman's Armed Forces while simultaneously deploying the Special Air Service to conduct anti-insurgency operations against the rebels. This approach led to a string of victories against the rebels and was boosted by the Shah of Iran's intervention in the conflict to support the Sultanate of Oman in 1973. The war ended with the final defeat of the rebels in 1976. (en)
- La guerra de Dhofar o rebelión de Dhofar fue un intento de revolución iniciado en la provincia homónima contra el Sultanato de Mascate y Omán, que contó con el apoyo británico, de 1962 a 1975. Terminó con la derrota de los rebeldes, pero el estado de Omán tuvo que ser radicalmente reformado y modernizado para hacer frente a la campaña. Los grupos armados rebeldes eran de ideología marxista-leninista que buscaban derrocar al régimen conservador del sultán Said bin Taimur, quién fue depuesto y sucedido por su hijo Qabus bin Said Al Said por un golpe de Estado en 1970. Hasta 1968 los rebeldes lograron sus mayores éxitos, apoderándose de gran parte de la provincia de Dhofar, pero entonces la ayuda británica y de los demás estados árabes se hizo masiva ante el peligro revolucionario en Medio Oriente. A esto se sumó que durante la década de los 1970 los altos precios del petróleo permitieron al gobierno comprar más armamento y poder vencer a los rebeldes, que empezaron a rendirse en masa y muchos de sus líderes se pasaron al bando del gobierno, en 1970 se rindieron 2.000 y en 1973 otros 1.000. El temor a una revolución comunista llevó al despliegue de tropas británicas, iraníes y jordanas, sin las cuales la monarquía no habría podido resistir. (es)
- La guerre du Dhofar ou rébellion du Dhofar est un conflit armé parfois assimilé à une guerre civile et qui a eu lieu au sultanat d'Oman de 1964 à 1976. (fr)
- Pemberontakan Dhofar dilancarkan di provinsi Dhofar melawan Oman dari tahun 1962 hingga 1975. Perang ini berakhir dengan kekalahan pemberontak, tetapi negara Oman terpaksa direformasi dan dimodernisasi agar mampu mengatasi pemberontak. (in)
- La guerra del Dhofar (in arabo: الحرب في ظفار), conosciuta anche come la ribellione del Dhofar (in arabo: ثورة ظفار) o guerra civile dell'Oman (in arabo: الحرب الأهلية العمانية ), si combatté dal 1962 al 1976 tra le milizie indipendentiste della provincia di Dhofar e il sultanato di Mascate e Oman. La guerra iniziò con la formazione del Fronte di Liberazione del Dhofar, un gruppo che mirava a creare uno stato indipendente, libero dal dominio del sultano Sa'id bin Taymur dell'Oman. I ribelli avevano anche obiettivi più ampi, riconducibili nazionalismo arabo che desiderava la fine dell'influenza britannica nella regione del golfo persico. La guerra inizialmente prese la forma di un'insurrezione di basso livello, con dei guerriglieri che combattevano le forze dell'Oman e la presenza straniera nel paese. Numerosi fattori come il ritiro britannico da Aden e il sostegno della Cina e dell'Unione Sovietica portarono ai ribelli un successo maggiore. Alla fine degli anni '60 arrivarono a controllare l'intera regione di Jebel. Il colpo di Stato in Oman del 1970 portò al rovesciamento del sultano Sa'id da parte del figlio riformista Qabus, sostenuto da un importante intervento militare britannico nel conflitto. Gli inglesi iniziarono una campagna di "cuori e menti" per contrastare i ribelli comunisti e avviarono il processo di modernizzazione delle Forze armate omanite schierando contemporaneamente lo Special Air Service per condurre operazioni anti-insurrezione contro i ribelli. Questo approccio portò a una serie di vittorie contro i ribelli. L'intervento dello scià dell'Iran in sostegno al sultano nel 1973 accelerò la fine della ribellione. La guerra terminò con la sconfitta finale dei ribelli nel 1976. (it)
- Wojna w Zufarze – rebelia trwająca od 1962 do 1976 roku w Zufarze będącym częścią Omanu. Rząd Omanu został wsparty militarnie przez Wielką Brytanię i Iran, natomiast rebelianci przez Jemen Południowy. (pl)
- A Rebelião Dofar (em árabe: ثورة ظفار) foi um conflito ocorrido na província de Dofar contra o Sultanato de Mascate e Omã, que contou com o apoio britânico, de 1962 a 1975. O conflito terminou com a derrota dos rebeldes, mas o estado de Omã teve de ser radicalmente reformado e modernizado para lidar com a campanha. (pt)
- 佐法尔叛乱又称阿曼内战,是一场1962年至1976年发生在阿曼苏丹国佐法尔省的叛乱。阿曼政府一方得到英国和伊朗的支持,而亲共的佐法尔叛乱方得到了南也门、苏联、中华人民共和国的支持。最终叛军于1976年7月战败,阿曼苏丹有效控制全境。 1992年4月29日,阿曼政府与流亡也门南部的前佐法尔叛军达成全面和解,1530名前佐法尔叛军官兵编入阿曼军队序列。 (zh)
- Війна в Дофарі (араб. ثورة ظفار) — повстання, розпочате в провінції Дофар проти султанату Маскат і Оману, з 1962 по 1976, що закінчилося поразкою повстанців. (uk)
- Война в Дофаре (араб. الحرب في ظفار ), или Дофарское восстание (араб. ثورة ظفار) и Гражданская война в Омане (араб. الحرب الأهلية العمانية) — восстание в провинции Дофар против Султаната Маскат и Оман с 1962 по 1976 годы, закончившееся поражением мятежников. Необходимость борьбы с повстанцами заставила власти Султаната коренным образом реформировать и модернизировать страну. «Фронт освобождения Дофара» вёл вооружённую борьбу за создание независимого государства. Фронт пользовался негласной поддержкой СССР, о чём свидетельствует ряд сочувственных статей в советской печати того времени. (ru)
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- http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1984/CSA.htm
- https://archive.org/details/stormfront0000whit
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269866653%7C
- https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=f3pV457NIE4C%7Cpublisher=Routledge%7Cyear=2000%7Cisbn=978-0-7146-5001-2
- https://web.archive.org/web/20051228153400/http:/britains-smallwars.com/Desert_song/index.htm
- https://web.archive.org/web/20121003051617/http:/users.ox.ac.uk/~mert1769/Supporting%20Allies%20in%20COIN_wcl2.pdf
- http://web.mit.edu/polisci/people/gradstudents/papers/DeVoreMarc-LastHotWarofColdWar.pdf
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- Dafárské povstání (arabsky حـرب ظفار) vypuklo v roce 1962 v ománské provincii Dafár proti sultanátu Maskat a Omán, který byl podporován Velkou Británií. Skončilo v roce 1975 porážkou povstalců, avšak stát Omán následně prošel radikálními reformami a modernizací. Na straně Ománu stály mimo Velké Británie i Jordánsko s Íránem. Povstalce tiše podporoval SSSR, o čemž svědčí řada sympatizujících článků v sovětském dobovém tisku. Sultán byl sesazen svým synem Kábúsem bin Saídem za pomoci Britů. (cs)
- La guerre du Dhofar ou rébellion du Dhofar est un conflit armé parfois assimilé à une guerre civile et qui a eu lieu au sultanat d'Oman de 1964 à 1976. (fr)
- Pemberontakan Dhofar dilancarkan di provinsi Dhofar melawan Oman dari tahun 1962 hingga 1975. Perang ini berakhir dengan kekalahan pemberontak, tetapi negara Oman terpaksa direformasi dan dimodernisasi agar mampu mengatasi pemberontak. (in)
- Wojna w Zufarze – rebelia trwająca od 1962 do 1976 roku w Zufarze będącym częścią Omanu. Rząd Omanu został wsparty militarnie przez Wielką Brytanię i Iran, natomiast rebelianci przez Jemen Południowy. (pl)
- A Rebelião Dofar (em árabe: ثورة ظفار) foi um conflito ocorrido na província de Dofar contra o Sultanato de Mascate e Omã, que contou com o apoio britânico, de 1962 a 1975. O conflito terminou com a derrota dos rebeldes, mas o estado de Omã teve de ser radicalmente reformado e modernizado para lidar com a campanha. (pt)
- 佐法尔叛乱又称阿曼内战,是一场1962年至1976年发生在阿曼苏丹国佐法尔省的叛乱。阿曼政府一方得到英国和伊朗的支持,而亲共的佐法尔叛乱方得到了南也门、苏联、中华人民共和国的支持。最终叛军于1976年7月战败,阿曼苏丹有效控制全境。 1992年4月29日,阿曼政府与流亡也门南部的前佐法尔叛军达成全面和解,1530名前佐法尔叛军官兵编入阿曼军队序列。 (zh)
- Війна в Дофарі (араб. ثورة ظفار) — повстання, розпочате в провінції Дофар проти султанату Маскат і Оману, з 1962 по 1976, що закінчилося поразкою повстанців. (uk)
- Война в Дофаре (араб. الحرب في ظفار ), или Дофарское восстание (араб. ثورة ظفار) и Гражданская война в Омане (араб. الحرب الأهلية العمانية) — восстание в провинции Дофар против Султаната Маскат и Оман с 1962 по 1976 годы, закончившееся поражением мятежников. Необходимость борьбы с повстанцами заставила власти Султаната коренным образом реформировать и модернизировать страну. «Фронт освобождения Дофара» вёл вооружённую борьбу за создание независимого государства. Фронт пользовался негласной поддержкой СССР, о чём свидетельствует ряд сочувственных статей в советской печати того времени. (ru)
- ثورة ظفار هي حركة معادية لحكومة سلطنة عمان والاستعمار البريطاني، وظفار هو الإقليم الجنوبي لسلطنة عمان، وظهرت هذه الثورة في عقد الستينات في فترة حكم السلطان سعيد بن تيمور والد السلطان قابوس وامتدت إلى نهاية عام 1975 (بعد 5 سنوات من حكم السلطان قابوس) واخمدت كليا، وكانت هذه الثورة تحمل إيديولوجية اشتراكية شيوعية يدعمها الاتحاد السوفيتي وجمال عبد الناصر عن طريق اليمن الجنوبي الاشتراكي فكان ثوار ظفار يتعلمون ويمولون من قبل الاتحاد السوفييتي عن طريق اليمن الجنوبي البلد المجاور، وبتمويل كل من ليبيا بقيادة معمر القذافي الذي كان يساعد الثوار في ظفار على حكومة عمان هو وبعض الاشتراكيين من الدول العربية وبعد فترة من هذه الثورة قام أهل المنطقة بتسليم سلاحهم لحكومة مسقط واخمدت الثورة الداخلية، وبقيت المناوشات مع اليمن الجنوبي على الحدود في مناطق ضلكوت وصرفيت، لاحقاً انتهت خطورة التوجهات الاشتراكية الشي (ar)
- The Dhofar Rebellion, also known as the Dhofar War or the Omani Civil War, was waged from 1963 to 1976 in the province of Dhofar against the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman. The war began with the formation of the Dhofar Liberation Front, a group which aimed to create an independent state in Dhofar, free from the rule of the Omani Sultan Said bin Taimur. The rebels also held the broader goals of Arab nationalism which included ending British influence in the Persian Gulf region. (en)
- La guerra de Dhofar o rebelión de Dhofar fue un intento de revolución iniciado en la provincia homónima contra el Sultanato de Mascate y Omán, que contó con el apoyo británico, de 1962 a 1975. Terminó con la derrota de los rebeldes, pero el estado de Omán tuvo que ser radicalmente reformado y modernizado para hacer frente a la campaña. El temor a una revolución comunista llevó al despliegue de tropas británicas, iraníes y jordanas, sin las cuales la monarquía no habría podido resistir. (es)
- La guerra del Dhofar (in arabo: الحرب في ظفار), conosciuta anche come la ribellione del Dhofar (in arabo: ثورة ظفار) o guerra civile dell'Oman (in arabo: الحرب الأهلية العمانية ), si combatté dal 1962 al 1976 tra le milizie indipendentiste della provincia di Dhofar e il sultanato di Mascate e Oman. La guerra iniziò con la formazione del Fronte di Liberazione del Dhofar, un gruppo che mirava a creare uno stato indipendente, libero dal dominio del sultano Sa'id bin Taymur dell'Oman. I ribelli avevano anche obiettivi più ampi, riconducibili nazionalismo arabo che desiderava la fine dell'influenza britannica nella regione del golfo persico. (it)
- Dhofar Rebellion (en)
- ثورة ظفار (ar)
- Dafárské povstání (cs)
- Guerra de Dhofar (es)
- Pemberontakan Dhofar (in)
- Guerre du Dhofar (fr)
- Guerra del Dhofar (it)
- Wojna w Zufarze (pl)
- Rebelião Dofar (pt)
- Война в Дофаре (ru)
- 佐法尔叛乱 (zh)
- Війна в Дофарі (uk)
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