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Fort Robinson és un antic fort de l'exèrcit dels Estats Units (United States Army) a la regió de Pine Ridge (Nebraska) i actualment un parc estatal (state park). L'agost de 1873, la es va traslladar des del riu North Platte al riu White, prop de l'actual Crawford (Nebraska). El govern dels Estats Units va autoritzar l'establiment d'un campament militar al lloc de l'agència (Agency) que era on vivien uns 13.000 amerindis lakota, alguns d'ells eren hostils, l'agència va ser una font de tensió a les Great Plains. Aquest campament es va dir Camp Robinson en honor del Lt. Levi H. Robinson, mort pels amerindis el febrer. El mes de maig el campament es va traslladar a 1,5 km de l'agència a l'actual ubicació; el campament elgener de 1878 va ser reanomenat Fort Robinson. Fort Robinson va tenir un paper principal en les de 1876 a 1890. La hi va tenir lloc a prop el juliol de 1876. Crazy Horse es va rendir allà el 6 de maig de 1877. El 5 de setembre va ser ferit de mort quan es resistia a ser empresonat. A historic plaque marks the site of his death. El gener de 1879, El Cap (també conegut com a Dull Knife) va dur els xeienes del nord des de l'agència, com que els xeienes van refusar tornar al territori indi (Indian Territory), l'exèrcit els va retenir durant l'hivern en molt males condicions i en va matar molts. El 1885, el 9è regiment (9th Cavalry Regiment) altrament dit , es va estacionar a Fort Robinson. Era una unitat totalment composta d'homes afroamericans. , un oficial negre graduat a l'Acadèmia Militar dels Estats Units, era, en aquell moment, la persona de raça negra de més rang a la US Army arribant fins al grau de coronel. L'any 1919, Fort Robinson va esdevenir el lloc de remunta militar (amb cavalls i mules) més gran dels Estats Units. Durant la Segona Guerra Mundial aquest fort va ser un lloc d'entrenament de gossos policies i més tard d'internament de presoners nazis. L'exèrcit va decidir abandonar Fort Robinson el 1947; i va passar a ser propietat de l'U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), per a una estació de recerca en la cria de bovins. Aquest fort va ser declarat un el 1960. El USDA l'any 1971 el va transferir a l'Estat de Nebraska. Hi ha un museu d'història (Fort Robinson Museum) (ca) Fort Robinson ist ein ehemaliger Stützpunkt der United States Army und heute ein State Park im Bundesstaat Nebraska. Fort Robinson liegt im Nord-Westen des Bundesstaates in der Region Pine Ridge im Dawes County am Rande der Gemeinde Crawford. Fort Robinson wurde im März 1874 auf dem Gebiet der Red Cloud Agency des Bureau of Indian Affairs, einer Abteilung des amerikanischen Innenministeriums gegründet. Das Fort wurde nach Leutnant Levi H. Robinson benannt, der im Februar 1874 von Indianern getötet worden war. Das Fort spielte eine wesentliche Rolle in den Sioux-Kriegen. Crazy Horse, der Anführer der Oglala Sioux wurde am 5. September 1877 im Fort getötet. Das Fort wurde 1947 von der Armee aufgegeben. 1956 wurde ein Museum eröffnet. 1960 wurde es zum National Historic Landmark erklärt. (de) Fort Robinson is a former U.S. Army fort and now a major feature of Fort Robinson State Park, a 22,000-acre (8,900 ha) public recreation and historic preservation area located 2 miles (3.2 km) west of Crawford on U.S. Route 20 in the Pine Ridge region of northwest Nebraska. The fort was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960 and is part of the Fort Robinson and Red Cloud Agency historic district. This includes Fort Robinson and the site of the second Red Cloud Agency (about 1.5 mi (2.4 km) to the east). The district also includes the Camp Camby site and the 1886 Percy Homestead. The fort is managed by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, with some individual buildings operated by the History Nebraska and the University of Nebraska. (en) Fort Robinson, appelé initialement Camp Robinson, est un poste militaire de la United States Army établi le 8 mars 1874 à proximité de la ville actuelle de Crawford dans le Nebraska. Nommé en l'honneur du lieutenant Levi H. Robinson, tué le 9 février 1874 par des Amérindiens, le fort est abandonné en 1948. C'est à Fort Robinson que le chef sioux lakota Crazy Horse se rend en 1877, avec trois cents familles sioux épuisées par l'hiver 1876-1877 et par la traque incessante des soldats, pour finalement être emprisonné et tué. C'est également dans cet endroit que, deux ans plus tard, en hiver 1878-1879, l'armée commit ce qui fut appelé le (en). Plusieurs dizaines de Cheyennes du Nord qui avaient refusé de rester confinés dans leurs réserves du Kansas pour tenter de rejoindre leurs territoires traditionnels du Wyoming et du Montana sous la conduite du chef Dull Knife y furent tués, après y avoir été emprisonnés (ainsi que privés de vivre et de combustible de chauffage), et avoir tenté de s'en évader. Ce massacre souleva une vague d'indignation dans le pays. Des descendants Cheyennes y commémorent leurs ancêtres chaque année le 9 janvier. (fr) Fort Robinson era un'installazione dell'Esercito degli Stati Uniti situata nel Nebraska, nei pressi della città di Crawford. Il forte ricoprive un'area di 22.000 acri, circa 8900 ettari, divisa fra le contee di Dawes e Sioux. (it) |
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Fort Robinson ist ein ehemaliger Stützpunkt der United States Army und heute ein State Park im Bundesstaat Nebraska. Fort Robinson liegt im Nord-Westen des Bundesstaates in der Region Pine Ridge im Dawes County am Rande der Gemeinde Crawford. Fort Robinson wurde im März 1874 auf dem Gebiet der Red Cloud Agency des Bureau of Indian Affairs, einer Abteilung des amerikanischen Innenministeriums gegründet. Das Fort wurde nach Leutnant Levi H. Robinson benannt, der im Februar 1874 von Indianern getötet worden war. Das Fort spielte eine wesentliche Rolle in den Sioux-Kriegen. Crazy Horse, der Anführer der Oglala Sioux wurde am 5. September 1877 im Fort getötet. Das Fort wurde 1947 von der Armee aufgegeben. 1956 wurde ein Museum eröffnet. 1960 wurde es zum National Historic Landmark erklärt. (de) Fort Robinson era un'installazione dell'Esercito degli Stati Uniti situata nel Nebraska, nei pressi della città di Crawford. Il forte ricoprive un'area di 22.000 acri, circa 8900 ettari, divisa fra le contee di Dawes e Sioux. (it) Fort Robinson és un antic fort de l'exèrcit dels Estats Units (United States Army) a la regió de Pine Ridge (Nebraska) i actualment un parc estatal (state park). L'agost de 1873, la es va traslladar des del riu North Platte al riu White, prop de l'actual Crawford (Nebraska). El govern dels Estats Units va autoritzar l'establiment d'un campament militar al lloc de l'agència (Agency) que era on vivien uns 13.000 amerindis lakota, alguns d'ells eren hostils, l'agència va ser una font de tensió a les Great Plains. Hi ha un museu d'història (Fort Robinson Museum) (ca) Fort Robinson is a former U.S. Army fort and now a major feature of Fort Robinson State Park, a 22,000-acre (8,900 ha) public recreation and historic preservation area located 2 miles (3.2 km) west of Crawford on U.S. Route 20 in the Pine Ridge region of northwest Nebraska. (en) Fort Robinson, appelé initialement Camp Robinson, est un poste militaire de la United States Army établi le 8 mars 1874 à proximité de la ville actuelle de Crawford dans le Nebraska. Nommé en l'honneur du lieutenant Levi H. Robinson, tué le 9 février 1874 par des Amérindiens, le fort est abandonné en 1948. C'est à Fort Robinson que le chef sioux lakota Crazy Horse se rend en 1877, avec trois cents familles sioux épuisées par l'hiver 1876-1877 et par la traque incessante des soldats, pour finalement être emprisonné et tué. (fr) |
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