Dvipa (original) (raw)
Dvípa „ostrov, kontinent” je v hinduistické označení pro jeden ze světadílů okolo hory Méru, které tvoří pozemský svět. Zpravidla jsou po vzoru purán uváděny v počtu sedmi - Saptadvípá Vasumatí „Sedmidílná Země”, ale ve starších pramenech jsou pouze čtyři. Sedm kontinentů má podobu koncentrických, stále se zvětšujících, prstenců oddělených oceány, případně ležících jako okvětní plátky lotosu okolo centrálního světadílu Džambudvípa. V zarathuštrismu existuje podobné podání o haft kešvar „sedmi světadílech“.
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| dbo:abstract | Dvípa „ostrov, kontinent” je v hinduistické označení pro jeden ze světadílů okolo hory Méru, které tvoří pozemský svět. Zpravidla jsou po vzoru purán uváděny v počtu sedmi - Saptadvípá Vasumatí „Sedmidílná Země”, ale ve starších pramenech jsou pouze čtyři. Sedm kontinentů má podobu koncentrických, stále se zvětšujících, prstenců oddělených oceány, případně ležících jako okvětní plátky lotosu okolo centrálního světadílu Džambudvípa. V zarathuštrismu existuje podobné podání o haft kešvar „sedmi světadílech“. (cs) In Indian epic poetry, dvīpa (Devnagari: द्वीप "island"; also mahādvipa "great island") is the term for the major divisions of the , sometimes translated as "continents". Dvīpa has a further meaning than "island" and "continent" in Hinduism beliefs. "Dvipa" also means "planets" situated in the ocean of outer space. "The "planets" are called dvīpas.Outer space is like an ocean of air.Just as there are islands in the watery ocean,these planets in the ocean of space are called dvīpas, or islands in outer space"— Chaitanya Caritamrita Madhya 20.218, Purport There are 7 dvipas in Hinduism beliefs. More than 2000 years ago the writers of Puranas have adopted similar method and divided earth in to natural divisions based on the predominant flora or fauna of this region. According to Matsya, Bhagavata Puranas, the world was divided into 7 dvipas. The list of sapta-dvīpa (7 dvīpas) in Mahabharata are: 1. * Jambu ("Jambul") 2. * Plaksha ("Ficus religiosa") 3. * Shalmali ("Bombax tree") 4. * Kusha ("grass") 5. * Kraunca ("Mountain") 6. * Shaka ("Pine") 7. * Pushkara ("Maple") According to an accurate interpretation by historian Naryan A. Bangera they correspond to following modern continents or islands: 1. * Jambu dvipa (land of the Indian berries) - Asia 2. * (land of grass) - Oceania including Indonesia and the Philippines (excl. Australia) 3. * (land of the fig trees) - South America 4. * (land of lakes) - Africa 5. * (land of the silk cotton trees) - Australia 6. * (land of the krauncha birds or the demoiselle crane) - North America 7. * Shaka dvipa (land of the trees) - Europe or Greater Europe. The word dvīpa is from an older form *dui-Hpa- and means "having water on two side". It is cognate with Young Avestan 'duuaēpa' which means the same. But in the Brahma Purana, it describes the Seven Continents (sapta-dvīpa) and sub-continents of the world, though some other land mass are not mentioned, those which are mentioned are called: * Jambū—It is the central one of the seven continents surrounding the mountain Meru, so called either from the Jambū trees abounding in it or from an enormous Jambū tree on Mount Meru visible like a standard to the whole continent. Sec S. M. Ali, Op. cit., chapters V-VII on Jambūdvīpa. * Śāka can be identified with Malaya, Siam, Indo-China and Southern China or the South-Eastern corner of the land mass of which Jambūdvīpa occupied the centre. * Kuśa contains Iran, Iraq and the south-western corner of the land mass round Meru. * Plakṣa identified with the basin of Mediterranean since Plakṣa or the Pākhara tree is the characteristic of warm temperate or Mediterranean lands identifiable with Greece and adjoining lands. * Puṣkara covers the whole of Japan, Manchuria and the south-eastern Siberia. * Śālmala—the tropical part of Africa bordering the Indian Ocean on the West. It includes Madagascar which is the Hariṇa of the Purāṇas and the Śaṃkhadvīpa of some other writers of scriptures. * Krauñca represents by the basin of the Black Sea. * Upadvīpas (sub-continents): 1) Bhārata 2) Kimpuruṣa 3) Harivarṣa 4) Ramyaka 5) Hiraṇmaya 6) Uttarakuru 7) Ilāvṛta 8) Bhadrāśva and 9) Ketumāla. According to P.E. (p. 342) there are eight long mountain ranges which divide the island Jambu into 9 countries which look like nine petals of the lotus flower. The two countries of the north and south extremities (Bhadra and Ketumāla) are in a bow-shape. The four of the remaining seven are longer than the rest. The central country is known as Ilāvṛta. (en) En la mitología hinduista, duipa (literalmente ‘península’, o ‘isla’), a veces maja duipa (‘gran isla’) son cada uno de los fantásticos continentes imaginados por los escritores del Majabhárata (texto epicorreligioso del siglo III a. C.). (es) Nella cosmografia induista, i dvipa (sanscrito: dvīpa, "continente", "isola") sono i sette continenti mitologici situati attorno al Monte Meru e separati gli uni dagli altri da oceani circolari concentrici composti da diversi liquidi. Le sezioni di ogni continente sono a loro volta chiamate dvīpa. (it) Dwipa (dewanagari: dवीप trl. dvīpa, "wyspa") – jeden z podstawowych elementów w kosmologii religii dharmicznych oznaczający kontynent (ląd, region) lub wyspę. (pl) Дви́па (санскр. वीप, IAST: dvīpa «полуостров, остров»; также махадви́па «великий остров») — санскритский термин, переводимый как «материк» или «планета» и используемый в индуистской и буддийской космологии для обозначения материков или планет, окружённых космическими океанами, состоящими из различных субстанций (солёной воды, вина, тростникового сока, гхи, йогурта или молока). В разных источниках называются 4, 7, 13 или 18 двип. Список из семи двип (саптадвип) приводится в «Махабхарате» (6.604): Джамбу, Плакша, Гомедака, Шалмали, Куша, Краунча, Шака и Пушкара. Там же (6.208) приводится список из четырёх двип: Бхадрашва, Кетумалла, Джамбудвипа и Уттаракуру. В «Вишну-пуране» (2.3.6) перечисляются 13 двип: Бхадрашва, Кетумалла, Джамбудвипа, Уттаракуру, Индрадвипа, Касерумат, Тамраварна, Габхастимат, Нага, Саумья, Гандхарва, Варуна и Бхарата. Они расположены вокруг горы Меру и отделены друг от друга океанами. (ru) 四大部洲，又称四洲、四大洲、四天下，是佛教中认为的在须弥山周围咸海中的四大洲，分别为东胜神洲、西牛贺洲、南赡部洲和北俱卢洲，分别住着四大天王。另外还有八小部洲。 《西游记》中对此有所描述：花果山位于东胜神洲，唐帝国位于南赡部洲，天竺位于西牛贺洲。 颐和园内有一处景观也名为“四大部洲”。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | Dvípa „ostrov, kontinent” je v hinduistické označení pro jeden ze světadílů okolo hory Méru, které tvoří pozemský svět. Zpravidla jsou po vzoru purán uváděny v počtu sedmi - Saptadvípá Vasumatí „Sedmidílná Země”, ale ve starších pramenech jsou pouze čtyři. Sedm kontinentů má podobu koncentrických, stále se zvětšujících, prstenců oddělených oceány, případně ležících jako okvětní plátky lotosu okolo centrálního světadílu Džambudvípa. V zarathuštrismu existuje podobné podání o haft kešvar „sedmi světadílech“. (cs) En la mitología hinduista, duipa (literalmente ‘península’, o ‘isla’), a veces maja duipa (‘gran isla’) son cada uno de los fantásticos continentes imaginados por los escritores del Majabhárata (texto epicorreligioso del siglo III a. C.). (es) Nella cosmografia induista, i dvipa (sanscrito: dvīpa, "continente", "isola") sono i sette continenti mitologici situati attorno al Monte Meru e separati gli uni dagli altri da oceani circolari concentrici composti da diversi liquidi. Le sezioni di ogni continente sono a loro volta chiamate dvīpa. (it) Dwipa (dewanagari: dवीप trl. dvīpa, "wyspa") – jeden z podstawowych elementów w kosmologii religii dharmicznych oznaczający kontynent (ląd, region) lub wyspę. (pl) 四大部洲，又称四洲、四大洲、四天下，是佛教中认为的在须弥山周围咸海中的四大洲，分别为东胜神洲、西牛贺洲、南赡部洲和北俱卢洲，分别住着四大天王。另外还有八小部洲。 《西游记》中对此有所描述：花果山位于东胜神洲，唐帝国位于南赡部洲，天竺位于西牛贺洲。 颐和园内有一处景观也名为“四大部洲”。 (zh) In Indian epic poetry, dvīpa (Devnagari: द्वीप "island"; also mahādvipa "great island") is the term for the major divisions of the , sometimes translated as "continents". Dvīpa has a further meaning than "island" and "continent" in Hinduism beliefs. "Dvipa" also means "planets" situated in the ocean of outer space. "The "planets" are called dvīpas.Outer space is like an ocean of air.Just as there are islands in the watery ocean,these planets in the ocean of space are called dvīpas, or islands in outer space"— Chaitanya Caritamrita Madhya 20.218, Purport (en) Дви́па (санскр. वीप, IAST: dvīpa «полуостров, остров»; также махадви́па «великий остров») — санскритский термин, переводимый как «материк» или «планета» и используемый в индуистской и буддийской космологии для обозначения материков или планет, окружённых космическими океанами, состоящими из различных субстанций (солёной воды, вина, тростникового сока, гхи, йогурта или молока). В разных источниках называются 4, 7, 13 или 18 двип. Они расположены вокруг горы Меру и отделены друг от друга океанами. (ru) |
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