Competitors for the Crown of Scotland (original) (raw)
Dieser Artikel listet die Anwärter auf den schottischen Thron auf, die im Jahr 1290 Anspruch auf den Thron des Königreichs Schottland erhoben. Der als Schiedsrichter auftretende englische König Edward I. setzte eine Kommission ein, die sich für John Balliol entschied.
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| dbo:abstract | When the crown of Scotland became vacant in September 1290 on the death of the seven-year-old Queen Margaret, 13 claimants to the throne came forward. Those with the most credible claims were John Balliol, Robert de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale, John Hastings and Floris V, Count of Holland. Fearing civil war, the Guardians of Scotland asked Edward I of England to arbitrate. Before agreeing, he obtained concessions going some way to revive English overlordship over the Scots. A commission of 104 "auditors" was then appointed—24 by Edward himself, acting as president; and the rest by Bruce and Balliol, in equal numbers. In November 1292, the body decided in favour of John Balliol, whose claim was based on the traditional criterion of primogeniture—inheritance through a line of firstborn sons. The decision was accepted by the majority of the powerful in Scotland, and John ruled as King of Scots from then until 1296. (en) Dieser Artikel listet die Anwärter auf den schottischen Thron auf, die im Jahr 1290 Anspruch auf den Thron des Königreichs Schottland erhoben. Der als Schiedsrichter auftretende englische König Edward I. setzte eine Kommission ein, die sich für John Balliol entschied. (de) La crise de succession écossaise, ou « Grande Cause » (Great Cause en anglais) est un événement de l'histoire de l'Écosse qui débute en 1290, avec l'extinction de la maison de Dunkeld. Une douzaine de prétendants au trône écossais se font alors connaître. Le choix est effectué sous l'égide du roi d'Angleterre Édouard Ier et aboutit au sacre de Jean Balliol en 1292. L'ingérence d'Édouard dans les affaires écossaises débouche quelques années plus tard sur les guerres d'indépendance de l'Écosse. (fr) Dengan kematian Raja Alexander III pada 1286, mahkota Skotlandia disahkan kepada satu-satunya keturunannya yang masih hidup, cucunya yang berusia tiga tahun Margaret. Pada 1290, , yang diangkat untuk memerintah kerajaan tersebut saat Raty masih belum beranjak dewasa, mengadakan , sebuah kontrak pernikahan antara Margaret dan Edward dari Caernarvon yang masih berusia lima tahun dan merupakan pewaris tahta Inggris. Traktat tersebut berisi tujuan bahwa meskipun masalah pernikahan tersebut akan mewariskan mahkota kepada Inggris sekaligus Skotlandia, kerajaan Skotlandia haruskan "terpisah, terlepas dan membebaskan dirinya sendiri tanpa campur tangan Kerajaan Inggris". Secara jelas, tujuannya adalah untuk menjaga Skotlandia agar tetap menjadi entitas independen. Ratu Margaret wafat pada awal Oktober di Orkney saat dalam perjalanan menuju Skotlandia, meninggalkan tahta dalam keadaan kosong. Para Penjaga memanggil ayah mertuanya, Edward I dari Inggris, untuk memutuskan di antara berbagai pesaing untuk tahta Skotlandia dalam sebuah proses yang disebut sebagai Sebab Besar (bahasa Gaelik Skotlandia: An t-Adhbhar Mòr). Salah satu pengklaim terkuatnya, , memutuskan persekutuan dengan , , perwakilan Edward I di Skotlandia dan mulai menggelari dirinya sendiri dengan sebutan 'pewaris Skotlandia', sementara yang lainnya, , berbalik ke pihak pendukung Ratu Margaret dengan pasukan prajurit dan dirumorkan bahwa teman-temannya dan juga menghimpun pasukan mereka. Skotlandia menjadi menghadapi perang saudara. (in) 대명분(스코틀랜드 게일어: An t-Adhbhar Mòr, 영어: Great Cause)이란 1286년 알바 왕국(오늘날의 스코틀랜드)의 왕 알락산다르 3세가 낙마사하고, 그 유일한 적손인 노르웨이 왕녀 마르그레트 알렉산데르스도티르가 요절하면서 공위기가 시작되자 스코틀랜드 왕위를 두고 벌어진 분쟁이다. 1290년, 마르그레트(당시 3세)를 보정하던 스코틀랜드의 수호자들은 잉글랜드 왕세자 에드워드 캐너번(당시 5세)과 마르그레트의 약혼을 주선했다. 이 조약에서는 여러 가지를 규정하면서, 마르그레트와 에드워드의 자식이 잉글랜드 왕국과 스코틀랜드 왕국의 왕위를 모두 물려받을 것이나, 스코틀랜드는 잉글랜드의 속국이 아니며 독립국으로서 동군연합을 이룰 것이라고 규정했다. 이것은 명백히 스코틀랜드의 독립주권을 보존하기 위한 의도였다. 그러나 같은 해 9월 26일, 마르그레트가 오크니에서 죽으면서 스코틀랜드 왕위는 공석이 되었다. 가장 유력한 왕위요구자는 갤러웨이의 존 발리올이었다. 존은 강력한 에드워드 1세의 대행자로 스코틀랜드에 파견되어 있던 와 동맹하고 스스로를 "스코틀랜드의 후계자(heir of Scotland)"라고 칭했다. 또다른 강력한 요구자는 애넌데일의 였다. 로버트는 마르그레트의 대관식 장소로 예정되었던 장소에 군대를 모았고, 과 역시 로버트의 편을 들어 군사를 모은다는 소문이 팽배했다. 스코틀랜드는 계승권 내전을 향해 달려가고 있었다. 존과 로버트 외에도 14명의 후보자가 난립했는데, 모두들 크든 작던 혈연적 명분이 있었다. 수호자들은 왕위계승자를 가리기 위해 에서 104인의 방청객이 참여한 회의를 열었고, 마르그레트의 예비 시아버지였던 에드워드 1세에게 그 진행을 요청했다. 에드워드 1세는 1292년 11월 17일 자기 아들 에드워드 캐너번에게 다음 왕위가 돌아가는 것을 조건으로 존 발리올을 지지했고, 이 결정을 스코트인 귀족들 다수가 수용하면서 존이 왕위에 올라 공위기는 일단락되었다. (ko) Con Grande causa si fa riferimento alla contesa nata tra tredici pretendenti che ambivano alla corona di Scozia quando, nel settembre del 1290, divenne vacante il trono per via della morte della monarca bambina di sette anni Margherita. Quelli con le pretese più credibili erano John Balliol, Robert Bruce, John Hastings e Fiorenzo V d'Olanda. I membri del Consiglio chiamarono in causa Edoardo I d'Inghilterra, padre di Edoardo II (promesso in sposa a Margherita), perché scegliesse un erede, generando lo scoppio della disputa. (it) «Великая тяжба» — международный судебный процесс, проходивший в 1291—1292 годах в городе Берик в Шотландии и связанный с кризисом престолонаследия в этой стране. Тяжба началась из-за пресечения Данкельдской династии в лице короля Александра III (1289 год) и его внучки Маргарет Норвежской Девы (1290 год). Появились четырнадцать претендентов на корону из числа шотландских и английских лордов, а также князей с континента. Верховным арбитром в этом вопросе стал король Англии Эдуард I, признавший наиболее весомыми права Джона Баллиоля. Стремление Эдуарда использовать ситуацию для установления над Шотландией своей власти привело к восстанию и началу затяжной войны, в которой шотландцы одержали победу. (ru) |
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| rdfs:comment | Dieser Artikel listet die Anwärter auf den schottischen Thron auf, die im Jahr 1290 Anspruch auf den Thron des Königreichs Schottland erhoben. Der als Schiedsrichter auftretende englische König Edward I. setzte eine Kommission ein, die sich für John Balliol entschied. (de) La crise de succession écossaise, ou « Grande Cause » (Great Cause en anglais) est un événement de l'histoire de l'Écosse qui débute en 1290, avec l'extinction de la maison de Dunkeld. Une douzaine de prétendants au trône écossais se font alors connaître. Le choix est effectué sous l'égide du roi d'Angleterre Édouard Ier et aboutit au sacre de Jean Balliol en 1292. L'ingérence d'Édouard dans les affaires écossaises débouche quelques années plus tard sur les guerres d'indépendance de l'Écosse. (fr) Con Grande causa si fa riferimento alla contesa nata tra tredici pretendenti che ambivano alla corona di Scozia quando, nel settembre del 1290, divenne vacante il trono per via della morte della monarca bambina di sette anni Margherita. Quelli con le pretese più credibili erano John Balliol, Robert Bruce, John Hastings e Fiorenzo V d'Olanda. I membri del Consiglio chiamarono in causa Edoardo I d'Inghilterra, padre di Edoardo II (promesso in sposa a Margherita), perché scegliesse un erede, generando lo scoppio della disputa. (it) «Великая тяжба» — международный судебный процесс, проходивший в 1291—1292 годах в городе Берик в Шотландии и связанный с кризисом престолонаследия в этой стране. Тяжба началась из-за пресечения Данкельдской династии в лице короля Александра III (1289 год) и его внучки Маргарет Норвежской Девы (1290 год). Появились четырнадцать претендентов на корону из числа шотландских и английских лордов, а также князей с континента. Верховным арбитром в этом вопросе стал король Англии Эдуард I, признавший наиболее весомыми права Джона Баллиоля. Стремление Эдуарда использовать ситуацию для установления над Шотландией своей власти привело к восстанию и началу затяжной войны, в которой шотландцы одержали победу. (ru) When the crown of Scotland became vacant in September 1290 on the death of the seven-year-old Queen Margaret, 13 claimants to the throne came forward. Those with the most credible claims were John Balliol, Robert de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale, John Hastings and Floris V, Count of Holland. (en) Dengan kematian Raja Alexander III pada 1286, mahkota Skotlandia disahkan kepada satu-satunya keturunannya yang masih hidup, cucunya yang berusia tiga tahun Margaret. Pada 1290, , yang diangkat untuk memerintah kerajaan tersebut saat Raty masih belum beranjak dewasa, mengadakan , sebuah kontrak pernikahan antara Margaret dan Edward dari Caernarvon yang masih berusia lima tahun dan merupakan pewaris tahta Inggris. Traktat tersebut berisi tujuan bahwa meskipun masalah pernikahan tersebut akan mewariskan mahkota kepada Inggris sekaligus Skotlandia, kerajaan Skotlandia haruskan "terpisah, terlepas dan membebaskan dirinya sendiri tanpa campur tangan Kerajaan Inggris". Secara jelas, tujuannya adalah untuk menjaga Skotlandia agar tetap menjadi entitas independen. (in) 대명분(스코틀랜드 게일어: An t-Adhbhar Mòr, 영어: Great Cause)이란 1286년 알바 왕국(오늘날의 스코틀랜드)의 왕 알락산다르 3세가 낙마사하고, 그 유일한 적손인 노르웨이 왕녀 마르그레트 알렉산데르스도티르가 요절하면서 공위기가 시작되자 스코틀랜드 왕위를 두고 벌어진 분쟁이다. 1290년, 마르그레트(당시 3세)를 보정하던 스코틀랜드의 수호자들은 잉글랜드 왕세자 에드워드 캐너번(당시 5세)과 마르그레트의 약혼을 주선했다. 이 조약에서는 여러 가지를 규정하면서, 마르그레트와 에드워드의 자식이 잉글랜드 왕국과 스코틀랜드 왕국의 왕위를 모두 물려받을 것이나, 스코틀랜드는 잉글랜드의 속국이 아니며 독립국으로서 동군연합을 이룰 것이라고 규정했다. 이것은 명백히 스코틀랜드의 독립주권을 보존하기 위한 의도였다. 존과 로버트 외에도 14명의 후보자가 난립했는데, 모두들 크든 작던 혈연적 명분이 있었다. (ko) |
| rdfs:label | Competitors for the Crown of Scotland (en) Anwärter auf den schottischen Thron (de) Para pesaing untuk Mahkota Skotlandia (in) Grande causa (it) Crise de succession écossaise (fr) 대명분 (ko) Великая тяжба (ru) |
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