Gotra (original) (raw)
Gotra (Sanskrit, n., गोत्र gotra) ist ein indischer Verwandtschaftsbegriff und am besten mit „Clan“ oder „Lineage“ zu übersetzen. Das Gotra-System wurde bereits gegen Ende der vedischen Epoche (900–500 v. Chr.) von indischen Brahmanen beschrieben, kommt jedoch nicht nur bei Brahmanen vor. Es bezeichnet ein patrilineares System von exogamen Clans, die sich auf einen gemeinsamen Urahn beziehen, von dem sie auch ihren Namen erhalten (vergleichbar der römischen Gens).
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| dbo:abstract | Gotra (Sanskrit, n., गोत्र gotra) ist ein indischer Verwandtschaftsbegriff und am besten mit „Clan“ oder „Lineage“ zu übersetzen. Das Gotra-System wurde bereits gegen Ende der vedischen Epoche (900–500 v. Chr.) von indischen Brahmanen beschrieben, kommt jedoch nicht nur bei Brahmanen vor. Es bezeichnet ein patrilineares System von exogamen Clans, die sich auf einen gemeinsamen Urahn beziehen, von dem sie auch ihren Namen erhalten (vergleichbar der römischen Gens). (de) En sánscrito, el término gotra significa ‘clan’ o ‘linaje’. (es) In Hindu culture, the term gotra (Sanskrit: गोत्र) is considered to be equivalent to lineage. It broadly refers to people who are descendants in an unbroken male line from a common male ancestor or patriline. Generally, the gotra forms an exogamous unit, with marriage within the same gotra being regarded as incest and prohibited by custom. The name of the gotra can be used as a surname, but it is different from a surname and is strictly maintained because of its importance in marriages among Hindus, especially among castes. Pāṇini defines gotra as apatyam pautraprabhrti gotram (IV. 1. 162), which means "the word gotra denotes the descendance (or descendants), apatya, of a couple consisting of a pautra, a son and a bharti, a mother, i.e. a daughter-in-law." (Based on Monier Williams Dictionary definitions.) When a person says "I am Vipparla-gotra", he means that he traces his descent to the ancient sage Vipparla by an unbroken male descent. According to the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 2.2.4, Kashyapa, Atri, Vasistha, Vishvamitra, Gautama Maharishi, Jamadagni and Bharadvaja are seven sages (also known as saptarishi) and Jambu Maharishi is another sage (also known as Renuka, who belongs to Kashyapa). The progeny of these eight sages are declared to be gotras. This enumeration of seven primary & one secondary gotra seems to have been known to Pāṇini. The offspring (apatya) of these seven are gotras and others than these are called gotrāvayava. One who follows the system defined by three sages defines himself as Tri-a-Vishay. Similarly, for five sages, it is Pancha-Vishay, and for seven sages, it is Santa-Vishay. There exists another theory about gotra: sons and disciples of a sage would have the same gotra; it is believed that they possess similar thoughts and philosophies. People of the same gotra can be found across different castes. Each gotra comprises pravaras. (en) Gotra (sanskrit) ou gotta (pali) désigne à l’origine un ancien nom de clan en Inde transmis en lignée paternelle. Le terme est utilisé au XXIe siècle pour désigner toutes sortes de lignées héréditaires, y compris matrilinéaires. Il est lié à la jāti. Les gotras sont à l’origine de noms de famille. Le sens originel du terme est étable, il désignerait à l’origine un ensemble de familles partageant la même étable, peut-être abritant spécialement des bêtes rituelles. Selon la tradition, le système des gotras concernerait à l’origine exclusivement les brahmanes et serait apparu avant le VIIIe siècle av. J.-C. Il existerait sept gotras originels, issu chacun d’un des , rishi (sage) des Védas né de l’esprit de Brahma : Gautama, Bharadvaja, Vishvamitra, Jamadagni, Vasishtha, Kasyapa, Atri ; la liste varie selon les sources et l’on trouve aussi Agastya au lieu de Vishvamitra. Avec le temps, d’autres gotras sont apparus tandis que ceux d’origine se subdivisaient en de nombreuses branches, donnant naissance à des noms de famille. Ils semblent avoir cessé très tôt d’être une exclusivité brahmane et brahmanique et concernent toutes les castes ainsi que des musulmans, sikhs ou bouddhistes indiens ou pakistanais. Le gotra rituel hindou reste néanmoins un gotra brahmane, les autres castes suivant théoriquement en religion celui de leur prêtre. On connait des exemples de personnes adoptant un autre gotra de leur famille que celui qui leur échoit, ou combinant deux gotras : dans le Ramayana, on voit Rāma prendre le gotra de son arrière-grand-père (Raghu) plutôt que le sien propre (Surya) du fait du prestige du premier. En principe, deux personnes portant le même gotra ne peuvent pas se marier, bien qu’il existe dans certaines communautés des exceptions ou des moyens de contourner l’interdit. La femme adopte le gotra de son mari. Dans le bouddhisme mahayana, gotra peut prendre le sens de famille ou nature spirituelle. (fr) ゴートラ（gotra、系族。サンスクリット語;गोत्र）とは、インドのバラモン（ブラーフマナ）の氏族の総称。伝説的始祖を同一とする血縁集団のこと。ゴートラ名は一般に、その人の家族からさかのぼることができる父系一族のうち最も古い祖先と考えられる聖仙（リシ）の名であるが、祖先から伝わる職業名や居住村名の場合もある。 (ja) Nella società Indù, il termine Gotra significa clan. Si riferisce in generale a persone che sono discendenti in una linea ininterrotta maschio da un antenato comune maschile.Pāṇini definisce "gotra", per scopi grammaticali, come apatyam pautraprabhrti gotram (IV. 1. 162), che significa " la parola che denota la progenie ( di un saggio) che inizia con il figlio del figlio.Quando una persona dice "Io sono Kashypasa-gotra", intende tracciare la sua discendenza dall'antico saggio Kashyapa con una discendenza maschile ininterrotta. Secondo la Brihadaranyaka Upanisad 2.2.6, Gautama e Bharadvāja, Viśvāmitra e Jamadagni, Vasiṣṭha e Kaśyapa, e altri sono i sette saggi (conosciuti come Saptarishi); la progenie di questi 8 saggi è specificata come "gotra" e quella degli altri è chiamata gotrâvayava. Oggi esistono 49 Indù gotra. Tutti i membri di un particolare "gotra" si crede posseggano certe caratteristiche comuni, relative alla natura della loro professione. Un gotra deve distinguersi da un kula. Un Kula è un insieme di persone che seguono rituali culturali similari, spesso adorando la stessa divinità (Dio del clan). La Kula non è connessa al lignaggio o alla casta. Infatti è possibile cambiare Kula basandosi sulla fede o Iṣṭa-devatā. (it) Gotra is de lineage of clan in mannelijke lijn (patrilineaire afstamming) die in het brahmanisme en hindoeïsme van groot belang is. Huwelijken zijn wel exogaam, dus buiten de familie. Hoewel het vooral voor brahmanen en het Indische kastenstelsel van groot belang is, kwam het ook terug in het jaïnisme en het boeddhisme, zoals bij Gautama Boeddha, waarvan Gautama de gotra-naam is. Gau betekent koe en ten tijde van de Rigveda was gotra een kudde koeien. Pas later heeft het de betekenis van lineage gekregen, waarbij elke brahmaan in directe lijn af zou stammen van een van de rishi, , , , , , Kashyapa, en soms Agastya. Deze gotrakarins zouden 108 gotra's hebben voortgebracht. Hoewel de gotra-naam wel als familienaam wordt gebruikt, is gotra dan ook meer dan de familie of zelfs . (nl) Gotra (sanskrit för "kostall") är ett namn på en släkt som räknar agnatiskt ursprung från en gemensam stamfader (namnet motsvarar närmast latinets gens). Benämningen gotra används för viss kast (subkast) i avgränsad geografisk och etnisk betydelse. Särskilt uppdelar sig brahminerna i vissa bestämda gotra'er alltefter den rsi (indisk sångare), från vilken de påstår sig härstamma. Gotra är även namn på patronymikum, det namn, varmed en gotra benämner sig såsom härstammande från en gemensam stamfader. Så är Gautama, härledning av , gotra ("patronymikum") för alla dem, som gör anspråk på att härstamma från rsi'en Gotama. (sv) Gotra é a linhagem ou clã atribuído a um hindu ao nascer. Na maioria dos casos, o sistema é patrilinear e a gotra atribuída é a do pai da pessoa. Outros termos para que são vansh, vanshaj, bedagu, purvik, purvajan, pitru. Um indivíduo pode decidir identificar sua linhagem por uma gotra diferente, ou combinação de gotras. Entre os brâmanes, vanis e sonares, é proibido casar dentro da mesma grota. (pt) Готра — понятие экзогамного рода или клана в Индии. Термин происходит от санскритского слова, означающего «загон для коров». Внутри готры все считаются братьями и сестрами, поэтому в рамках подготовки к заключению брака родственники выясняют готры будущих молодожёнов. В большинстве случаев готра патрилинейна, а иногда, как и сампрадая, возводится к личностям ведийского периода истории (см. Сапта-риши). Готры Раджастхана: , Агрэ, . (ru) |
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| rdfs:comment | Gotra (Sanskrit, n., गोत्र gotra) ist ein indischer Verwandtschaftsbegriff und am besten mit „Clan“ oder „Lineage“ zu übersetzen. Das Gotra-System wurde bereits gegen Ende der vedischen Epoche (900–500 v. Chr.) von indischen Brahmanen beschrieben, kommt jedoch nicht nur bei Brahmanen vor. Es bezeichnet ein patrilineares System von exogamen Clans, die sich auf einen gemeinsamen Urahn beziehen, von dem sie auch ihren Namen erhalten (vergleichbar der römischen Gens). (de) En sánscrito, el término gotra significa ‘clan’ o ‘linaje’. (es) ゴートラ（gotra、系族。サンスクリット語;गोत्र）とは、インドのバラモン（ブラーフマナ）の氏族の総称。伝説的始祖を同一とする血縁集団のこと。ゴートラ名は一般に、その人の家族からさかのぼることができる父系一族のうち最も古い祖先と考えられる聖仙（リシ）の名であるが、祖先から伝わる職業名や居住村名の場合もある。 (ja) Gotra é a linhagem ou clã atribuído a um hindu ao nascer. Na maioria dos casos, o sistema é patrilinear e a gotra atribuída é a do pai da pessoa. Outros termos para que são vansh, vanshaj, bedagu, purvik, purvajan, pitru. Um indivíduo pode decidir identificar sua linhagem por uma gotra diferente, ou combinação de gotras. Entre os brâmanes, vanis e sonares, é proibido casar dentro da mesma grota. (pt) Готра — понятие экзогамного рода или клана в Индии. Термин происходит от санскритского слова, означающего «загон для коров». Внутри готры все считаются братьями и сестрами, поэтому в рамках подготовки к заключению брака родственники выясняют готры будущих молодожёнов. В большинстве случаев готра патрилинейна, а иногда, как и сампрадая, возводится к личностям ведийского периода истории (см. Сапта-риши). Готры Раджастхана: , Агрэ, . (ru) In Hindu culture, the term gotra (Sanskrit: गोत्र) is considered to be equivalent to lineage. It broadly refers to people who are descendants in an unbroken male line from a common male ancestor or patriline. Generally, the gotra forms an exogamous unit, with marriage within the same gotra being regarded as incest and prohibited by custom. The name of the gotra can be used as a surname, but it is different from a surname and is strictly maintained because of its importance in marriages among Hindus, especially among castes. Pāṇini defines gotra as apatyam pautraprabhrti gotram (IV. 1. 162), which means "the word gotra denotes the descendance (or descendants), apatya, of a couple consisting of a pautra, a son and a bharti, a mother, i.e. a daughter-in-law." (Based on Monier Williams Diction (en) Gotra (sanskrit) ou gotta (pali) désigne à l’origine un ancien nom de clan en Inde transmis en lignée paternelle. Le terme est utilisé au XXIe siècle pour désigner toutes sortes de lignées héréditaires, y compris matrilinéaires. Il est lié à la jāti. Les gotras sont à l’origine de noms de famille. Le sens originel du terme est étable, il désignerait à l’origine un ensemble de familles partageant la même étable, peut-être abritant spécialement des bêtes rituelles. Dans le bouddhisme mahayana, gotra peut prendre le sens de famille ou nature spirituelle. (fr) Nella società Indù, il termine Gotra significa clan. Si riferisce in generale a persone che sono discendenti in una linea ininterrotta maschio da un antenato comune maschile.Pāṇini definisce "gotra", per scopi grammaticali, come apatyam pautraprabhrti gotram (IV. 1. 162), che significa " la parola che denota la progenie ( di un saggio) che inizia con il figlio del figlio.Quando una persona dice "Io sono Kashypasa-gotra", intende tracciare la sua discendenza dall'antico saggio Kashyapa con una discendenza maschile ininterrotta. (it) Gotra is de lineage of clan in mannelijke lijn (patrilineaire afstamming) die in het brahmanisme en hindoeïsme van groot belang is. Huwelijken zijn wel exogaam, dus buiten de familie. Hoewel het vooral voor brahmanen en het Indische kastenstelsel van groot belang is, kwam het ook terug in het jaïnisme en het boeddhisme, zoals bij Gautama Boeddha, waarvan Gautama de gotra-naam is. (nl) Gotra (sanskrit för "kostall") är ett namn på en släkt som räknar agnatiskt ursprung från en gemensam stamfader (namnet motsvarar närmast latinets gens). Benämningen gotra används för viss kast (subkast) i avgränsad geografisk och etnisk betydelse. Särskilt uppdelar sig brahminerna i vissa bestämda gotra'er alltefter den rsi (indisk sångare), från vilken de påstår sig härstamma. (sv) |
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dbr:Isaignaniyar dbr:Kadam_(clan) dbr:Kalabaz dbr:Kanva_dynasty dbr:Kanyadan dbr:Kapariya dbr:Karekar dbr:Katni_River dbr:Kattaha_Brahmin dbr:Kaundinya_I dbr:Kausaliya dbr:Koirala dbr:Kongu_Vellalar dbr:List_of_Gurjar_clans dbr:List_of_Rajput_clans dbr:Garg dbr:Garga dbr:Gatra dbr:Ghotra_(disambiguation) dbr:Goth dbr:Gothra_(disambiguation) dbr:Pravaras dbr:Pushpaka dbr:Ragam_(surname) dbr:Rath_tribe dbr:Gupta_Empire dbr:Gurgaon_district dbr:Guru_Amar_Das dbr:Guru_Angad dbr:Guru_Ram_Das dbr:Hajong_people dbr:Harphale dbr:Harsola_copper_plates dbr:Hemu's_Samadhi_Sthal dbr:Jatav dbr:Jats_of_Kutch dbr:Jayavarman_II_(Paramara_dynasty) dbr:Jayavarman_I_(Paramara_dynasty) dbr:Baba_Makhan_Shah_Labana dbr:Bahadurpur,_Sangrur dbr:Tamil_Brahmin dbr:Taran_Svami dbr:Taruana dbr:Telugu_literature dbr:Thapa dbr:Marhal dbr:Maschoiya dbr:Samantaraja dbr:Tantrasamgraha dbr:Telugu_wedding_ceremony dbr:Arihant_(Jainism) dbr:Arthashastra dbr:Atmabodha_Upanishad dbr:Abhivadaye dbr:Agashe dbr:Chahamanas_of_Shakambhari dbr:Chak_217_GB dbr:Chanakya dbr:Chandraseniya_Kayastha_Prabhu dbr:Changrod dbr:Chauhan dbr:Chindaka_Naga dbr:Jhojhu_Khurd dbr:Jāti dbr:Kakatiya_dynasty dbr:Kalali,_Bhiwani dbr:Kalpeshwar dbr:Kanwari dbr:Karimpura dbr:Karma dbr:Katyayana_(Buddhist) dbr:Ked,_Rajasthan dbr:Kedarnath_Temple |
| is dbp:gotra of | dbr:Ked,_Rajasthan |
| is gold:hypernym of | dbr:Baid dbr:Balhara dbr:Balyan dbr:Sandhila dbr:Dudhra dbr:Sansanwal dbr:Uria_clan dbr:Deerhe dbr:Hanjra dbr:Bargoti dbr:Bhalothia dbr:Bhullar dbr:Binda dbr:Pediwal dbr:Vaire dbr:Dugar dbr:Jadam dbr:Jakhar dbr:Achara_clan dbr:Gaina dbr:Joon dbr:Garhwal_clan dbr:Mehria dbr:Rattu_(Punjabi_surname) dbr:Attri_clan dbr:Suriara dbr:Antal dbr:Marrar_clan dbr:Khoja_(clan) dbr:Mehlawat dbr:Nauhwar dbr:Lohtiya dbr:Dhull dbr:Mor_clan dbr:Khagwal dbr:Sinsinwar dbr:Sanghania dbr:Sunda_(Nath) dbr:Madrak dbr:Lodike dbr:Gandhar_clan dbr:Andhak dbr:Khangura dbr:Khola_gotra dbr:Pilania dbr:Jathol dbr:Bachchas dbr:Budania dbr:Thukran dbr:Gahlot dbr:Dabas dbr:Karwal dbr:Chandratre dbr:Narwat dbr:Vanar dbr:Dhetarwal dbr:Nirban dbr:Kulhari dbr:Kaloke dbr:Legha_clan dbr:Dahima dbr:Dara_clan dbr:Dhananjaya_gotra dbr:Dhankhar dbr:Kanwat dbr:Kaushik dbr:Gulia dbr:Ranjha_clan dbr:Jajra dbr:Mahil dbr:Hala_clan dbr:Kahlotra dbr:Tatla dbr:Chilka dbr:Jewlia dbr:Jhajharia dbr:Jhanjhar dbr:Kalwania dbr:Kasaniya dbr:Katewa dbr:Khatkar dbr:Khosa_Gotra dbr:Sunda_clan dbr:Sunner_(surname) dbr:Dudi dbr:Ghangas dbr:Dhaulya dbr:Awana_clan dbr:Hooda dbr:Hundal dbr:Mahla dbr:Sarao dbr:Seegar dbr:Sheoran dbr:Shokeen dbr:Sohal dbr:Vats_(clan) dbr:Bana_clan dbr:Krishnatrey dbr:Talokar dbr:Attariwalla dbr:Badhan_clan dbr:Khatreel dbr:Wagha_clan dbr:Dhonchak dbr:Chechi dbr:Jyani dbr:Kahlon dbr:Janu_clan dbr:Barjati dbr:Deshwal dbr:Manda_clan dbr:Rangi_(surname) dbr:Saharan_clan dbr:Deo_clan dbr:Karwasra dbr:Kharbas dbr:Malik_Jat_clan dbr:Mallana dbr:Rajaharia dbr:Hundet dbr:Singay dbr:Gandas dbr:Ajmeria dbr:Hal_Jats dbr:Thenua dbr:Jaglan dbr:Jatri dbr:Pawriya dbr:Bhukar dbr:Dharni dbr:Gill_clan dbr:Khichar dbr:Khoti dbr:Riar_jatt dbr:Majhail dbr:Kaliramna dbr:Kholida dbr:Takshak_clan dbr:Mandiwal dbr:Dhaka_clan dbr:Dhadwal dbr:Farswal dbr:Phangureh dbr:Sangha_clan dbr:Gilotar dbr:Wahiniwal dbr:Khatarmal dbr:Ranwa dbr:Lohchav dbr:Sahu_clan dbr:Kohja dbr:Khatana dbr:Uppal_clan dbr:Mahi_(clan) dbr:Tulla_Jats dbr:Shatamarshana_gothra |
| is rdfs:seeAlso of | dbr:Sampradaya dbr:Brahmin_gotra |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Gotra |