Genuine progress indicator (original) (raw)
مؤشر التقدم الحقيقي (بالإنجليزية: Genuine progress indicator، اختصارًا GPI) هو مقياس تم اقتراحه لاستبدال أو تكملة الناتج المحلي الإجمالي. يتم تصميمه ليأخذ في الاعتبار بشكل كامل رفاهية الأمة، والتي يتعلق جزء منها فقط بحجم اقتصاد الدولة، من خلال دمج العوامل البيئية والاجتماعية التي لا يتم قياسها بواسطة الناتج المحلي الإجمالي. على سبيل المثال، تنخفض قيمة بعض نماذج مؤشر التقدم الحقيقي عندما يزيد معدل الفقر. يفصل مؤشر التقدم الحقيقي مفهوم التقدم المجتمعي عن النمو الاقتصادي .
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| dbo:abstract | مؤشر التقدم الحقيقي (بالإنجليزية: Genuine progress indicator، اختصارًا GPI) هو مقياس تم اقتراحه لاستبدال أو تكملة الناتج المحلي الإجمالي. يتم تصميمه ليأخذ في الاعتبار بشكل كامل رفاهية الأمة، والتي يتعلق جزء منها فقط بحجم اقتصاد الدولة، من خلال دمج العوامل البيئية والاجتماعية التي لا يتم قياسها بواسطة الناتج المحلي الإجمالي. على سبيل المثال، تنخفض قيمة بعض نماذج مؤشر التقدم الحقيقي عندما يزيد معدل الفقر. يفصل مؤشر التقدم الحقيقي مفهوم التقدم المجتمعي عن النمو الاقتصادي . (ar) L'índex de progrés real (IPR) o índex de progrés genuí (IPG) (en anglès, Genuine Progress Indicator, GPI), és un indicador que mesura el benestar econòmic i el progrés social d'un país, posicionant-se com a principal alternativa al PIB i al PIB per capita. Bàsicament, el que fa l'IPR és sumar tot allò que contribueix al benestar econòmic i restar-ne aquells factors que hi van en contra, permetent així que ens fem una millor idea de si una economia avança en la direcció correcta. D'aquesta manera, amplia el marc de la comptabilitat tradicional, incloent a l'alça les inversions netes de capital i les inversions en treball amb l'objectiu de reflectir activitats no remunerades pel mercat, com el treball domèstic no remunerat, el voluntariat i la cura de familiars. Comptabilitza a la baixa els costs derivats de la degradació ambiental i la , així com les desigualtats en la renta, el deute exterior i la delinqüència. És, doncs, un índex que té en compte factors ecològics i de desenvolupament sostenible com a necessaris per al benestar social. L'IPR mira de substituir el tant criticat producte interior brut (PIB) com a indicador de progrés econòmic. En l'economia estatunidenca, hom pot apreciar com, si bé el PIB per capita es duplicà entre 1950 i finals del segle XX –amb una diferència de només 50 anys–, l'IPR mostra unes dades no només diferents, sinó contràries: cresqué durant els anys 60 i 70, reduint-se posteriorment –fins a un 45% des de 1970–. Aquestes dades mostrarien que l'economia real i el benestar s'han estancat, malgrat un augment del PIB per capita. (ca) Der Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) (deutsch Indikator echten Fortschritts oder echter Fortschrittsindikator) ist ein Wirtschaftsindikator, der das Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) ersetzen und an dessen Stelle eine bessere Einschätzung der Leistung von Volkswirtschaften erlauben soll. Er ist aus dem früheren Index der nachhaltigen wirtschaftlichen Wohlfahrt (Abkürzung ISEW von englisch Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare) hervorgegangen. Der GPI misst, ob das wirtschaftliche Wachstum eines Landes und die damit verbundene Mehrproduktion von Gütern und Dienstleistungen tatsächlich zu steigendem Wohlstand beziehungsweise Wohlbefinden führt. Der Unterschied zwischen dem BIP und dem GPI lässt sich mit dem Unterschied zwischen der Brutto- und der Nettobilanz eines Unternehmens vergleichen, wobei nur Letztere für die Zukunftsfähigkeit einer Firma entscheidend ist. Entsprechend liegt das Wachstum des GPI bei Null, wenn das gemessene Wachstum des BIP durch offene oder verdeckte Kosten wie Umweltschäden, Kriminalität oder abnehmende Gesundheit erzeugt worden ist. Zahlreiche hochentwickelte Länder (insbesondere EU-Staaten und Kanada) versuchen seit einigen Jahren, gemeinsame Kriterien für die Ermittlung eines vergleichbaren und objektiven GPI zu entwickeln. Der GPI darf also nicht als ein fest definierter und allgemein akzeptierter Index zur Wohlstandsmessung betrachtet werden. Er stellt vielmehr einen Versuch dar, die Schwächen des BIP zu überwinden und unterliegt zurzeit noch regelmäßigen Veränderungen. (de) Genuine progress indicator (GPI) is a metric that has been suggested to replace, or supplement, gross domestic product (GDP). The GPI is designed to take fuller account of the well-being of a nation, only a part of which pertains to the size of the nation's economy, by incorporating environmental and social factors which are not measured by GDP. For instance, some models of GPI decrease in value when the poverty rate increases. The GPI separates the concept of societal progress from economic growth. The GPI is used in ecological economics, "green" economics, sustainability and more inclusive types of economics. It factors in environmental and carbon footprints that businesses produce or eliminate, including in the forms of resource depletion, pollution and long-term environmental damage. GDP is increased twice when pollution is created, since it increases once upon creation (as a side-effect of some valuable process) and again when the pollution is cleaned up; in contrast, GPI counts the initial pollution as a loss rather than a gain, generally equal to the amount it will cost to clean up later plus the cost of any negative impact the pollution will have in the meantime. While quantifying costs and benefits of these environmental and social externalities is a difficult task, "Earthster-type databases could bring more precision and currency to GPI's metrics." It has been noted that such data may also be embraced by those who attempt to "internalize externalities" by making companies pay the costs of the pollution they create (rather than having the government or society at large bear those costs) "by taxing their goods proportionally to their negative ecological and social impacts". GPI is an attempt to measure whether the environmental impact and social costs of economic production and consumption in a country are negative or positive factors in overall health and well-being. By accounting for the costs borne by the society as a whole to repair or control pollution and poverty, GPI balances GDP spending against external costs. GPI advocates claim that it can more reliably measure economic progress, as it distinguishes between the overall "shift in the 'value basis' of a product, adding its ecological impacts into the equation". Comparatively speaking, the relationship between GDP and GPI is analogous to the relationship between the gross profit of a company and the net profit; the net profit is the gross profit minus the costs incurred, while the GPI is the GDP (value of all goods and services produced) minus the environmental and social costs. Accordingly, the GPI will be zero if the financial costs of poverty and pollution equal the financial gains in production of goods and services, all other factors being constant. (en) El Índice de progreso real, IPR o Índice de progreso genuino, IPG (en inglés Genuine progress indicator, GPI), es un indicador para medir el bienestar económico y el progreso social de un país. Se viene aplicando desde 1950. El IPR amplia el marco de la contabilidad tradicional incluyendo al alza las inversiones netas de capital y las inversiones en trabajo con el objeto de reflejar actividades no remuneradas por el mercado, como el trabajo doméstico no remunerado, el voluntariado y el cuidado de familiares. Contabiliza a la baja los costes derivados de la degradación ambiental y la pérdida de recursos naturales, las desigualdades de renta, la deuda externa y la delincuencia. Se considera un índice que tiene en cuenta valores ecológicos y el desarrollo sostenible como necesarios para el bienestar social. El IPR está diseñado para sustituir tanto al criticado Producto interno bruto (PIB) como indicador de progreso económico. (es) L'indicateur de progrès véritable (IPV) est un indicateur alternatif au produit intérieur brut (PIB) ou à l'indice de développement humain (IDH) pour tenter de mesurer l'évolution du bien-être réel d'un pays. Alors que le PIB ne mesure que l'activité économique monétaire, l'indicateur de progrès véritable : * ajoute au PIB la valeur estimée des activités économiques non monétaires, comme le travail domestique ou les activités bénévoles ; * retranche du PIB la valeur estimée des richesses naturelles perdues (dommages à l'environnement, destruction des ressources non renouvelables, etc.) et des dégâts sociaux (chômage, délits, crimes, délinquances, accidents, maladies, inégalités, etc.) Par son mode de calcul, il est très proche de l'indice de bien être durable. (fr) Il Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI), letteralmente "indicatore del progresso autentico" è un indice innovativo, che misura lo sviluppo economico, integrando nella sua analisi i fattori ambientali e l'inquinamento creato, o evitato, dall'attività d'impresa. Tale indice è usato nell'economia verde e nell'economia di assistenza sociale, con il quale si ottengono informazioni non rilevabili dal PIL. I fautori di questo indice sostengono che il GPI è una misura più attendibile del progresso economico, poiché considera tra i parametri fondamentali anche il consumo delle risorse naturali, il loro mancato o presente rinnovamento nel corso del tempo. Di conseguenza, il GPI sarà zero se i costi economici, ad esempio, dell'inquinamento uguagliano i ricavi nella produzione di beni e di servizi, rimanendo invariati gli altri fattori. L'indice è infatti calcolato distinguendo tra spese "positive" (che aumentano il benessere, come quelle per beni e servizi) e "negative" (ad esempio i costi di criminalità, inquinamento, incidenti stradali). A differenza del PIL, pur non registrando flussi monetari, questo indice prende anche in considerazione tutte quelle attività che contribuiscono ad accrescere il benessere di una società, per esempio il lavoro delle casalinghe o del volontariato. (it) 사회지표(社會指標)는 사회 복지수준을 나타내는 지표이다. GNP가 개인소득이나 민간설비투자 등 경제활동을 화폐량으로 계산한다. 그러나 사회지표는 GNP 계산에 직접 삽입하지 않는 항목이다. 즉 건강·교육·근로 생활의 질, 여가 활동, 생활의 질, 가족, 커뮤니티 등 국민 생활과 직접 관련이 있는 통계이며, 복지 수준을 나타내는 특징을 가지고 있다. 유의어로 참진보지수(genuine progress indicator, GPI)라는 용어가 사용되며 이는 GDP를 대체하거나 보충하는 지표이다. (ko) Индикатор подлинного прогресса (англ. genuine progress indicator, GPI) — обобщённый показатель, заменяющий ВВП в качестве интегральной меры экономического прогресса. GPI, как и ВВП, имеет денежное выражение, но в отличие от ВВП, суммирующего свои составляющие, в основе GPI лежит идея разделения на категории выгод и издержек, а итоговый показатель определяется как разность между ними. GPI стал одной из немногих альтернатив ВВП, широко обсуждаемых в научном сообществе и применяемых правительствами и неправительственными организациями для более точной оценки устойчивого экономического благосостояния (Talberth и др., 2007). Динамика GPI в развитых странах в последние десятилетия является одним из главных аргументов, используемых сторонниками концепции «нерентабельного роста». (ru) 真實發展指標( Genuine progress indicator，GPI ) 是一个旨在彌補国内生产总值 (GDP)的缺陷而提出的指标。 GPI中納入了更多的环境和社会因素，這樣的話可以更充分地體現出一个国家的幸福水平，而且其中只有一部分与国家的经济水平有关。例如当貧窮率增加时，GPI中的一些指數会下降。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | مؤشر التقدم الحقيقي (بالإنجليزية: Genuine progress indicator، اختصارًا GPI) هو مقياس تم اقتراحه لاستبدال أو تكملة الناتج المحلي الإجمالي. يتم تصميمه ليأخذ في الاعتبار بشكل كامل رفاهية الأمة، والتي يتعلق جزء منها فقط بحجم اقتصاد الدولة، من خلال دمج العوامل البيئية والاجتماعية التي لا يتم قياسها بواسطة الناتج المحلي الإجمالي. على سبيل المثال، تنخفض قيمة بعض نماذج مؤشر التقدم الحقيقي عندما يزيد معدل الفقر. يفصل مؤشر التقدم الحقيقي مفهوم التقدم المجتمعي عن النمو الاقتصادي . (ar) 사회지표(社會指標)는 사회 복지수준을 나타내는 지표이다. GNP가 개인소득이나 민간설비투자 등 경제활동을 화폐량으로 계산한다. 그러나 사회지표는 GNP 계산에 직접 삽입하지 않는 항목이다. 즉 건강·교육·근로 생활의 질, 여가 활동, 생활의 질, 가족, 커뮤니티 등 국민 생활과 직접 관련이 있는 통계이며, 복지 수준을 나타내는 특징을 가지고 있다. 유의어로 참진보지수(genuine progress indicator, GPI)라는 용어가 사용되며 이는 GDP를 대체하거나 보충하는 지표이다. (ko) Индикатор подлинного прогресса (англ. genuine progress indicator, GPI) — обобщённый показатель, заменяющий ВВП в качестве интегральной меры экономического прогресса. GPI, как и ВВП, имеет денежное выражение, но в отличие от ВВП, суммирующего свои составляющие, в основе GPI лежит идея разделения на категории выгод и издержек, а итоговый показатель определяется как разность между ними. GPI стал одной из немногих альтернатив ВВП, широко обсуждаемых в научном сообществе и применяемых правительствами и неправительственными организациями для более точной оценки устойчивого экономического благосостояния (Talberth и др., 2007). Динамика GPI в развитых странах в последние десятилетия является одним из главных аргументов, используемых сторонниками концепции «нерентабельного роста». (ru) 真實發展指標( Genuine progress indicator，GPI ) 是一个旨在彌補国内生产总值 (GDP)的缺陷而提出的指标。 GPI中納入了更多的环境和社会因素，這樣的話可以更充分地體現出一个国家的幸福水平，而且其中只有一部分与国家的经济水平有关。例如当貧窮率增加时，GPI中的一些指數会下降。 (zh) L'índex de progrés real (IPR) o índex de progrés genuí (IPG) (en anglès, Genuine Progress Indicator, GPI), és un indicador que mesura el benestar econòmic i el progrés social d'un país, posicionant-se com a principal alternativa al PIB i al PIB per capita. (ca) Der Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) (deutsch Indikator echten Fortschritts oder echter Fortschrittsindikator) ist ein Wirtschaftsindikator, der das Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) ersetzen und an dessen Stelle eine bessere Einschätzung der Leistung von Volkswirtschaften erlauben soll. Er ist aus dem früheren Index der nachhaltigen wirtschaftlichen Wohlfahrt (Abkürzung ISEW von englisch Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare) hervorgegangen. (de) Genuine progress indicator (GPI) is a metric that has been suggested to replace, or supplement, gross domestic product (GDP). The GPI is designed to take fuller account of the well-being of a nation, only a part of which pertains to the size of the nation's economy, by incorporating environmental and social factors which are not measured by GDP. For instance, some models of GPI decrease in value when the poverty rate increases. The GPI separates the concept of societal progress from economic growth. (en) El Índice de progreso real, IPR o Índice de progreso genuino, IPG (en inglés Genuine progress indicator, GPI), es un indicador para medir el bienestar económico y el progreso social de un país. Se viene aplicando desde 1950. (es) L'indicateur de progrès véritable (IPV) est un indicateur alternatif au produit intérieur brut (PIB) ou à l'indice de développement humain (IDH) pour tenter de mesurer l'évolution du bien-être réel d'un pays. Alors que le PIB ne mesure que l'activité économique monétaire, l'indicateur de progrès véritable : Par son mode de calcul, il est très proche de l'indice de bien être durable. (fr) Il Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI), letteralmente "indicatore del progresso autentico" è un indice innovativo, che misura lo sviluppo economico, integrando nella sua analisi i fattori ambientali e l'inquinamento creato, o evitato, dall'attività d'impresa. Tale indice è usato nell'economia verde e nell'economia di assistenza sociale, con il quale si ottengono informazioni non rilevabili dal PIL. (it) |
| rdfs:label | مؤشر التقدم الحقيقي (ar) Índex de progrés real (ca) Indikator echten Fortschritts (de) Índice de progreso real (es) Genuine progress indicator (en) Indicateur de progrès véritable (fr) Genuine Progress Indicator (it) 사회지표 (ko) Индикатор подлинного прогресса (ru) 真實發展指標 (zh) |
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