Dynamic positioning (original) (raw)
Die dynamische Positionierung (kurz DP; auch Dynamisches-Positionier-System, (DPS)) ist ein computergesteuertes System zur automatischen Positionierung eines Schiffs. Schiffe mit DPS können ohne Ankern oder Festmachen eine Position halten. Wichtig ist dies z. B. für Schiffe, die Offshore-Windkraftanlagen installieren oder Bohrplattformen mit Personal, Frischwasser und Bohrmaterial versorgen.
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| dbo:abstract | Dynamic positioning (DP) is a computer-controlled system to automatically maintain a vessel's position and heading by using its own propellers and thrusters. Position reference sensors, combined with wind sensors, motion sensors and gyrocompasses, provide information to the computer pertaining to the vessel's position and the magnitude and direction of environmental forces affecting its position. Examples of vessel types that employ DP include ships and semi-submersible mobile offshore drilling units (MODU), oceanographic research vessels, cable layer ships and cruise ships. The computer program contains a mathematical model of the vessel that includes information pertaining to the wind and current drag of the vessel and the location of the thrusters. This knowledge, combined with the sensor information, allows the computer to calculate the required steering angle and thruster output for each thruster. This allows operations at sea where mooring or anchoring is not feasible due to deep water, congestion on the sea bottom (pipelines, templates) or other problems. Dynamic positioning may either be absolute in that the position is locked to a fixed point over the bottom, or relative to a moving object like another ship or an underwater vehicle. One may also position the ship at a favorable angle towards wind, waves and current, called weathervaning. Dynamic positioning is used by much of the offshore oil industry, for example in the North Sea, Persian Gulf, Gulf of Mexico, West Africa, and off the coast of Brazil. There are currently more than 1800 DP ships. (en) Die dynamische Positionierung (kurz DP; auch Dynamisches-Positionier-System, (DPS)) ist ein computergesteuertes System zur automatischen Positionierung eines Schiffs. Schiffe mit DPS können ohne Ankern oder Festmachen eine Position halten. Wichtig ist dies z. B. für Schiffe, die Offshore-Windkraftanlagen installieren oder Bohrplattformen mit Personal, Frischwasser und Bohrmaterial versorgen. (de) Le positionnement dynamique (DP) est un système contrôlé par ordinateur qui permet à un navire de maintenir sa position en utilisant ses propres moyens de propulsion. (fr) Il posizionamento dinamico è un sistema controllato da computer per mantenere automaticamente la posizione e la direzione di una nave utilizzando le proprie eliche e propulsori. I sensori di riferimento di posizione, combinati con sensori del vento, sensori di movimento e girobussole, forniscono informazioni al computer relative alla posizione della nave e all'entità e alla direzione delle forze ambientali che incidono sulla sua posizione. Esempi di tipi di navi che impiegano questa tecnologia comprendono, a titolo esemplificativo, navi e perforazioni mobili offshore semi-sommergibili (MODU), navi per la ricerca oceanografica, navi a strati di cavi e navi da crociera. Il programma per computer contiene un modello matematico della nave che include informazioni relative al vento e alla resistenza attuale della nave e alla posizione dei propulsori. Questa conoscenza, combinata con le informazioni del sensore, consente al computer di calcolare l'angolo di sterzata richiesto e l'uscita del propulsore per ciascun propulsore. Ciò consente operazioni in mare in cui l'ormeggio o l'ancoraggio non è possibile a causa di acque profonde, congestione sul fondo del mare (condotte, modelli) o altri problemi. Il posizionamento dinamico può essere assoluto in quanto la posizione è bloccata in un punto fisso sul fondo, o relativa a un oggetto in movimento come un'altra nave o un veicolo sottomarino. Si può anche posizionare la nave ad un angolo favorevole verso il vento, le onde e la corrente, chiamata weathervaning. Il posizionamento dinamico è utilizzato da gran parte dell'industria petrolifera offshore, ad esempio nel Mare del Nord, nel Golfo Persico, nel Golfo del Messico, nell'Africa occidentale e al largo delle coste del Brasile. Attualmente ci sono più di 1800 navi che utilizzano il posizionamento dinamico. (it) Een dynamisch positioneringssysteem (dynamic positioning, DP) is een systeem dat de positie en koers van een schip automatisch beheerst houdt door gebruik te maken van de eigen schroeven, veelal roerpropellers. Werkzaamheden op zee die anders niet mogelijk zouden zijn – doordat er bijvoorbeeld niet geankerd kan worden door obstakels op de zeebodem (pijpleidingen of andere structuren) of door een te grote waterdiepte – zijn door dynamic positioning wel uit te voeren. Terwijl de eerste schepen analoge systemen hadden en geen redundantie, is er sindsdien enorme vooruitgang geboekt. DP wordt tegenwoordig ook buiten de olie-industrie gebruikt. Het is nu ook mogelijk om niet alleen exact op positie te blijven liggen, maar ook een nauwkeurige route te varen, wat onder andere gebruikt wordt door pijpenleggers, kabelleggers en survey. Er zijn verschillende uitrustingsklassen met een toenemende mate van redundantie, afhankelijk van de werkzaamheden en de risico's die gepaard gaan met het verlies van positie. Zo worden er bij werkzaamheden in de 500 meter-veiligheidszone van een productieplatform hogere eisen gesteld. DP kan absoluut zijn, waarbij een positie ten opzichte van de zeebodem wordt vastgehouden, of relatief, waarbij een bewegend object, zoals een ander schip, een ROV (op afstand bestuurde mini-onderzeeër) of een drijvend platform, wordt gevolgd. Ook kan een koers ten opzichte van wind en stroming worden vastgehouden waarbij het benodigde vermogen om op positie te blijven minimaal is. (nl) Dynamisk positionering, förkortat DP, är ett datorkontrollerat system som används för att automatiskt hålla ett fartygs eller flytande plattforms position och kurs konstant enbart genom att använda propellrar. På så vis kan fartyget eller plattformen hållas på plats utan att ankare eller andra fasta förtöjningar används. Exempel på plattformar som använder dynamisk positionering är oljeplattformar, offshorefartyg, kabelläggningsfartyg och muddringsfartyg. (sv) Dynamiczne pozycjonowanie statku – komputerowo wspomagany system bardzo dokładnego manewrowania statkiem. Statek wyposażony w DP może, za pomocą własnego napędu, utrzymywać aktualną pozycję lub przesuwać się zgodnie z zamierzeniami operatora, z dokładnością do kilku metrów (w zależności od użytego systemu referencyjnego i pogody). (pl) Sistema de Posicionamento Dinâmico, ou Sistema DP, é um sistema que controla automaticamente a posição e aproamento de uma embarcação por meio de propulsão ativa. Em linhas gerais, corresponde a um complexo sistema de controle de posição dinâmica, composto por varias variáveis capazes de tornar seu posicionamento mais preciso (GPS, DGPS, Anemômetros, Giroscópios, etc.) Seus atuadores para mantê-los na posição são propulsores, thrustes azimutaveis ou fixos, com ou sem controles de velocidade e leme e um computador central é responsável pela execução das correções de posição e pela interface com o operador. Este sistema é muito utilizado nas operações off-shore da indústria do Petróleo e Marinha Mercante para posicionamento de navios-tanque, navios de construção de linhas de petróleo, navios de perfuração ou qualquer embarcação que necessite ficar parado no meio do mar por motivos diversos, tais como: perfuração de poços, completaçao e instalação de arvores de natal, mergulho, construção de linhas submersas e etc. O sistema de posicionamento dinâmico pode ser absoluto, onde a posição é muito importante sendo mantida em relação a um ponto fixo em terra DGPS, ou relativa a um determinado objeto móvel, tal como um outro navio-tanque ou um equipamento submerso. Também é utilizado para posicionamento de navios num ângulo favorável em relação à direção dos ventos, correntezas e ondulações. No Brasil, a Petrobras é pioneira na utilização desse tipo de sistema na exploração e produção de petróleo em águas profundas. Conferência Brasileira de Posicionamento Dinâmico - DPBRASIL Depois da primeira conferência e conforme divulgado na ocasião do primeiro evento, a Fundação Homem do Mar (FHM®) e o Centro de Simulação Aquaviária (CSA®) promoveram nos dias 26 e 27 de maio de 2015 a II DPBRASIL®, a segunda Conferência Brasileira de Posicionamento Dinâmico. A 2ª DPBRASIL®, incitou debates, troca de experiências e a aplicação de novas tecnologias e mudanças na regulamentação, tanto para operadores, quanto para operações. (pt) Система динамического позиционирования — (англ. dynamic positioning system) — система, предназначенная для удержания судна в заданной позиции или области и (или) на заданном курсе, его перемещения на небольшие расстояния, следования вдоль заданного маршрута автоматически с высокой точностью посредством использования судовых движителей и подруливающих устройств. Международная морская организация даёт следующее определение: «Система динамического позиционирования — это система, которая автоматически контролирует судно для удержания его позиции и курса исключительно посредством активного использования судовых движителей». Для управления судном, оснащенным системой динамического позиционирования, необходимо получение сертификатов. (ru) |
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| dbp:date | September 2019 (en) |
| dbp:reason | How does radar back-scatter provide an advantage (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Die dynamische Positionierung (kurz DP; auch Dynamisches-Positionier-System, (DPS)) ist ein computergesteuertes System zur automatischen Positionierung eines Schiffs. Schiffe mit DPS können ohne Ankern oder Festmachen eine Position halten. Wichtig ist dies z. B. für Schiffe, die Offshore-Windkraftanlagen installieren oder Bohrplattformen mit Personal, Frischwasser und Bohrmaterial versorgen. (de) Le positionnement dynamique (DP) est un système contrôlé par ordinateur qui permet à un navire de maintenir sa position en utilisant ses propres moyens de propulsion. (fr) Dynamisk positionering, förkortat DP, är ett datorkontrollerat system som används för att automatiskt hålla ett fartygs eller flytande plattforms position och kurs konstant enbart genom att använda propellrar. På så vis kan fartyget eller plattformen hållas på plats utan att ankare eller andra fasta förtöjningar används. Exempel på plattformar som använder dynamisk positionering är oljeplattformar, offshorefartyg, kabelläggningsfartyg och muddringsfartyg. (sv) Dynamiczne pozycjonowanie statku – komputerowo wspomagany system bardzo dokładnego manewrowania statkiem. Statek wyposażony w DP może, za pomocą własnego napędu, utrzymywać aktualną pozycję lub przesuwać się zgodnie z zamierzeniami operatora, z dokładnością do kilku metrów (w zależności od użytego systemu referencyjnego i pogody). (pl) Dynamic positioning (DP) is a computer-controlled system to automatically maintain a vessel's position and heading by using its own propellers and thrusters. Position reference sensors, combined with wind sensors, motion sensors and gyrocompasses, provide information to the computer pertaining to the vessel's position and the magnitude and direction of environmental forces affecting its position. Examples of vessel types that employ DP include ships and semi-submersible mobile offshore drilling units (MODU), oceanographic research vessels, cable layer ships and cruise ships. (en) Il posizionamento dinamico è un sistema controllato da computer per mantenere automaticamente la posizione e la direzione di una nave utilizzando le proprie eliche e propulsori. I sensori di riferimento di posizione, combinati con sensori del vento, sensori di movimento e girobussole, forniscono informazioni al computer relative alla posizione della nave e all'entità e alla direzione delle forze ambientali che incidono sulla sua posizione. Esempi di tipi di navi che impiegano questa tecnologia comprendono, a titolo esemplificativo, navi e perforazioni mobili offshore semi-sommergibili (MODU), navi per la ricerca oceanografica, navi a strati di cavi e navi da crociera. Il programma per computer contiene un modello matematico della nave che include informazioni relative al vento e alla resis (it) Een dynamisch positioneringssysteem (dynamic positioning, DP) is een systeem dat de positie en koers van een schip automatisch beheerst houdt door gebruik te maken van de eigen schroeven, veelal roerpropellers. Werkzaamheden op zee die anders niet mogelijk zouden zijn – doordat er bijvoorbeeld niet geankerd kan worden door obstakels op de zeebodem (pijpleidingen of andere structuren) of door een te grote waterdiepte – zijn door dynamic positioning wel uit te voeren. (nl) Sistema de Posicionamento Dinâmico, ou Sistema DP, é um sistema que controla automaticamente a posição e aproamento de uma embarcação por meio de propulsão ativa. Em linhas gerais, corresponde a um complexo sistema de controle de posição dinâmica, composto por varias variáveis capazes de tornar seu posicionamento mais preciso (GPS, DGPS, Anemômetros, Giroscópios, etc.) Seus atuadores para mantê-los na posição são propulsores, thrustes azimutaveis ou fixos, com ou sem controles de velocidade e leme e um computador central é responsável pela execução das correções de posição e pela interface com o operador. (pt) Система динамического позиционирования — (англ. dynamic positioning system) — система, предназначенная для удержания судна в заданной позиции или области и (или) на заданном курсе, его перемещения на небольшие расстояния, следования вдоль заданного маршрута автоматически с высокой точностью посредством использования судовых движителей и подруливающих устройств. Для управления судном, оснащенным системой динамического позиционирования, необходимо получение сертификатов. (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Dynamische Positionierung (de) Dynamic positioning (en) Posizionamento dinamico (it) Positionnement dynamique (fr) Dynamisch positioneringssysteem (nl) Dynamiczne pozycjonowanie statku (pl) Sistema de posicionamento dinâmico (pt) Система динамического позиционирования (ru) Dynamisk positionering (sv) |
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