Direct–inverse alignment (original) (raw)
La définition d’une langue directe-inverse reste à préciser, mais est généralement comprise comme impliquant des constructions syntaxiques différentes pour les prédications transitives selon les positions relatives de leurs sujet et objet selon une hiérarchie des personnes, qui résulte d’une combinaison de saillance et animéité spécifique à une langue quelconque.
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| dbo:abstract | The definition of a direct–inverse language is a matter under research, but it is widely understood to involve different grammar for transitive predications according to the relative positions of their "subject" and their "object" on a person hierarchy, which, in turn, is some combination of saliency and animacy specific to a given language. The direct construction is the unmarked one. The direct construction is used when the subject of the transitive clause outranks the object in the person hierarchy, and the inverse is used when the object outranks the subject. The existence of direct–inverse morphosyntax is usually accompanied by proximate–obviative morphosyntax. The direct–inverse dimension subsumes the proximate–obviative dimension. Across languages, obviation almost always involves the third person (although second-person obviation is reported for some Nilo-Saharan languages), and the direct–inverse alternation is usually presented as being a way of marking the proximate–obviative distinction between two (or more) third person arguments of a sentence. However, there are at least two languages with inverse systems, the Mesoamerican languages Zoque and Huastec, in which inverse morphosyntax is never used when both subject and object are third person, but only when one of these arguments is third person and the other is a speech act participant (SAP), the first or second person. (en) La définition d’une langue directe-inverse reste à préciser, mais est généralement comprise comme impliquant des constructions syntaxiques différentes pour les prédications transitives selon les positions relatives de leurs sujet et objet selon une hiérarchie des personnes, qui résulte d’une combinaison de saillance et animéité spécifique à une langue quelconque. (fr) 생물성 위계(animacy hierarchy) 혹은 명사류 위계(nominal hierarchy)란 언어학에서 여러 언어들에 보편적인 언어 현상을 통일적으로 설명하기 위해 사용되는 체계적 중 하나로서, 에 관한 것을 의미한다. 이러한 위계를 맨 처음으로 제시한 것은 미국의 인류학자, 언어학자, 심리학자인 (Michael Silverstein)이었다. 그는 오스트레일리아의 언어들을 연구하여 생물성의 척도를 주격-대격 체계를 갖는 언어와 능격-절대격 체계를 갖는 언어의 비교 연구를 통해 제시하였다. 이외에도 (Greville Corbett)과 (Anna Siewierska)의 체계 등이 있다. (ko) |
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| rdfs:comment | La définition d’une langue directe-inverse reste à préciser, mais est généralement comprise comme impliquant des constructions syntaxiques différentes pour les prédications transitives selon les positions relatives de leurs sujet et objet selon une hiérarchie des personnes, qui résulte d’une combinaison de saillance et animéité spécifique à une langue quelconque. (fr) 생물성 위계(animacy hierarchy) 혹은 명사류 위계(nominal hierarchy)란 언어학에서 여러 언어들에 보편적인 언어 현상을 통일적으로 설명하기 위해 사용되는 체계적 중 하나로서, 에 관한 것을 의미한다. 이러한 위계를 맨 처음으로 제시한 것은 미국의 인류학자, 언어학자, 심리학자인 (Michael Silverstein)이었다. 그는 오스트레일리아의 언어들을 연구하여 생물성의 척도를 주격-대격 체계를 갖는 언어와 능격-절대격 체계를 갖는 언어의 비교 연구를 통해 제시하였다. 이외에도 (Greville Corbett)과 (Anna Siewierska)의 체계 등이 있다. (ko) The definition of a direct–inverse language is a matter under research, but it is widely understood to involve different grammar for transitive predications according to the relative positions of their "subject" and their "object" on a person hierarchy, which, in turn, is some combination of saliency and animacy specific to a given language. The direct construction is the unmarked one. The direct construction is used when the subject of the transitive clause outranks the object in the person hierarchy, and the inverse is used when the object outranks the subject. The existence of direct–inverse morphosyntax is usually accompanied by proximate–obviative morphosyntax. The direct–inverse dimension subsumes the proximate–obviative dimension. Across languages, obviation almost always involves t (en) |
| rdfs:label | Direct–inverse alignment (en) Langue directe-inverse (fr) 생물성 위계 (ko) |
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