Half-Breeds (politics) (original) (raw)
- Half-Breeds, eigentlich Bezeichnung der aus Vermischung französisch-kanadischer Männer und indianischer Frauen hervorgegangenen Abkömmlinge (siehe ), war der Name einer Faktion der Republikanischen Partei in den Vereinigten Staaten, die sich Conklings Einfluss widersetzte und 1880 gegen eine erneute Kandidatur Grants Einspruch erhob. Ihre wichtigste Führungsfigur war James G. Blaine aus Maine. Der damalige US-Präsident James A. Garfield neigte mehr den Half-Breeds zu als ihren Gegnern, den von Conkling geführten Stalwarts. Als September 1882 Sekretär Charles J. Folger für den Gouverneursposten von New York nominiert wurde, enthielten sich die Half-Breeds der Wahl, woraufhin der Demokrat Stephen Grover Cleveland gewählt wurde. 1890 waren die beiden Faktionen der Half-Breeds und Stalwarts wieder vereinigt. (de)
- The "Half-Breeds" were a political faction of the United States Republican Party in the late 19th century. The Half-Breeds were a comparably moderate group, and were the opponents of the Stalwarts, the other main faction of the Republican Party. The main issue that divided the Stalwarts and the Half-Breeds was political patronage. The Stalwarts were in favor of political machines and spoils system-style patronage, while the Half-Breeds, later led by Maine senator James G. Blaine, were in favor of civil service reform and a merit system. The epithet "Half-Breed" was invented in derision by the Stalwarts to denote those whom they perceived as being "only half Republican." The Blaine faction in the context of the Hayes era is commonly attributed as the congressional Half-Breeds, although this is erroneous. Blaine's political organization during this time formed an informal coalition with the Stalwarts in opposition towards aspects of the Hayes administration, a notion affirmed by the writings of Richard E. Welch Jr. In spite of the faction's broad advocacy of civil service reform in their decries of corruption, several members were known to have engaged in illicit practices for personal or partisan benefits. Congressman and Senator Henry L. Dawes was revealed as a stockholder for Crédit Mobilier amidst the scandal; George F. Edmunds of Vermont was later suspected by Richard F. Pettigrew of being "distinctly dishonest" and a "senatorial bribe-taker." (en)
- Los Half-Breeds eran una facción política del Partido Republicano a finales del siglo XIX. (es)
- Les Half-Breeds étaient vers la fin du XIXe siècle aux États-Unis, une faction du Parti républicain, représentant l'aile modérée. Ils s'opposaient alors aux Stalwarts, partisan du président Grant pour le contrôle du parti. Le sujet principal qui divisait les Stalwarts et les Half-Breeds était leur position vis-à-vis du Système des dépouilles en vigueur depuis Andrew Jackson. Les premiers étaient partisans de son maintien qui garantissait la fidélité des fonctionnaires fédéraux vis-à-vis du pouvoir en place ; les seconds prônaient une réforme de la fonction publique donnant plus de place à la compétence et au mérite. Lors de la Convention nationale républicaine de 1880, l'ancien président Ulysses S. Grant était opposé au Half-Breed James G. Blaine pour l'investiture du parti. La campagne de Grant était dirigée par le leader stalwart Roscoe Conkling sénateur de l'État de New York. Les deux parties savaient qu'il n'y avait aucune chance de victoire pour l'un des deux candidats, et Blaine se désista en faveur de James Garfield candidat de compromis. Les Half-Breeds firent passer au Congrès la loi sur la réforme de la fonction publique rédigée par le démocrate George H. Pendleton, et qui a mis fin au système des dépouilles. Vers la fin des années 1880, les deux factions se sont dissoutes. (fr)
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- Los Half-Breeds eran una facción política del Partido Republicano a finales del siglo XIX. (es)
- Half-Breeds, eigentlich Bezeichnung der aus Vermischung französisch-kanadischer Männer und indianischer Frauen hervorgegangenen Abkömmlinge (siehe ), war der Name einer Faktion der Republikanischen Partei in den Vereinigten Staaten, die sich Conklings Einfluss widersetzte und 1880 gegen eine erneute Kandidatur Grants Einspruch erhob. Ihre wichtigste Führungsfigur war James G. Blaine aus Maine. 1890 waren die beiden Faktionen der Half-Breeds und Stalwarts wieder vereinigt. (de)
- The "Half-Breeds" were a political faction of the United States Republican Party in the late 19th century. The Half-Breeds were a comparably moderate group, and were the opponents of the Stalwarts, the other main faction of the Republican Party. The main issue that divided the Stalwarts and the Half-Breeds was political patronage. The Stalwarts were in favor of political machines and spoils system-style patronage, while the Half-Breeds, later led by Maine senator James G. Blaine, were in favor of civil service reform and a merit system. The epithet "Half-Breed" was invented in derision by the Stalwarts to denote those whom they perceived as being "only half Republican." (en)
- Les Half-Breeds étaient vers la fin du XIXe siècle aux États-Unis, une faction du Parti républicain, représentant l'aile modérée. Ils s'opposaient alors aux Stalwarts, partisan du président Grant pour le contrôle du parti. Le sujet principal qui divisait les Stalwarts et les Half-Breeds était leur position vis-à-vis du Système des dépouilles en vigueur depuis Andrew Jackson. Les premiers étaient partisans de son maintien qui garantissait la fidélité des fonctionnaires fédéraux vis-à-vis du pouvoir en place ; les seconds prônaient une réforme de la fonction publique donnant plus de place à la compétence et au mérite. (fr)
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