Fraternization (original) (raw)
Als Fraternisierung, auch Fraternisation (Verbrüderung von lateinisch frater: „Bruder“), wird im Krieg bzw. in der Besatzungszeit die Zusammenarbeit von Soldaten einander feindlich gesinnter Kriegsparteien oder zwischen Besatzungssoldaten und der einheimischen Bevölkerung bezeichnet. Oft ist die Fraternisierung den Soldaten durch die militärische Führung verboten. Fraternisierung hat daher oft militärrechtliche Konnotationen, im Gegensatz zum Begriff der Verbrüderung, der auch die Zusammenarbeit mehrerer Individuen, Personenverbünde und Staaten in Phasen des Friedens meint.
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| dbo:abstract | Als Fraternisierung, auch Fraternisation (Verbrüderung von lateinisch frater: „Bruder“), wird im Krieg bzw. in der Besatzungszeit die Zusammenarbeit von Soldaten einander feindlich gesinnter Kriegsparteien oder zwischen Besatzungssoldaten und der einheimischen Bevölkerung bezeichnet. Oft ist die Fraternisierung den Soldaten durch die militärische Führung verboten. Fraternisierung hat daher oft militärrechtliche Konnotationen, im Gegensatz zum Begriff der Verbrüderung, der auch die Zusammenarbeit mehrerer Individuen, Personenverbünde und Staaten in Phasen des Friedens meint. (de) Fraternization (from Latin frater, brother) is "to become brothers" by conducting social relations with people who are actually unrelated and/or of a different class (especially those with whom one works) as if they were siblings, family members, personal friends, or lovers. To fraternize also means to become allies with someone, especially the enemy. In many institutional contexts (such as militaries, diplomatic corps, parliaments, prisons, law enforcement or police, schools, sports teams, gangs and corporations) fraternization transgresses legal, moral, or professional norms forbidding certain categories of social contact across socially or legally defined classes. The term often tends to connote impropriety, unprofessionalism or a lack of ethics. For example, "fraternization with the enemy" refers to associations with members of enemy groups and suggests a serious conflict of strong, deep, and close romantic interest and attraction, if not the possibility of treason, "fraternization with civilians" typically suggests transgression of norms forbidding non-civilians and civilians from forming close nonprofessional relationships (such as romantically or platonically); and "fraternization of officers with enlisted personnel" or "seniors with their juniors" (the usual meaning in a military context) describes associations that are implied to be irregular, unprofessional, improper, or imprudent in ways that negatively affect the members and goals of the organization. Many institutions worldwide implement policies forbidding forms of fraternization for many specific reasons. Fraternization may be forbidden to maintain image and morale, to protect and ensure fair and uniform treatment of subordinates, to maintain organizational integrity and the ability to achieve operational goals, and to prevent unauthorized transfers of information. Relations and activities forbidden under anti-fraternization policies may be romantic and sexual liaisons, gambling and ongoing business relationships, insubordination, or excessive familiarity and disrespect of rank. Views on fraternization are mixed and may depend on the relations and classes under discussion. Organizations may relax, change, or reinforce restrictions to reflect changes in the prevailing organizational view or doctrine regarding fraternization. Within an in-group fraternization may lead to friendship and self actualization. (en) Une fraternisation est un cas où, durant un conflit civil ou armé, des membres de partis opposés cessent les hostilités à la suite d'un renversement des convictions de l'un des deux camps ou de l'accord sur un but commun. Également dénommée fraternisation avec l'ennemi, les autorités militaires considèrent la plupart du temps les fraternisations comme des cas de mutinerie. (fr) Брата́ние — стихийное прекращение вражды или военных действий либо заключение братского союза. Известны ситуации, когда дружеские или доброжелательные отношения между некоторыми группами людей запрещались. К таким группам в разное время относились: * солдаты противоборствующих армий; * оккупанты и население оккупированных территорий; * солдаты, присланные усмирять народные волнения, и бунтующее население; * верующие разных религий; * охранники, вольнонаёмные и заключённые; * представители некоторых каст, социальных слоёв; * и другие. Тем не менее, в истории имели место несанкционированные прекращения вражды, несмотря на то, что они осуждались официальной моралью, а нередко и преследовались властями вплоть до обвинения в государственной измене. (ru) |
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| rdfs:comment | Als Fraternisierung, auch Fraternisation (Verbrüderung von lateinisch frater: „Bruder“), wird im Krieg bzw. in der Besatzungszeit die Zusammenarbeit von Soldaten einander feindlich gesinnter Kriegsparteien oder zwischen Besatzungssoldaten und der einheimischen Bevölkerung bezeichnet. Oft ist die Fraternisierung den Soldaten durch die militärische Führung verboten. Fraternisierung hat daher oft militärrechtliche Konnotationen, im Gegensatz zum Begriff der Verbrüderung, der auch die Zusammenarbeit mehrerer Individuen, Personenverbünde und Staaten in Phasen des Friedens meint. (de) Une fraternisation est un cas où, durant un conflit civil ou armé, des membres de partis opposés cessent les hostilités à la suite d'un renversement des convictions de l'un des deux camps ou de l'accord sur un but commun. Également dénommée fraternisation avec l'ennemi, les autorités militaires considèrent la plupart du temps les fraternisations comme des cas de mutinerie. (fr) Fraternization (from Latin frater, brother) is "to become brothers" by conducting social relations with people who are actually unrelated and/or of a different class (especially those with whom one works) as if they were siblings, family members, personal friends, or lovers. To fraternize also means to become allies with someone, especially the enemy. (en) Брата́ние — стихийное прекращение вражды или военных действий либо заключение братского союза. Известны ситуации, когда дружеские или доброжелательные отношения между некоторыми группами людей запрещались. К таким группам в разное время относились: * солдаты противоборствующих армий; * оккупанты и население оккупированных территорий; * солдаты, присланные усмирять народные волнения, и бунтующее население; * верующие разных религий; * охранники, вольнонаёмные и заключённые; * представители некоторых каст, социальных слоёв; * и другие. (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Fraternisierung (Krieg) (de) Fraternization (en) Fraternisation (fr) Братание (ru) |
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