Flora of Lebanon (original) (raw)
- هذه قائمة للنباتات البرية في لبنان. القائمة ليست شاملة، ويجري حالياً إجراء إضافات لها.يقع لبنان على الساحل الشرقي من حوض البحر الأبيض المتوسط الذي يعتبر خزاناً للتنوع النباتي. وهو واحد من النقاط الساخنة للتنوع البيولوجي في العالم لأولويات الحفظ ويؤوي 2600 نوع من النباتات. الأنواع الواطنة تشكل 12٪ من النباتات اللبنانية، 221 الأنواع النباتية المتوطنة هي واسعة الانتشار و90 منها ضيقة الانتشار. (ar)
- The flora of Lebanon includes approximately 2,600 plant species. Situated on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Basin, Lebanon is a reservoir of plant diversity and one of the world's biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Endemic species constitute 12% of the Lebanese flora; 221 plant species are broad endemics and 90 are narrow endemics. Important Plant Areas (IPAs) featuring the country exceptional botanical richness were defined in 2018. The natural vegetation of Lebanon has been threatened by overexploitation and fragmentation as a result of urban expansion, overgrazing, tourism and the impact of warfare. The cedar of Lebanon is the national symbol of the country; growing in the Lebanon Mountain range, these trees have been heavily harvested over the years for their valuable timber and few mature trees still remain. Nevertheless, Lebanon is more heavily wooded than most other countries in the region and pine, oak, fir, beech, cypress and juniper are to be found in the mountain areas although the Beqaa valley has little tree cover. Where timber has been extracted and woodland destroyed, scrub has taken over; in the Lebanon Mountain area this is mostly Ceratonia, oak and Pistacia, and in the Anti-Lebanon range the scrub is mostly Pistacia and wild almond. Other native trees such as the Lebanese wild apple, Judas tree and Syrian maple are being grown experimentally as a conservation strategy to see if they are amenable to container production. The Al Shouf Cedar Nature Reserve was established in 1996 to preserve an old stand of cedar in central Lebanon. It covers 550 km2 (212 sq mi), which is 5.3% of the country's total area, and includes 620 hectares (1,500 acres) of cedar forest which, with the exclusion of livestock is successfully regenerating. There are 24 kinds of tree in the reserve and 436 species of plant, including about 48 which are endemic to Lebanon, Syria and Turkey. Apart from trees, there are a large number of flowering plants, ferns and mosses in the country. Many of the plants bloom after the winter rains, and the annual plants germinate at this time, grow, flower and set seed while the soil is moist enough to support them. One plant endemic to the country is the endangered Lebanon violet, found high up in rocky shrubland on the west side of Mount Lebanon. (en)
- Flora Lebanon mencakup sekitar 2.600 spesies tumbuhan. Terletak di pantai timur Cekungan Mediterania, Lebanon merupakan reservoir keanekaragaman tumbuhan dan salah satu hotspot keanekaragaman hayati dunia untuk prioritas konservasi. Spesies endemik merupakan 12% dari flora Lebanon; terdiri dari 221 spesies tumbuhan endemik luas dan 90 spesies endemik sempit. Vegetasi alami Lebanon telah terancam oleh eksploitasi berlebihan dan fragmentasi akibat perluasan kota, penggembalaan berlebihan, pariwisata, dan dampak peperangan. Pohon aras Lebanon adalah lambang nasional negara; tumbuh di Pegunungan Lebanon, pohon-pohon ini telah banyak dipanen selama bertahun-tahun untuk mendapatkan kayunya yang berharga dan hanya sedikit pohon dewasa yang tersisa.. Meskipun demikian, Lebanon memiliki hutan yang lebih lebat daripada kebanyakan negara lain di kawasan. Pinus, ek, beech, cemara dan juniper dapat ditemukan di daerah pegunungan meskipun lembah Beqaa memiliki sedikit kanopi pohon. Akibat kayunya telah ditebang dan hutannya dihancurkan, semak belukarnya juga telah rusak. Pohon asli lainnya seperti apel liar Lebanon, pohon Judas dan maple Suriah ditanam secara eksperimental sebagai strategi konservasi. didirikan pada tahun 1996 untuk melestarikan rumpun pohon aras tua di Lebanon tengah. Area ini mencakup 550 km2 (212 mil persegi), yang merupakan 5,3% dari total luas negara, dan termasuk 620 hektar (1.500 hektar) hutan cedar yang berhasil beregenerasi. Terdapat 24 jenis pohon di cagar alam dan 436 spesies tumbuhan, termasuk sekitar 48 spesies yang endemik di Lebanon, Suriah dan Turki. Selain pohon, terdapat banyak tumbuhan berbunga, pakis dan lumut di negara ini. Beberapa tumbuhan berbunga dan tumbuhan tahunan tumbuh setelah hujan musim dingin, saat kondisi tanah cukup lembab. Salah satu tumbuhan endemik negara ini adalah yang terancam punah, ditemukan di semak berbatu pada sisi barat Gunung Lebanon. (in)
- dbr:Calendula_arvensis
- dbr:Carex_leersii
- dbr:Castanea_sativa
- dbr:Catapodium_rigidum
- dbr:Amelanchier_ovalis
- dbr:Ammophila_arenaria
- dbr:Beckmannia_eruciformis
- dbr:Beech
- dbr:Bellis_annua
- dbr:Potamogeton_perfoliatus
- dbr:Prunus_dulcis
- dbr:Pseudoturritis_turrita
- dbr:Puschkinia_scilloides
- dbr:Rosa_micrantha
- dbr:Sambucus_nigra
- dbr:Eleocharis_geniculata
- dbr:Eleusine_indica
- dbr:Endemism
- dbr:Ephedra_alata
- dbr:Epilobium_hirsutum
- dbr:Epilobium_lanceolatum
- dbr:Epilobium_montanum
- dbr:Epilobium_parviflorum
- dbr:Epilobium_tetragonum
- dbr:Epipactis_helleborine
- dbr:Lythrum_hyssopifolia
- dbr:Lythrum_junceum
- dbr:Lythrum_tribracteatum
- dbr:Hainardia_cylindrica
- dbr:Melica_ciliata
- dbr:Melica_eligulata
- dbr:Melica_persica
- dbr:Melica_uniflora
- dbr:Melilotus_indicus
- dbr:Melilotus_officinalis
- dbr:Mentha_spicata
- dbr:Mercurialis_annua
- dbr:Mesembryanthemum_nodiflorum
- dbr:Metzgeria_furcata
- dbr:Moraea_sisyrinchium
- dbr:Sternbergia_pulchella
- dbr:Ophrys_omegaifera
- dbr:Phytolacca_pruinosa
- dbr:Ononis_natrix
- dbr:Ononis_reclinata
- dbr:Paronychia_argentea
- dbr:Paronychia_macrosepala
- dbr:Paspalum_dilatatum
- dbr:Paspalum_distichum
- dbr:Pastinaca_sativa
- dbr:Umbilicus_horizontalis
- dbr:Sorbus_aria
- dbr:Vinca_herbacea
- dbr:Bellardia_trixago
- dbr:Bellis_perennis
- dbr:Bellis_sylvestris
- dbr:Borago_officinalis
- dbr:Delphinium_staphisagria
- dbr:Desmostachya_bipinnata
- dbr:Alhagi_maurorum
- dbr:Alisma_lanceolatum
- dbr:Alisma_plantago-aquatica
- dbr:Alkanna_tinctoria
- dbr:Allium_ampeloprasum
- dbr:Allium_asclepiadeum
- dbr:Allium_atroviolaceum
- dbr:Allium_basalticum
- dbr:Allium_calyptratum
- dbr:Allium_carmeli
- dbr:Allium_cassium
- dbr:Allium_chloranthum
- dbr:Allium_curtum
- dbr:Allium_daninianum
- dbr:Allium_dictyoprasum
- dbr:Allium_drusorum
- dbr:Allium_dumetorum
- dbr:Allium_erdelii
- dbr:Allium_feinbergii
- dbr:Allium_libani
- dbr:Allium_meronense
- dbr:Allium_neapolitanum
- dbr:Allium_orientale
- dbr:Allium_pallens
- dbr:Allium_qasyunense
- dbr:Allium_rothii
- dbr:Allium_rotundum
- dbr:Allium_rupicola
- dbr:Allium_sannineum
- dbr:Allium_sativum
- dbr:Allium_schubertii
- dbr:Allium_scorodoprasum
- dbr:Allium_sindjarense
- dbr:Allium_sphaerocephalon
- dbr:Allium_stamineum
- dbr:Allium_subhirsutum
- dbr:Allium_trachycoleum
- dbr:Allium_trifoliatum
- dbr:Allium_truncatum
- dbr:Allium_vineale
- dbr:Allium_zebdanense
- dbr:Alnus_orientalis
- dbr:Andropogon_distachyos
- dbr:Anogramma_leptophylla
- dbr:Anthemis_cotula
- dbr:Anthemis_cretica
- dbr:Arabis_caucasica
- dbr:Arbutus_andrachne
- dbr:Arceuthobium_oxycedri
- dbr:Arctium_minus
- dbr:Arenaria_leptoclados
- dbr:Arenaria_libanotica
- dbr:Argentina_anserina
- dbr:Hypericum_nanum
- dbr:Hypericum_pallens
- dbr:Hypericum_perforatum
- dbr:Berula_erecta
- dbr:Beta_vulgaris
- dbr:Pennisetum_setaceum
- dbr:Persicaria_amphibia
- dbr:Rheum_ribes
- dbr:Rhus_coriaria
- dbr:Ridolfia_segetum
- dbr:Cupressus_sempervirens
- dbr:Cuscuta_approximata
- dbr:Cuscuta_epithymum
- dbr:Cuscuta_europaea
- dbr:Cuscuta_monogyna
- dbr:Cutandia_maritima
- dbr:Cyclamen_coum
- dbr:Cynanchum_acutum
- dbr:Cynara_scolymus
- dbr:Cynoglossum_creticum
- dbr:Cynosurus_echinatus
- dbr:Cynosurus_elegans
- dbr:Cyperus_alopecuroides
- dbr:Cyperus_articulatus
- dbr:Cyperus_capitatus
- dbr:Cyperus_dives
- dbr:Cyperus_fuscus
- dbr:Cyperus_glaber
- dbr:Cyperus_laevigatus
- dbr:Cyperus_longus
- dbr:Cyperus_michelianus
- dbr:Cyperus_rotundus
- dbr:Cypress
- dbr:Cystopteris_fragilis
- dbr:Cytinus_hypocistis
- dbr:Dactylis_glomerata
- dbr:Dactyloctenium_aegyptium
- dbr:Dactylorhiza_romana
- dbr:Visnaga_daucoides
- dbr:Carduus_acicularis
- dbr:Doronicum_orientale
- dbr:Jacobaea_aquatica
- dbr:Lavandula_stoechas
- dbr:Lepidium_latifolium
- dbr:Lithospermum_arvense
- dbr:Lithospermum_officinale
- dbr:Lolium_perenne
- dbr:Lonicera_etrusca
- dbr:Lycopus_europaeus
- dbr:Lythrum_salicaria
- dbr:Malcolmia_maritima
- dbr:Mandragora_autumnalis
- dbr:Medicago_polymorpha
- dbr:Mentha_aquatica
- dbr:Mentha_longifolia
- dbr:Mentha_pulegium
- dbr:Myosotis_ramosissima
- dbr:Najas_minor
- dbr:Ophrys_lutea
- dbr:Ophrys_reinholdii
- dbr:Ophrys_sphegodes
- dbr:Ophrys_umbilicata
- dbr:Orchis_galilaea
- dbr:Orchis_patens
- dbr:Orchis_punctulata
- dbr:Osmunda_regalis
- dbr:Oxalis_pes-caprae
- dbr:Pancratium_maritimum
- dbr:Papaver_dubium
- dbr:Persicaria_hydropiper
- dbr:Persicaria_maculosa
- dbr:Plantago_lanceolata
- dbr:Platanthera_chlorantha
- dbr:Platanthera_holmboei
- dbr:Poa_annua
- dbr:Polygonum_aviculare
- dbr:Portulaca_oleracea
- dbr:Potamogeton_berchtoldii
- dbr:Potamogeton_lucens
- dbr:Potentilla_micrantha
- dbr:Prunella_vulgaris
- dbr:Prunus_mahaleb
- dbr:Prunus_prostrata
- dbr:Ranunculus_sceleratus
- dbr:Reseda_lutea
- dbr:Rhododendron_ponticum
- dbr:Ruppia_maritima
- dbr:Ruscus_aculeatus
- dbr:Scandix_pecten-veneris
- dbr:Setaria_viridis
- dbr:Silene_gallica
- dbr:Silene_latifolia
- dbr:Sisymbrium_orientale
- dbr:Spergula_arvensis
- dbr:Spergularia_media
- dbr:Stachys_arvensis
- dbr:Lilium_candidum
- dbr:Limbarda_crithmoides
- dbr:Limodorum_abortivum
- dbr:Limonium_narbonense
- dbr:Limonium_sinuatum
- dbr:Limonium_virgatum
- dbr:Linaria_chalepensis
- dbr:Taraxacum_officinale
- dbr:Rhamnus_lycioides
- dbr:Pellia_epiphylla
- dbr:Pennisetum_glaucum
- dbr:Pennisetum_orientale
- dbr:Potamogeton_nodosus
- dbr:Potamogeton_trichoides
- dbr:Potentilla_supina
- dbr:Prasium_majus
- dbr:Prunus_arabica
- dbr:Prunus_argentea
- dbr:Prunus_cocomilia
- dbr:Prunus_microcarpa
- dbr:Pteridium_aquilinum
- dbr:Pteris_vittata
- dbr:Puccinellia_distans
- dbr:Rubus_ulmifolius
- dbr:Salvia_viscosa
- dbr:Trifolium_arvense
- dbr:Thymelaea_hirsuta
- dbr:Persicaria_salicifolia
- dbr:Crataegus_monogyna
- dbr:Crupina_crupinastrum
- dbr:Crypsis_aculeata
- dbr:Anacamptis_collina
- dbr:Anacamptis_coriophora
- dbr:Anacamptis_laxiflora
- dbr:Anacamptis_papilionacea
- dbr:Anacamptis_pyramidalis
- dbr:Anacamptis_sancta
- dbr:Anacyclus_clavatus
- dbr:Anacyclus_radiatus
- dbr:Anagallis_arvensis
- dbr:Anchusa_azurea
- dbr:Anchusa_strigosa
- dbr:Andrachne_telephioides
- dbr:Medicago_sativa
- dbr:Melissa_officinalis
- dbr:Rumex_acetosella
- dbr:Rumex_spinosus
- dbr:Saccharum_ravennae
- dbr:Chenopodium_opulifolium
- dbr:Elymus_repens
- dbr:Erodium_acaule
- dbr:Erodium_botrys
- dbr:Erodium_cicutarium
- dbr:Erodium_laciniatum
- dbr:Erodium_malacoides
- dbr:Erodium_moschatum
- dbr:Eryngium_bourgatii
- dbr:Eryngium_campestre
- dbr:Eryngium_creticum
- dbr:Eryngium_maritimum
- dbr:Erysimum_repandum
- dbr:Gastridium_ventricosum
- dbr:Pinus_halepensis
- dbr:Salvia_multicaulis
- dbr:Schismus_barbatus
- dbr:Senecio_vulgaris
- dbr:Quercus_ithaburensis
- dbr:Taeniatherum_caput-medusae
- dbr:Myosurus_minimus
- dbr:Parietaria_judaica
- dbr:Ononis_spinosa
- dbr:Rhamnus_alaternus
- dbr:Ranunculus_asiaticus
- dbr:Ranunculus_peltatus
- dbr:Sagina_apetala
- dbr:Senecio_vernalis
- dbr:Smyrnium_olusatrum
- dbr:Themeda_quadrivalvis
- dbr:Pulicaria_vulgaris
- dbr:Pyracantha_coccinea
- dbr:Pyrus_syriaca
- dbr:Quercus_coccifera
- dbr:Quercus_infectoria
- dbr:Quercus_look
- dbr:Quercus_macranthera
- dbr:Quercus_petraea
- dbr:Quercus_vulcanica
- dbr:Quercus_brantii
- dbr:Radiola_linoides
- dbr:Scrophularia_peregrina
- dbr:Scutellaria_orientalis
- dbr:Secale_cereale
- *Zannichellia palustris subsp. palustris *Zannichellia palustris subsp. pedicellata *Zingeria trichopoda *Ziziphora capitata subsp. capitata *Ziziphora capitata subsp. orientalis *Ziziphora taurica *Ziziphora taurica subsp. taurica *Ziziphora tenuior *Ziziphus jujuba *Ziziphus spina-christi *Zoegea leptaurea subsp. leptaurea *Zygophyllum eurypterum *Zygophyllum fabago subsp. fabago (en)
- Flora of Lebanon (en)
- قائمة نباتات لبنان (ar)
- Flora Lebanon (in)