Great king (original) (raw)
Le titre de grand roi désignait, pour les Grecs, le roi de Perse de la dynastie achéménide à l'époque classique (Ve – IVe siècles av. J.-C.). * Portail de l’Iran et du monde iranien * Portail du Proche-Orient ancien * Portail de la Grèce antique
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| dbo:abstract | Great king, and the equivalent in many languages, refers to historical titles of certain monarchs, suggesting an elevated status among the host of kings and princes. This title is most usually associated with the shahanshah (shah of shahs, i.e. king of kings, indeed translated from Greek as basileus tōn basileōn, later adopted by the Byzantine emperors) of Persia under the Achaemenid dynasty whose vast empire in Asia lasted for 200 years up to the year 330 BC, which was later adopted by successors of the Achaemenid Empire whose monarchial names were also succeeded by "the great". In comparison, "high king" was used by ancient rulers in Great Britain and Ireland, as well as Greece. In the 2nd millennium BCE Near East, there was a tradition of reciprocally using such addresses between powers, as a way of diplomatically recognizing each other as an equal. Only the kings of countries who were not subject to any other king and powerful enough to draw the respect from their adversaries were allowed to use the title of "great king". Those were the kings of Egypt, Yamhad, Hatti, Babylonia, Mitanni (until its demise in the 14th century), Assyria (only after the demise of Mitanni), and for a brief time the Myceneans. Great kings referred to each other as brothers and often established close relationships by means of marriages and frequent gift exchanges. Letters exchanged between these rulers, several of which have been recovered especially in Amarna and Hittite archives, provide details of this diplomacy. The case of maharaja ("great raja", great king and prince, in Sanskrit and Hindi) on the Indian subcontinent, originally reserved for the regional hegemon such as the Gupta, is an example of how such a lofty style can get caught in a cycle of devaluation by "title inflation" as ever more, mostly less powerful rulers adopt the style. This is often followed by the emergence of one or more new, more exclusive and prestigious styles, as, in this case, maharajadhiraja (great king of kings"). The Turkic-Mongol title khan also came to be "augmented" to tiles like chagan or hakan, meaning "khan of khans", i.e. equivalent to king of kings. The aforementioned Indian style maharajadhiraja is also an example of an alternative semantic title for similar "higher" royal styles such as King of Kings. Alternatively, a more idiomatic style may develop into an equally prestigious tradition of titles, because of the shining example of the original – thus, various styles of emperors trace back to the Roman imperator (strictly speaking a republican military honorific), or the family surname Caesar (turned into an imperial title since Diocletian's tetrarchy). As the conventional use of king and its equivalents to render various other monarchical styles illustrates, there are many roughly equivalent styles, each of which may spawn a "great X" variant, either unique or becoming a rank in a corresponding tradition; in this context, "grand" is equivalent to "great" and sometimes interchangeable if convention does not firmly prescribe one of the two. Examples include grand duke and German Grosswojwod. (en) Le titre de grand roi désignait, pour les Grecs, le roi de Perse de la dynastie achéménide à l'époque classique (Ve – IVe siècles av. J.-C.). * Portail de l’Iran et du monde iranien * Portail du Proche-Orient ancien * Portail de la Grèce antique (fr) Raja agung, raja besar, atau gelar setara dalam banyak bahasa adalah gelar semantik bagi sejumlah raja-raja dalam sejarah, yang menunjukkan peningkatan status di antara kumpulan Raja dan Pemimpin (Pangeran). (in) ( 다른 뜻에 대해서는 대왕 (동음이의) 문서를 참고하십시오.) 대왕(大王, Great King)은 여러 왕들 사이에서 높은 지위를 지니거나 위대한 업적을 남긴 군주에게 붙이는 칭호이다. (ko) O título de "grande rei" (sarru rabu, em persa) foi utilizado pelos soberanos persas ao menos desde o século VI a.C., o que lhes atribuía uma grandeza similar à de augusto no Império Romano. Ocasionalmente eram usados os títulos "rei dos reis" (sar sarrâni) ou "senhor dos reis". (pt) Великий король — монарший титул, що має еквівалент у багатьох мовах. Цей історичний титул монархів, створювався для підкреслення вищого статусу його власника серед інших королів, царів та князів. Виникнення титулу виводять зі Сходу. Відомий титул Шахіншах (шах шахів), що перекладається грецькою мовою як basileus tōn basileōn, пізніше був прийнятий імператорами Східної Римської імперії. Також деякі Візайнтійські імператори та правителі з династії Селевкідів користувались титулом дав.-гр. Βασιλεύς Μέγας, що перекладається як Басилевс Великий. В Персії за династії Ахеменідів, чия величезна імперія в Азії існувала 200 років — до 330 р. до Р. Х., а пізніше в державах-наступниках, також використовувався монархічний титул «великий цар». В королів Ірландії, Шотландії, бритів, піктів, а також в Греції, в давні часи існував титул «Верховний король» (High king). (uk) |
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| rdfs:comment | Le titre de grand roi désignait, pour les Grecs, le roi de Perse de la dynastie achéménide à l'époque classique (Ve – IVe siècles av. J.-C.). * Portail de l’Iran et du monde iranien * Portail du Proche-Orient ancien * Portail de la Grèce antique (fr) Raja agung, raja besar, atau gelar setara dalam banyak bahasa adalah gelar semantik bagi sejumlah raja-raja dalam sejarah, yang menunjukkan peningkatan status di antara kumpulan Raja dan Pemimpin (Pangeran). (in) ( 다른 뜻에 대해서는 대왕 (동음이의) 문서를 참고하십시오.) 대왕(大王, Great King)은 여러 왕들 사이에서 높은 지위를 지니거나 위대한 업적을 남긴 군주에게 붙이는 칭호이다. (ko) O título de "grande rei" (sarru rabu, em persa) foi utilizado pelos soberanos persas ao menos desde o século VI a.C., o que lhes atribuía uma grandeza similar à de augusto no Império Romano. Ocasionalmente eram usados os títulos "rei dos reis" (sar sarrâni) ou "senhor dos reis". (pt) Great king, and the equivalent in many languages, refers to historical titles of certain monarchs, suggesting an elevated status among the host of kings and princes. This title is most usually associated with the shahanshah (shah of shahs, i.e. king of kings, indeed translated from Greek as basileus tōn basileōn, later adopted by the Byzantine emperors) of Persia under the Achaemenid dynasty whose vast empire in Asia lasted for 200 years up to the year 330 BC, which was later adopted by successors of the Achaemenid Empire whose monarchial names were also succeeded by "the great". In comparison, "high king" was used by ancient rulers in Great Britain and Ireland, as well as Greece. (en) Великий король — монарший титул, що має еквівалент у багатьох мовах. Цей історичний титул монархів, створювався для підкреслення вищого статусу його власника серед інших королів, царів та князів. Виникнення титулу виводять зі Сходу. Відомий титул Шахіншах (шах шахів), що перекладається грецькою мовою як basileus tōn basileōn, пізніше був прийнятий імператорами Східної Римської імперії. Також деякі Візайнтійські імператори та правителі з династії Селевкідів користувались титулом дав.-гр. Βασιλεύς Μέγας, що перекладається як Басилевс Великий. (uk) |
| rdfs:label | Raja agung (in) Great king (en) Grand roi (fr) 대왕 (ko) Grande rei (pt) Великий король (uk) |
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