GAVI (original) (raw)
التحالف العالمي للقاحات والتحصين (بالإنجليزية: Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance) (اختصار GAVI؛ وكان سابقاً التحالف العالمي من أجل اللقاحات والتمنيع، وقبل ذلك التحالف العالمي للقاحات والتطعيم) هي شراكة صحية عالمية بين القطاعين العام والخاص ملتزمة بزيادة فرص التحصين في البلدان الفقيرة. تجمع جافى الحكومات النامية والجهات المانحة، ومنظمة الصحة العالمية، واليونيسف، والبنك الدولي، وصناعة اللقاحات في كل من الدول الصناعية والنامية، والوكالات البحثية والتقنية، والمجتمع المدني، ومؤسسة بيل وميليندا غيتس وغيرها من المؤسسات الخاصة والفاعلة للخير.
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| dbo:abstract | التحالف العالمي للقاحات والتحصين (بالإنجليزية: Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance) (اختصار GAVI؛ وكان سابقاً التحالف العالمي من أجل اللقاحات والتمنيع، وقبل ذلك التحالف العالمي للقاحات والتطعيم) هي شراكة صحية عالمية بين القطاعين العام والخاص ملتزمة بزيادة فرص التحصين في البلدان الفقيرة. تجمع جافى الحكومات النامية والجهات المانحة، ومنظمة الصحة العالمية، واليونيسف، والبنك الدولي، وصناعة اللقاحات في كل من الدول الصناعية والنامية، والوكالات البحثية والتقنية، والمجتمع المدني، ومؤسسة بيل وميليندا غيتس وغيرها من المؤسسات الخاصة والفاعلة للخير. (ar) GAVI, oficialment Gavi, la Vaccine Alliance (anteriorment GAVI Alliance, i abans Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization, d'aquí el GAVI, traduït com l'Aliança Global per a les Vacunes i la Immunització) és una associació de salut mundial pública-privada amb l'objectiu d'augmentar l'accés a la immunització als països pobres. GAVI reuneix els governs de països en desenvolupament i donants, l'Organització Mundial de la Salut, l'UNICEF, el Banc Mundial, la indústria de les vacunes tant en països industrialitzats com en desenvolupament, agències de recerca i tècniques, societat civil, la Fundació Bill i Melinda Gates i altres filantrops privats. GAVI té la condició d'observador a l'. S'ha elogiat GAVI per ser innovador, eficaç i menys burocràtic que les institucions governamentals multilaterals com l'OMS. Els programes GAVI sovint poden produir resultats quantificats, políticament atractius i fàcils d'explicar dins d'un cicle electoral, que resulten atractius per a partits tancats en un cicle electoral. Actualment dona suport a la vacunació de gairebé la meitat dels nens del món, cosa que li dona poder per negociar millors preus per als països més pobres del món i eliminar els riscos comercials als quals s'enfrontaven els fabricants al servei d'aquest mercat. També proporciona finançament per enfortir els sistemes de salut i formar treballadors sanitaris a tot el món en desenvolupament. Fins ara Gavi ha ajudat a vacunar més de 760 milions de nens, evitant més de 13 milions de morts a tot el món, contribuint a augmentar la cobertura de la vacuna DTP3 en països amb suport del 59% el 2000 al 81% el 2019, contribuint a reduir a la meitat la mortalitat infantil. GAVI ha estat criticat per donar als donants privats més poder unilateral per decidir sobre els objectius globals de la salut, prioritzant vacunes noves i costoses, alhora que posa menys diners i esforços en ampliar la cobertura de les antigues i barates, perjudicant els sistemes sanitaris locals, gastant massa en subvencions a grans empreses farmacèutiques rendibles sense reduir els preus d'algunes vacunes, i els seus conflictes d'interessos per tenir fabricants de vacunes al seu consell de govern. GAVI ha pres mesures per abordar algunes d'aquestes preocupacions. L'aproximació de GAVI a la salut pública s'ha descrit com a empresarial i centrat en la tecnologia, mitjançant mesures orientades al mercat i buscant resultats quantificables. Aquest model, anomenat "enfocament de Gates" o enfocament de tipus americà, es exemplificat per GAVI. Contrasta amb l'enfocament tipificat per la Declaració d'Alma-Ata, que se centra en els efectes dels sistemes polítics, socials i culturals sobre la salut. (ca) Gavi, die Impfallianz (engl. Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance; früher Globale Allianz für Impfstoffe und Immunisierung, engl. Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation) ist eine weltweit tätige öffentlich-private Partnerschaft mit Sitz in Genf. In der Schweiz hat sie den Status einer Stiftung nach Schweizer Recht. Ihr Ziel ist es, den Zugang zu Impfungen vor allem für Kinder gegen vermeidbare lebensbedrohliche Krankheiten in Entwicklungsländern zu verbessern. Mitglieder sind Regierungen von Industrie- und Entwicklungsländern, die Weltgesundheitsorganisation, UNICEF, die Weltbank, die Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Nichtregierungsorganisationen, Impfstoffhersteller aus Industrie- und Entwicklungsländern sowie Gesundheits- und Forschungseinrichtungen und weitere private Geber. Insgesamt gibt es 28 Stimmrechtsgruppen im Gavi-Verwaltungsrat, eine davon nimmt der Geschäftsführer (CEO) ein. Vorstandsvorsitzende der Impfallianz Gavi ist seit 2015 Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala. Ihr Vorgänger war Dagfinn Høybråten, der diese Position im Dezember 2010 von Mary Robinson übernahm. ist seit August 2011 Geschäftsführer der Impfallianz Gavi. (de) GAVI, officially Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance (previously the GAVI Alliance, and before that the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization) is a public–private global health partnership with the goal of increasing access to immunization in poor countries. In 2016, Gavi channeled more than half of total donor assistance for health, and most donor assistance for immunization, by monetary measure. Gavi supports the immunization of almost half the world's children. Gavi has helped immunize over 760 million children, preventing over 13 million deaths worldwide, helping increase diphtheria vaccine coverage in supported countries from 59% in 2000 to 81% in 2019, contributing to reducing child mortality by half. It also seeks to improve the economics of vaccines, negotiating bulk prices, supporting price discrimination, and reducing the commercial risks that manufacturers face when selling vaccines to the poor and developing vaccines. It also provides funding to strengthen health systems and train health workers across the developing world, though the effectiveness of its health-system-strengthening programs is disputed. Along with Global Health Initiatives (GHIs) in general, Gavi was described as innovative, effective, and less bureaucratic than multilateral government institutions like the WHO. Gavi programmes may produce quantified results within an election cycle, which is appealing to parties locked in an election cycle. One author described Gavi's approach to public health as business-oriented and technology-focused, using market-oriented measures, and seeking quantifiable results. Gavi follows a model termed the "Gates approach" or US-type approach. It contrasts with the approach typified by the Alma Ata Declaration, which focuses on the effects of political, social, and cultural systems on health. Gavi facilitates vaccinations in developing countries by working with donor governments, the World Health Organization, UNICEF, the World Bank, the vaccine industry in both industrialised and developing countries, research and technical agencies, civil society, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and other private philanthropists. Gavi has observer status at the World Health Assembly. GAVI has been criticized for giving private donors more unilateral power to decide on global health goals, prioritizing new, expensive vaccines while putting less money and effort into expanding coverage of old, cheap ones, harming local healthcare systems, spending too much on subsidies to large, profitable pharmaceutical companies without reducing the prices of some vaccines, and its conflicts of interest in having vaccine manufacturers on its governance board. Gavi has taken steps to address some of these concerns. (en) GAVI, oficialmente Gavi, la Alianza para la Vacunación (anteriormente la Alianza GAVI, y antes la Alianza Global para las Vacunas y la Inmunización), es una asociación mundial entre el sector público y el privado con sede en Ginebra y Washington. Uno de los principales fundadores es Bill Gates, quien participa junto a su esposa Melinda Gates a través de la Fundación Bill y Melinda Gates. Su objetivo es mejorar el acceso a la vacunación, en particular de los niños, contra las enfermedades prevenibles que amenazan la vida en los países en desarrollo. GAVI reúne a los gobiernos de países en vías de desarrollo y donantes, a la Organización Mundial de la Salud, a UNICEF, al Banco Mundial, a la industria de las vacunas tanto en países industrializados como en países en vías de desarrollo, a agencias técnicas y de investigación, a la sociedad civil, a la Fundación Bill y Melinda Gates y a otros filántropos privados. (es) Gavi, l'Alliance du Vaccin (anciennement GAVI pour Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization ou, en français, « l'Alliance globale pour les vaccins et l'immunisation ») est une organisation internationale créée en 2000 prenant la forme d'un partenariat des secteurs public et privé sur les questions d’immunisation qui a pour but d’accélérer les progrès des pays pauvres dans les possibilités d'accès des enfants à la vaccination et dans la palette de vaccins disponibles. L’Alliance rassemble, entre autres, l’expertise technique de l’OMS, la puissance d’achat en matière de vaccins de l’UNICEF et le savoir-faire financier de la Banque mondiale. Elle intègre également les connaissances en matière de recherche et de développement des fabricants de vaccins, les voix des pays en développement et de grands donateurs étatiques et privés tels que la Fondation Bill-et-Melinda-Gates. (fr) 세계 백신 면역 연합(영어: Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization, 약칭 GAVI)은 개발도상국에 백신에 대한 접근성을 높이기 위해 설립된 국제기구이다. 이 단체는 현재 세계 어린이들의 거의 절반의 면역화를 지원함으로써, 세계 최빈국을 위해 더 나은 가격을 협상하고 제조사들이 이 시장에 봉사하면서 직면했던 상업적 위험을 제거할 수 있는 힘을 준다. 또한 의료 시스템을 강화하고 개발도상국 전반에서 의료 인력을 양성하기 위한 자금도 제공한다. 현재까지 Gavi는 7억 6천만 명 이상의 어린이를 면역으로 만들어 전 세계적으로 1,300만 명 이상의 사망을 예방하고, 2000년 59%였던 DPT(DTP3) 백신을 2019년 81%로 증가시켜 아동 사망률 절반 감소에 기여했다. (ko) La GAVI Alliance (precedentemente Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation) è un ente di cooperazione mondiale tra soggetti pubblici e privati, che dichiara lo scopo di assicurare "l'immunizzazione per tutti". La sua missione strategica è salvare la vita dei bambini e proteggere la salute generale aumentando l'accesso all'immunizzazione nei paesi poveri. Gavi Alliance raccoglie governi, istituzioni, donatori privati e fondazioni, tra cui la Fondazione Bill & Melinda Gates. (it) Gaviアライアンス（Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance）は、子どもの予防接種プログラムの拡大を通じて、世界の子どもの命を救い、人々の健康を守ることをミッションとしたアライアンス（同盟）であり、民間セクター、公共セクターがともに参加する革新的なメカニズムである。ワクチンと予防接種のための世界同盟（Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization）より改称。（日本語でギャビと読む） 事務局はスイスのジュネーブにあり、アメリカのワシントンD.C.にも革新的資金調達を主業務とする事務所がある。現理事会議長はンコジ・オコンジョ＝イウェアラ氏（元ナイジェリア財務大臣）。現事務局長（CEO）はセス・バークレー氏（米国ニューヨーク出身、医学博士、疫学者）。上級資金調達官は北島千佳氏（日本国熊本県出身、JPOとしてユニセフで勤務後、2011年より現職）。重要な意思決定は、毎年2回の理事会で行われる。 (ja) Gavi (formeel “GAVI – The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations”) is een publiek-private samenwerking met als doel de toegang tot vaccinatie, vooral van kinderen, in arme landen te vergroten. GAVI brengt regeringen van ontwikkelingslanden en donorlanden samen met de Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie, UNICEF, de Wereldbank, de vaccinindustrie in zowel geïndustrialiseerde als ontwikkelingslanden, onderzoeksinstituten en technische instanties, het maatschappelijk middenveld, en particuliere filantropen zoals de Gates Foundation, die overigens initiatiefnemer was voor de alliantie. GAVI heeft de status van waarnemer bij de Wereldgezondheidsassemblee. GAVI oogstte veel lof omdat het innovatief, effectief en minder bureaucratisch is dan multilaterale overheidsinstellingen zoals de WHO. GAVI-programma's kunnen vaak kwantificeerbare, goed te communiceren resultaten opleveren. Vaccinatieprogramma’s blijken daarom ook politiek aantrekkelijk. Er is anderzijds ook kritiek op de zogenoemde “Gates-benadering”, die weliswaar gewonnen is voor ondersteuning van het gezondheidssysteem in zijn geheel, maar in de praktijk focust op snelle, meetbare resultaten door technische oplossingen. Ook binnen de WHO woedt deze discussie, en sommigen betreuren het feit dat deze “Gates-benadering” het mondiale gezondheidsbeleid domineert. (nl) GAVI (аббр. от англ. Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation — Глобальный альянс по вакцинам и иммунизации) — партнерство ряда частных и правительственных организаций, целью которого заявлено увеличение доступности детской вакцинации в бедных странах. В альянсе GAVI участвуют, в том числе, правительства некоторых развитых стран, ВОЗ, ЮНИСЕФ, Всемирный банк, компании-разработчики и производители вакцин из разных стран, исследовательские и технические агентства, общественные организации, различные фонды, включая Фонд Билла и Мелинды Гейтс и других филантропов. GAVI, совместно с Фондом Вакцин, поставляет вакцины более чем в 70 страны, в их числе — многие страны Африки, Азиатские страны (включая Китай, Индию, Пакистан) и некоторые другие. (ru) A GAVI Alliance (em inglês: Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance; em tradução livre: Gavi, a Aliança Das Vacinas) é uma iniciativa da Fundação Bill e Melinda Gates que se tornou realidade em 2000 com a ajuda de outros parceiros. Era uma época em que a distribuição das vacinas nas áreas mais pobres do mundo tinha começado a diminuir, já que no final do anos 90 as taxas da imunização estavam estagnadas ou em declínio. Quase 30 milhões de crianças nascidas a cada ano em países em desenvolvimento não estavam sendo imunizadas completamente. Em seu website, a Aliança se descreve como uma parceria público-privada, uma união de governos de países, com a Organização Mundial da Saúde, o Banco Mundial, a Fundação Bill & Melinda Gates e outros doadores, incluindo fundações, ONGs, associações profissionais e comunitárias, organizações religiosas e universidades; fabricantes de vacina; institutos de pesquisa e técnicos de saúde, entre outros. (pt) |
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| rdfs:comment | التحالف العالمي للقاحات والتحصين (بالإنجليزية: Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance) (اختصار GAVI؛ وكان سابقاً التحالف العالمي من أجل اللقاحات والتمنيع، وقبل ذلك التحالف العالمي للقاحات والتطعيم) هي شراكة صحية عالمية بين القطاعين العام والخاص ملتزمة بزيادة فرص التحصين في البلدان الفقيرة. تجمع جافى الحكومات النامية والجهات المانحة، ومنظمة الصحة العالمية، واليونيسف، والبنك الدولي، وصناعة اللقاحات في كل من الدول الصناعية والنامية، والوكالات البحثية والتقنية، والمجتمع المدني، ومؤسسة بيل وميليندا غيتس وغيرها من المؤسسات الخاصة والفاعلة للخير. (ar) 세계 백신 면역 연합(영어: Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization, 약칭 GAVI)은 개발도상국에 백신에 대한 접근성을 높이기 위해 설립된 국제기구이다. 이 단체는 현재 세계 어린이들의 거의 절반의 면역화를 지원함으로써, 세계 최빈국을 위해 더 나은 가격을 협상하고 제조사들이 이 시장에 봉사하면서 직면했던 상업적 위험을 제거할 수 있는 힘을 준다. 또한 의료 시스템을 강화하고 개발도상국 전반에서 의료 인력을 양성하기 위한 자금도 제공한다. 현재까지 Gavi는 7억 6천만 명 이상의 어린이를 면역으로 만들어 전 세계적으로 1,300만 명 이상의 사망을 예방하고, 2000년 59%였던 DPT(DTP3) 백신을 2019년 81%로 증가시켜 아동 사망률 절반 감소에 기여했다. (ko) La GAVI Alliance (precedentemente Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation) è un ente di cooperazione mondiale tra soggetti pubblici e privati, che dichiara lo scopo di assicurare "l'immunizzazione per tutti". La sua missione strategica è salvare la vita dei bambini e proteggere la salute generale aumentando l'accesso all'immunizzazione nei paesi poveri. Gavi Alliance raccoglie governi, istituzioni, donatori privati e fondazioni, tra cui la Fondazione Bill & Melinda Gates. (it) Gaviアライアンス（Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance）は、子どもの予防接種プログラムの拡大を通じて、世界の子どもの命を救い、人々の健康を守ることをミッションとしたアライアンス（同盟）であり、民間セクター、公共セクターがともに参加する革新的なメカニズムである。ワクチンと予防接種のための世界同盟（Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization）より改称。（日本語でギャビと読む） 事務局はスイスのジュネーブにあり、アメリカのワシントンD.C.にも革新的資金調達を主業務とする事務所がある。現理事会議長はンコジ・オコンジョ＝イウェアラ氏（元ナイジェリア財務大臣）。現事務局長（CEO）はセス・バークレー氏（米国ニューヨーク出身、医学博士、疫学者）。上級資金調達官は北島千佳氏（日本国熊本県出身、JPOとしてユニセフで勤務後、2011年より現職）。重要な意思決定は、毎年2回の理事会で行われる。 (ja) GAVI, oficialment Gavi, la Vaccine Alliance (anteriorment GAVI Alliance, i abans Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization, d'aquí el GAVI, traduït com l'Aliança Global per a les Vacunes i la Immunització) és una associació de salut mundial pública-privada amb l'objectiu d'augmentar l'accés a la immunització als països pobres. (ca) Gavi, die Impfallianz (engl. Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance; früher Globale Allianz für Impfstoffe und Immunisierung, engl. Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation) ist eine weltweit tätige öffentlich-private Partnerschaft mit Sitz in Genf. In der Schweiz hat sie den Status einer Stiftung nach Schweizer Recht. Ihr Ziel ist es, den Zugang zu Impfungen vor allem für Kinder gegen vermeidbare lebensbedrohliche Krankheiten in Entwicklungsländern zu verbessern. (de) GAVI, oficialmente Gavi, la Alianza para la Vacunación (anteriormente la Alianza GAVI, y antes la Alianza Global para las Vacunas y la Inmunización), es una asociación mundial entre el sector público y el privado con sede en Ginebra y Washington. Uno de los principales fundadores es Bill Gates, quien participa junto a su esposa Melinda Gates a través de la Fundación Bill y Melinda Gates. Su objetivo es mejorar el acceso a la vacunación, en particular de los niños, contra las enfermedades prevenibles que amenazan la vida en los países en desarrollo. (es) GAVI, officially Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance (previously the GAVI Alliance, and before that the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization) is a public–private global health partnership with the goal of increasing access to immunization in poor countries. In 2016, Gavi channeled more than half of total donor assistance for health, and most donor assistance for immunization, by monetary measure. (en) Gavi, l'Alliance du Vaccin (anciennement GAVI pour Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization ou, en français, « l'Alliance globale pour les vaccins et l'immunisation ») est une organisation internationale créée en 2000 prenant la forme d'un partenariat des secteurs public et privé sur les questions d’immunisation qui a pour but d’accélérer les progrès des pays pauvres dans les possibilités d'accès des enfants à la vaccination et dans la palette de vaccins disponibles. L’Alliance rassemble, entre autres, l’expertise technique de l’OMS, la puissance d’achat en matière de vaccins de l’UNICEF et le savoir-faire financier de la Banque mondiale. Elle intègre également les connaissances en matière de recherche et de développement des fabricants de vaccins, les voix des pays en développement e (fr) Gavi (formeel “GAVI – The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations”) is een publiek-private samenwerking met als doel de toegang tot vaccinatie, vooral van kinderen, in arme landen te vergroten. GAVI brengt regeringen van ontwikkelingslanden en donorlanden samen met de Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie, UNICEF, de Wereldbank, de vaccinindustrie in zowel geïndustrialiseerde als ontwikkelingslanden, onderzoeksinstituten en technische instanties, het maatschappelijk middenveld, en particuliere filantropen zoals de Gates Foundation, die overigens initiatiefnemer was voor de alliantie. GAVI heeft de status van waarnemer bij de Wereldgezondheidsassemblee. (nl) A GAVI Alliance (em inglês: Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance; em tradução livre: Gavi, a Aliança Das Vacinas) é uma iniciativa da Fundação Bill e Melinda Gates que se tornou realidade em 2000 com a ajuda de outros parceiros. Era uma época em que a distribuição das vacinas nas áreas mais pobres do mundo tinha começado a diminuir, já que no final do anos 90 as taxas da imunização estavam estagnadas ou em declínio. Quase 30 milhões de crianças nascidas a cada ano em países em desenvolvimento não estavam sendo imunizadas completamente. (pt) GAVI (аббр. от англ. Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation — Глобальный альянс по вакцинам и иммунизации) — партнерство ряда частных и правительственных организаций, целью которого заявлено увеличение доступности детской вакцинации в бедных странах. В альянсе GAVI участвуют, в том числе, правительства некоторых развитых стран, ВОЗ, ЮНИСЕФ, Всемирный банк, компании-разработчики и производители вакцин из разных стран, исследовательские и технические агентства, общественные организации, различные фонды, включая Фонд Билла и Мелинды Гейтс и других филантропов. (ru) |
| rdfs:label | التحالف العالمي للقاحات والتحصين (ar) GAVI (ca) Gavi, die Impfallianz (de) GAVI (es) GAVI (en) GAVI Alliance (fr) GAVI Alliance (it) 세계백신면역연합 (ko) GAVIアライアンス (ja) Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance (nl) GAVI Alliance (pt) GAVI (ru) |
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