Energy in the United States (original) (raw)
- Energy in the United States came mostly from fossil fuels in 2021 as 36% of the nation's energy originated from petroleum, 32% from natural gas, and 11% from coal. Nuclear power supplied 8% and renewable energy supplied 12%, which includes hydroelectric dams, biomass, wind, geothermal, and solar. The United States was the second-largest energy consumer in 2010 after China. The country is ranked seventh in energy consumption per capita after Canada and several small nations. As of 2006, the country's energy consumption had increased more rapidly than domestic energy production over the last 50 years in the nation (when they were roughly equal). This difference was largely met through imports. Not included is the significant amount of energy used overseas in the production of retail and industrial goods consumed in the United States. According to the Energy Information Administration's statistics, the annual per-capita energy consumption in the U.S. has been somewhat consistent from the 1970s to the present time. The average was about 334 million British thermal units [BTU] (352 GJ) per person from 1980 to 2010. One explanation suggested that the energy required to increase the nation's consumption of manufactured equipment, cars, and other goods has been shifted to other countries producing and transporting those goods to the U.S. with a corresponding shift of green house gases and pollution. Meanwhile any gains made by increasing energy efficiency were at least partially consumed by the rebound effect. In comparison, the world average increased from 63.7 to 75 million BTU (67.2 to 79.1 GJ) per person per year between 1980 and 2008. The United States has an installed summer electricity generation capacity of 1115.68 GW in 2020, up 16.5 GW from 2019. (en)
- Le secteur de l'énergie aux États-Unis est marqué par la prépondérance des combustibles fossiles (82,6 % de la production d'énergie primaire et 81,8 % de la consommation d'énergie primaire en 2019) : pétrole (33 % de la production, 35,8 % de la consommation), charbon (15 % et 12,4 %) et gaz naturel (34,6 % et 33,5 %). Le nucléaire assure 9,5 % de la production, couvrant 9,9 % de la consommation ; les énergies renouvelables fournissent 7,9 % de la production, couvrant 8,1 % de la consommation. La puissance de ce secteur est mise en évidence par les classements internationaux : les États-Unis sont en 2021 au 1er rang mondial pour la production de pétrole (16,8 % du total mondial), devant la Russie (12,7 %) et l'Arabie Saoudite (12,2 %) ; ils sont au 1er rang mondial pour la production de gaz naturel (23,1 % du total mondial), de produits pétroliers, d'électricité nucléaire (30,2 % du total mondial), géothermique et à base de biomasse, au 2e rang mondial pour la production totale d'électricité, celle d'électricité éolienne et pour la production d'électricité solaire photovoltaïque, au 5e rang mondial pour la production de charbon, etc. La consommation d'énergie primaire par habitant des États-Unis est très élevée : 282 EJ (Exajoules) en 2019, soit 3,6 fois la moyenne mondiale. La part de l'électricité dans la consommation finale d'énergie était de 20,7 % en 2019. Les États-Unis disposent de vastes ressources : leurs réserves de pétrole se classent au 9e rang mondial, celles de gaz naturel au 5e rang mondial et celles de charbon au 1er rang mondial (25,8 % des réserves mondiales), mais malgré cela ils sont restés globalement importateurs nets d'énergie des 1953 à 2018 ; leur taux de dépendance a culminé à 30,1 % en 2005, puis a rapidement reculé jusqu'à 3,6 % en 2018 grâce à la baisse de consommation produite par les délocalisations et la crise de 2008 et à la remontée des productions de pétrole et de gaz naturel rendue possible par les techniques de forage horizontal et de fracturation hydraulique. En 2017, le solde des échanges de gaz est pour la première fois redevenu exportateur et en 2020, les États-Unis sont parvenus au 2e rang mondial des exportateurs de gaz naturel derrière la Russie ; pour le charbon, le solde reste exportateur (9 % de la production), au 4e rang mondial ; par contre, la production de pétrole des États-Unis ne couvre que 89 % de leur consommation en 2021. En 2019, pour la première fois, leur production d'énergie a dépassé leur consommation totale d'énergie. Non signataire du Protocole de Kyoto sur le réchauffement climatique, les États-Unis sont le second pays émetteur mondial de dioxyde de carbone en 2019 (4 744 MtCO2eq) après la Chine (9 876 MtCO2eq), mais leurs émissions par habitant s'élèvent à 14,44 tonnes, soit 2,04 fois celles de la Chine : 7,07 t/hab) et 3,3 fois la moyenne mondiale. En 2015, le pays s'est engagé à réduire ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre de 26 à 28 % en 2025 par rapport à 2005, mais en 2017 le président Donald Trump a retiré le pays de l'accord de Paris sur le climat avant que Joe Biden, son successeur, ne fasse machine arrière. Toutefois, quelques programmes de réduction des gaz à effet de serre ont été mis en place au niveau municipal ou des États fédérés, tels que le Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative. (fr)
- Энергетика США — отрасль американской экономики (промышленности), совокупность подсистем, служащих для преобразования, распределения и использования энергетических ресурсов всех видов.Вопросами энергетики страны занимается Министерство энергетики США. (ru)
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- Энергетика США — отрасль американской экономики (промышленности), совокупность подсистем, служащих для преобразования, распределения и использования энергетических ресурсов всех видов.Вопросами энергетики страны занимается Министерство энергетики США. (ru)
- Energy in the United States came mostly from fossil fuels in 2021 as 36% of the nation's energy originated from petroleum, 32% from natural gas, and 11% from coal. Nuclear power supplied 8% and renewable energy supplied 12%, which includes hydroelectric dams, biomass, wind, geothermal, and solar. The United States has an installed summer electricity generation capacity of 1115.68 GW in 2020, up 16.5 GW from 2019. (en)
- Le secteur de l'énergie aux États-Unis est marqué par la prépondérance des combustibles fossiles (82,6 % de la production d'énergie primaire et 81,8 % de la consommation d'énergie primaire en 2019) : pétrole (33 % de la production, 35,8 % de la consommation), charbon (15 % et 12,4 %) et gaz naturel (34,6 % et 33,5 %). Le nucléaire assure 9,5 % de la production, couvrant 9,9 % de la consommation ; les énergies renouvelables fournissent 7,9 % de la production, couvrant 8,1 % de la consommation. La part de l'électricité dans la consommation finale d'énergie était de 20,7 % en 2019. (fr)
- Energy in the United States (en)
- Énergie aux États-Unis (fr)
- Энергетика США (ru)
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