Empress Ma (Hongwu) (original) (raw)
Empress Xiaocigao (Chinese: 孝慈高皇后, 18 July 1332 – 23 September 1382), commonly known as Empress Ma (Chinese: 馬皇后), was a Chinese empress consort of the Ming dynasty, married to the Hongwu Emperor and acting as his political adviser, exerting a large amount of influence during his reign.
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| dbo:abstract | Císařovna Ma (čínsky v českém přepisu Ma chuang-chou, pchin-jinem Mǎ huánghòu, znaky 马皇后, 1332–1382), posmrtným jménem císařovna Siao-cch'-kao (čínsky v českém přepisu Siao-cch'-kao chuang-chou, pchin-jinem Xiàocígāo huánghòu, znaky 孝慈高皇后) byla čínská císařovna říše Ming, manželka zakladatele a prvního mingského císaře Chung-wua. Její osobní jméno oficiální dějiny Ming-š’ neuvádějí, v neoficiální tradici je známa jako Ma Jü-chuan (čínsky pchin-jinem Mǎ Yùhuán, znaky 马玉环), případně Ma Siou-jing (čínsky pchin-jinem Mǎ Xiùyīng, znaky 马秀英). Paní Ma pocházela ze Su-čou v provincii An-chuej. Po smrti jejího otce ji adoptoval jeho přítel Kuo C'-sing, který v Chao-čou (dnešní Feng-jang) patřil k místním vůdcům povstání rudých turbanů proti říši Jüan a provdal za svého důstojníka Ču Jüan-čanga. Ču Jüan-čang se v letech 1352–1355 vypracoval z řadového bojovníka na generála s armádou silou srovnatelnou s Kuovou. Po Kuově smrti postupně získal kontrolu nad jeho vojskem, roku 1356 dobyl Nanking a do roku 1368 postupně i celou Čínu. K novému roku 1368 se vyhlásil císařem, svou říši nazval Velká Ming (Ta Ming), vyhlásil éru vlády Chung-wu a svou ženu jmenoval císařovnou. Paní Ma věrně podporovala svého muže, který si vážil jejích rad. I jako císařovna sdílela manželovu averzi k luxusu. Byla známá svou šetrností a prostotou, dokonce sama osobně prala prádlo v potoce za palácem. Zemřela 17. září 1382, pohřbena je v mauzoleu Ming-siao-ling. (cs) Empress Xiaocigao (Chinese: 孝慈高皇后, 18 July 1332 – 23 September 1382), commonly known as Empress Ma (Chinese: 馬皇后), was a Chinese empress consort of the Ming dynasty, married to the Hongwu Emperor and acting as his political adviser, exerting a large amount of influence during his reign. (en) 馬皇后（ばこうごう）は、中国明の初代皇帝朱元璋（洪武帝）の皇后。 (ja) 효자고황후 마씨(孝慈高皇后 馬氏, 원 지순 3년 7월 18일(1332년 6월 25일) ~ 명 홍무 15년 8월 10일(1382년 9월 17일))는 명나라 초대 황제인 홍무제의 본처이자 명나라의 초대 황후이다. 마공(馬公)과 정온(鄭媼)의 딸이며, 홍건군 수장 곽자흥(郭子興)의 애제자(愛弟子)이자 양녀이며, 영락제의 어머니이기도 하다. (ko) Ма Юхуань (1332—1382) імператриця Мін, дружина засновника імперії Мін Юаньчжана I. і виступала в ролі його політичного радника і секретаря, надаючи великий вплив під час свого правління. (uk) Ma, född 1332, död 1382, var en kinesisk kejsarinna, gift med Zhu Yuanzhang. Hon var Kinas första kejsarinna av Mingdynastin. (sv) 孝慈高皇后马氏（1332年7月18日－1382年9月23日），名讳不详，是明太祖朱元璋糟糠之妻。部分野史與地方戲稱之為马秀英，但《明史》上未见记载。民間又稱大腳皇后、大腳馬皇后、马大脚皇后、马大脚板底。 (zh) |
| dbo:activeYearsEndYear | 1382-01-01 (xsd:gYear) |
| dbo:activeYearsStartYear | 1368-01-01 (xsd:gYear) |
| dbo:child | dbr:Zhu_Biao dbr:Zhu_Shuang dbr:Zhu_Su dbr:Yongle_Emperor |
| dbo:spouse | dbr:Hongwu_Emperor |
| dbo:successor | dbr:Empress_Ma_(Jianwen) |
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| dbp:birthDate | 1332-07-18 (xsd:date) (en) Zhishun 3, 25th day of the 6th month (en) |
| dbp:birthPlace | Suzhou (en) |
| dbp:burialPlace | dbr:Ming_Xiaoling dbr:Nanjing |
| dbp:deathDate | 1382-09-23 (xsd:date) (en) Hongwu 15, 16th day of the 8th month (en) |
| dbp:deathPlace | Yingtian Prefecture, Zhili (en) |
| dbp:father | Lord Ma, Prince of Xu (en) |
| dbp:fullName | (en) Ma Xiuying (en) |
| dbp:house | Ma (en) |
| dbp:houseType | Clan (en) |
| dbp:imageSize | 200 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:issue | Yongle Emperor (en) (en) Princess Anqing (en) Princess Ningguo (en) Zhu Biao, Crown Prince Yiwen (en) Zhu Gang, Prince Gong of Jin (en) Zhu Shuang, Prince Min of Qin (en) Zhu Su, Prince Ding of Zhou (en) |
| dbp:mother | Zheng Ao, Lady of Xu (en) |
| dbp:name | Empress Xiaocigao (en) |
| dbp:posthumousName | (en) Empress Xiaoci Zhenhua Zheshun Renhui Chengtian Yusheng Zhide Gao (en) |
| dbp:reign | 0001-01-23 (xsd:gMonthDay) |
| dbp:reignType | Tenure (en) |
| dbp:rows | 2 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:spouse | dbr:Hongwu_Emperor |
| dbp:succession | dbr:List_of_consorts_of_rulers_of_China |
| dbp:successor | dbr:Empress_Ma_(Jianwen) |
| dbp:title | dbr:List_of_Chinese_consorts |
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| dbp:years | 1368 (xsd:integer) |
| dcterms:subject | dbc:1332_births dbc:Ming_dynasty_empresses dbc:Yongle_Emperor dbc:1382_deaths dbc:14th-century_Chinese_people dbc:14th-century_Chinese_women dbc:Burials_in_Nanjing |
| gold:hypernym | dbr:Consort |
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| rdfs:comment | Empress Xiaocigao (Chinese: 孝慈高皇后, 18 July 1332 – 23 September 1382), commonly known as Empress Ma (Chinese: 馬皇后), was a Chinese empress consort of the Ming dynasty, married to the Hongwu Emperor and acting as his political adviser, exerting a large amount of influence during his reign. (en) 馬皇后（ばこうごう）は、中国明の初代皇帝朱元璋（洪武帝）の皇后。 (ja) 효자고황후 마씨(孝慈高皇后 馬氏, 원 지순 3년 7월 18일(1332년 6월 25일) ~ 명 홍무 15년 8월 10일(1382년 9월 17일))는 명나라 초대 황제인 홍무제의 본처이자 명나라의 초대 황후이다. 마공(馬公)과 정온(鄭媼)의 딸이며, 홍건군 수장 곽자흥(郭子興)의 애제자(愛弟子)이자 양녀이며, 영락제의 어머니이기도 하다. (ko) Ма Юхуань (1332—1382) імператриця Мін, дружина засновника імперії Мін Юаньчжана I. і виступала в ролі його політичного радника і секретаря, надаючи великий вплив під час свого правління. (uk) Ma, född 1332, död 1382, var en kinesisk kejsarinna, gift med Zhu Yuanzhang. Hon var Kinas första kejsarinna av Mingdynastin. (sv) 孝慈高皇后马氏（1332年7月18日－1382年9月23日），名讳不详，是明太祖朱元璋糟糠之妻。部分野史與地方戲稱之為马秀英，但《明史》上未见记载。民間又稱大腳皇后、大腳馬皇后、马大脚皇后、马大脚板底。 (zh) Císařovna Ma (čínsky v českém přepisu Ma chuang-chou, pchin-jinem Mǎ huánghòu, znaky 马皇后, 1332–1382), posmrtným jménem císařovna Siao-cch'-kao (čínsky v českém přepisu Siao-cch'-kao chuang-chou, pchin-jinem Xiàocígāo huánghòu, znaky 孝慈高皇后) byla čínská císařovna říše Ming, manželka zakladatele a prvního mingského císaře Chung-wua. Její osobní jméno oficiální dějiny Ming-š’ neuvádějí, v neoficiální tradici je známa jako Ma Jü-chuan (čínsky pchin-jinem Mǎ Yùhuán, znaky 马玉环), případně Ma Siou-jing (čínsky pchin-jinem Mǎ Xiùyīng, znaky 马秀英). (cs) |
| rdfs:label | Císařovna Ma (cs) Empress Ma (Hongwu) (en) 馬皇后 (洪武帝) (ja) 효자고황후 (명나라) (ko) Ma (kejsarinna) (sv) 孝慈高皇后 (明朝) (zh) Ма Юхуань (імператриця Мін) (uk) |
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| foaf:name | Empress Xiaocigao (en) |
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| is dbo:predecessor of | dbr:Empress_Ma_(Jianwen) |
| is dbo:spouse of | dbr:Hongwu_Emperor |
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| is dbp:mother of | dbr:Zhu_Biao dbr:Zhu_Shuang dbr:Zhu_Su dbr:Yongle_Emperor |
| is dbp:predecessor of | dbr:Empress_Ma_(Jianwen) |
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