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The Dutch States Army (Dutch: Staatse leger) was the army of the Dutch Republic. It was usually called this, because it was formally the army of the States-General of the Netherlands, the sovereign power of that federal republic. This mercenary army was brought to such a size and state of readiness that it was able to hold its own against the armies of the major European powers of the extended 17th century, Habsburg Spain and the France of Louis XIV, despite the fact that these powers possessed far larger military resources than the Republic. It played a major role in the Eighty Years' War (opposite the Spanish Army of Flanders) and in the wars of the Grand Alliance with France after 1672. (en) Lo Staatse leger (in italiano Esercito degli Stati) fu l'esercito della Repubblica delle Sette Province Unite. Venne chiamato così, perché formalmente era l'esercito degli Stati Generali della Repubblica delle Sette Province Unite, il potere sovrano di quella repubblica federale. Questo esercito mercenario venne portato ad una tale dimensione e stato di preparazione che fu in grado di reggere il confronto con gli eserciti delle maggiori potenze europee del XVII secolo, la Spagna asburgica e la Francia di Luigi XIV, nonostante queste potenze disponessero di risorse militari molto più vaste. Svolse un ruolo importante nella guerra degli ottant'anni (contrapposto all'Armata delle Fiandre spagnola) e nelle guerre della Grande Alleanza con la Francia dopo il 1672. (it) Het Staatse leger was het leger van de Verenigde Provinciën (vanaf 1588 de Republiek) van 1576 tot aan de oprichting van de Bataafse Republiek in 1795. Het ontstond als gevolg van de besluiten van 25 september 1576 door de Staten-Generaal van de Nederlanden. Tijdens de Tachtigjarige Oorlog was het belast met de strijd tegen de Spaanse machthebbers en daarna onder meer met de verdediging van de barrièresteden. Het leger was vanaf 1586 een instrument van de noordelijke gewesten, samengesteld uit ruiterij en voetvolk en verenigd in vendels. Filips van Lalaing (1537-1582) was een van de eerste bevelhebbers. Een belangrijke ontwikkeling was de overgang na 1588 van een krijgsmacht die voornamelijk bestond uit tijdelijk aangeworven manschappen, waardgelders, naar een leger van permanent onder de wapenen gehouden beroepssoldaten (staand leger). De invoering van de aan Maurits van Nassau, de latere prins van Oranje, toegeschreven, maar vooral op aandringen van zijn neef Willem Lodewijk van Nassau-Dillenburg tot stand gekomen legerhervormingen veroorzaakte die verandering. Het was namelijk te kostbaar geworden de goed getrainde, veelal buitenlandse huursoldaten, na afloop van ieder krijgsseizoen af te danken. Nieuw was ook dat de soldaten oefenden met schijngevechten, schieten en manoeuvres. Dit kwam Maurits aanvankelijk op hoongelach te staan, maar later bleken zijn manschappen beter te presteren en kwam er waardering. (nl) |
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The Dutch States Army (Dutch: Staatse leger) was the army of the Dutch Republic. It was usually called this, because it was formally the army of the States-General of the Netherlands, the sovereign power of that federal republic. This mercenary army was brought to such a size and state of readiness that it was able to hold its own against the armies of the major European powers of the extended 17th century, Habsburg Spain and the France of Louis XIV, despite the fact that these powers possessed far larger military resources than the Republic. It played a major role in the Eighty Years' War (opposite the Spanish Army of Flanders) and in the wars of the Grand Alliance with France after 1672. (en) Lo Staatse leger (in italiano Esercito degli Stati) fu l'esercito della Repubblica delle Sette Province Unite. Venne chiamato così, perché formalmente era l'esercito degli Stati Generali della Repubblica delle Sette Province Unite, il potere sovrano di quella repubblica federale. Questo esercito mercenario venne portato ad una tale dimensione e stato di preparazione che fu in grado di reggere il confronto con gli eserciti delle maggiori potenze europee del XVII secolo, la Spagna asburgica e la Francia di Luigi XIV, nonostante queste potenze disponessero di risorse militari molto più vaste. Svolse un ruolo importante nella guerra degli ottant'anni (contrapposto all'Armata delle Fiandre spagnola) e nelle guerre della Grande Alleanza con la Francia dopo il 1672. (it) Het Staatse leger was het leger van de Verenigde Provinciën (vanaf 1588 de Republiek) van 1576 tot aan de oprichting van de Bataafse Republiek in 1795. Het ontstond als gevolg van de besluiten van 25 september 1576 door de Staten-Generaal van de Nederlanden. Tijdens de Tachtigjarige Oorlog was het belast met de strijd tegen de Spaanse machthebbers en daarna onder meer met de verdediging van de barrièresteden. (nl) |
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Dutch States Army (en) Staatse leger (it) Staatse leger (nl) |
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