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Gordon H. Bower (30. prosince 1932 – 17. června 2020) byl americký psycholog, představitel kognitivní psychologie, profesor Stanfordovy univerzity, 42. nejcitovanější psycholog 20. století. Věnoval se především tématu paměti, emocí, učení či rozumění textu. Definoval tzv. efekt kongruence. Podle tohoto konceptu prožívání pozitivních emocí zvyšuje pravděpodobnost vybavení si pozitivních vzpomínek a naopak – negativní emoce zvyšují pravděpodobnost vybavení si vzpomínek negativních. Tento poznatek se Bowerovi stal východiskem při úvahách o depresi, která je vlastně kongruenčním začarovaným kruhem – negativní emoce vyvolávají negativní vzpomínky, ty zase negativní emoce a tak stále dokola. Terapeut by se měl tedy pokusit tento kruh rozbít a začít spirálu novou, pozitivní. Roku 2005 obdržel Národní vyznamenání za vědu. Jeho žákem je Robert Sternberg. (cs) غوردون هوارد باور (بالإنجليزية: Gordon H. Bower) هو أستاذ جامعي وعالم نفس أمريكي، ولد في 30 ديسمبر 1932 في سكيو في الولايات المتحدة. (ar) Gordon Howard Bower (* 30. Dezember 1932 in , Ohio; † 17. Juni 2020 in Stanford, Kalifornien) war ein US-amerikanischer Psychologe. (de) Gordon Howard Bower (December 30, 1932 – June 17, 2020) was a cognitive psychologist studying human memory, language comprehension, emotion, and behavior modification. He received his Ph.D. in learning theory from Yale University in 1959. He held the A. R. Lang Emeritus Professorship at Stanford University. In addition to his research, Bower also was a notable adviser to numerous students, including John R. Anderson, Lawrence W. Barsalou, Lera Boroditsky, Keith Holyoak, Stephen Kosslyn, Alan Lesgold, Mark A. Gluck, and Robert Sternberg, among others. He was voted number 42 in the list of most notable psychologists of the 20th century, published by the Review of General Psychology. He was awarded the National Medal of Science in 2005. (en) Gordon Howard Bower, né le 30 décembre 1932 à Scio (Ohio) et mort le 17 juin 2020, est un psychologue cognitif américain et professeur de psychologie à l'université Stanford. Ses travaux portent sur la mémoire humaine, la compréhension de la langue, les émotions, et le comportement. (fr) 戈登·霍华德·鲍尔（Gordon H. Bower ，1932年12月30日－）是一位研究人类记忆、语言理解、情绪和行为修正的认知心理学家。他出生于美国俄亥俄州的赛欧，1954年在西部预备大学获得文学士学位，此后在耶鲁大学师从 N.F.米勒和 F.洛根，接受行为主义心理学的训练，研究动物的操作性条件反射，1959年获得哲学博士学位。此后长期在斯坦福大学任教授，转向研究人类学习理论，进行了通过记忆术、表象、组织策略和主题学习等方式来增强记忆的研究。除了研究工作以外，还指导了许多著名学生，如约翰·罗伯特·安德森等人。1979 年，美国心理学会授予他杰出科学贡献奖。 2002年，他被Hagbloom评为20世纪42位最著名心理学家之一。 (zh) |
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غوردون هوارد باور (بالإنجليزية: Gordon H. Bower) هو أستاذ جامعي وعالم نفس أمريكي، ولد في 30 ديسمبر 1932 في سكيو في الولايات المتحدة. (ar) Gordon Howard Bower (* 30. Dezember 1932 in , Ohio; † 17. Juni 2020 in Stanford, Kalifornien) war ein US-amerikanischer Psychologe. (de) Gordon Howard Bower, né le 30 décembre 1932 à Scio (Ohio) et mort le 17 juin 2020, est un psychologue cognitif américain et professeur de psychologie à l'université Stanford. Ses travaux portent sur la mémoire humaine, la compréhension de la langue, les émotions, et le comportement. (fr) 戈登·霍华德·鲍尔（Gordon H. Bower ，1932年12月30日－）是一位研究人类记忆、语言理解、情绪和行为修正的认知心理学家。他出生于美国俄亥俄州的赛欧，1954年在西部预备大学获得文学士学位，此后在耶鲁大学师从 N.F.米勒和 F.洛根，接受行为主义心理学的训练，研究动物的操作性条件反射，1959年获得哲学博士学位。此后长期在斯坦福大学任教授，转向研究人类学习理论，进行了通过记忆术、表象、组织策略和主题学习等方式来增强记忆的研究。除了研究工作以外，还指导了许多著名学生，如约翰·罗伯特·安德森等人。1979 年，美国心理学会授予他杰出科学贡献奖。 2002年，他被Hagbloom评为20世纪42位最著名心理学家之一。 (zh) Gordon H. Bower (30. prosince 1932 – 17. června 2020) byl americký psycholog, představitel kognitivní psychologie, profesor Stanfordovy univerzity, 42. nejcitovanější psycholog 20. století. Věnoval se především tématu paměti, emocí, učení či rozumění textu. Definoval tzv. efekt kongruence. Podle tohoto konceptu prožívání pozitivních emocí zvyšuje pravděpodobnost vybavení si pozitivních vzpomínek a naopak – negativní emoce zvyšují pravděpodobnost vybavení si vzpomínek negativních. Tento poznatek se Bowerovi stal východiskem při úvahách o depresi, která je vlastně kongruenčním začarovaným kruhem – negativní emoce vyvolávají negativní vzpomínky, ty zase negativní emoce a tak stále dokola. Terapeut by se měl tedy pokusit tento kruh rozbít a začít spirálu novou, pozitivní. Roku 2005 obdržel Nár (cs) Gordon Howard Bower (December 30, 1932 – June 17, 2020) was a cognitive psychologist studying human memory, language comprehension, emotion, and behavior modification. He received his Ph.D. in learning theory from Yale University in 1959. He held the A. R. Lang Emeritus Professorship at Stanford University. In addition to his research, Bower also was a notable adviser to numerous students, including John R. Anderson, Lawrence W. Barsalou, Lera Boroditsky, Keith Holyoak, Stephen Kosslyn, Alan Lesgold, Mark A. Gluck, and Robert Sternberg, among others. (en) |
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غوردون هوارد باور (ar) Gordon H. Bower (cs) Gordon H. Bower (de) Gordon H. Bower (en) Gordon H. Bower (fr) 戈登·霍华德·鲍尔 (zh) |
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