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Sir Hector Archibald MacDonald KCB, DSO (auch: Fighting Mac) (* 13. April 1853 auf Black Isle (Schottland); † 25. März 1903 in Paris) war ein britischer Major-General und kämpfte in verschiedenen britischen Kolonialkriegen, zum Beispiel bei der Niederschlagung des Mahdi-Aufstandes und im Burenkrieg. (de) Major-General Sir Hector Archibald MacDonald, KCB, DSO (Scottish Gaelic: Eachann Gilleasbaig MacDhòmhnaill; 4 March 1853 – 25 March 1903), also known as Fighting Mac, was a Scottish soldier. The son of a crofter, MacDonald left school before he was 15, enlisted in the Gordon Highlanders as a private at 17, and finished his career as a major general, a rare example of a British Army general who rose through the ranks on merit alone. He distinguished himself in action at the Battle of Omdurman (1898), became a popular hero in Scotland and England, and was knighted for his service in the Second Boer War. Posted to Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) as Commander-in-Chief of British forces, he committed suicide in 1903 following accusations of homosexual activity with local boys. (en) Ba mhaorghinearál dearscnaitheach Victeoiriach de chuid arm na Breataine é An Tiarna Eachainn MacDhòmhnaill (Béarla: Sir Hector Archibald MacDonal), ar a dtugtar Eachann nan cath (4 Márta 1853 – 25 Márta 1903). Cainteoir Gàidhlig a bhí ann. (ga) Sir Hector Archibald MacDonald, även känd som Fighting Mac, född 4 mars 1853 i grevskapet Ross i Skottland, död 25 mars 1903 i Paris, var en brittisk general. Han var son till ett fattigt torparfolk och först anställd som bodbiträde i Dingwall, tog 1870 värvning vid 92:a höglandsregementet Gordon, tjänade sig upp till sergeant och utmärkte sig genom glänsande tapperhet i Afghanistan 1879, där han vann befordran till officer genom ett djärvt anfall på en skara afghaner, som låg i bakhåll för den brittiske överbefälhavaren, general Roberts. Som underlöjtnant stred MacDonald 1881 mot boerna vid , togs till fånga, men återfick sin värja av general Joubert som tecken till fiendernas beundran för hans tapperhet. MacDonald deltog från 1885 i fälttågen i Egypten och Sudan, anförde en egyptisk brigad i Don-golaexpeditionen 1896 och tillbakaslog som brigadchef i det blodiga mahdisternas ursinniga anlopp varigenom han också hämnades Gordons död. Han blev 1899 generalmajor och erhöll ett högt befäl i Indien samt kallades i december samma år till Sydafrika för att överta befälet över den i slaget vid Magersfontein hårt medtagna Höglandsbrigaden. MacDonald anförde den sedan till andra boerkrigets slut, blev svårt sårad vid Paardeberg (februari 1900), men hann likväl deltaga i lord Roberts marsch mot Bloemfontein (mars samma år) och erhöll 1901 knightvärdighet. 1902 blev MacDonald militärbefälhavare på Ceylon. Anklagelser för sedlighetsbrott förmådde honom att begå självmord, i Paris 25 mars 1903. Ett monument över MacDonald, i form av ett högt torn, restes i Dingwall 1907. (sv) Hector Archibald MacDonald (gael. Eachann Gilleasbaig MacDhòmhnaill; ur. 4 marca 1853 koło Dingwall, zm. 25 marca 1903 w Paryżu) – brytyjski wojskowy, zasłużony żołnierz epoki wiktoriańskiej. Nazywano go także Fighting Mac (ang. Walczący Mac). MacDonald był synem rolnika i zakończył naukę szkolną w wieku 15 lat. Dwa lata później zaciągnął się do szkockiego pułku piechoty, karierę zakończył w stopniu generała majora, „jeden z niewielu generałów brytyjskich, którzy stopień otrzymali za własne zasługi oraz profesjonalizm”. Dzięki wzorowo przeprowadzonej akcji w bitwie pod Omdurmanem (1898) został bohaterem narodowym Wielkiej Brytanii i Szkocji. Otrzymał tytuł szlachecki po II wojnie burskiej. Później przydzielony do służby na Cejlonie w stopniu głównodowodzącego brytyjskich sił na wyspie. Popełnił samobójstwo w 1903 roku po publicznym oskarżeniu o utrzymywanie stosunków homoseksualnych z mieszkańcami Cejlonu. (pl) |
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Sir Hector Archibald MacDonald KCB, DSO (auch: Fighting Mac) (* 13. April 1853 auf Black Isle (Schottland); † 25. März 1903 in Paris) war ein britischer Major-General und kämpfte in verschiedenen britischen Kolonialkriegen, zum Beispiel bei der Niederschlagung des Mahdi-Aufstandes und im Burenkrieg. (de) Major-General Sir Hector Archibald MacDonald, KCB, DSO (Scottish Gaelic: Eachann Gilleasbaig MacDhòmhnaill; 4 March 1853 – 25 March 1903), also known as Fighting Mac, was a Scottish soldier. The son of a crofter, MacDonald left school before he was 15, enlisted in the Gordon Highlanders as a private at 17, and finished his career as a major general, a rare example of a British Army general who rose through the ranks on merit alone. He distinguished himself in action at the Battle of Omdurman (1898), became a popular hero in Scotland and England, and was knighted for his service in the Second Boer War. Posted to Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) as Commander-in-Chief of British forces, he committed suicide in 1903 following accusations of homosexual activity with local boys. (en) Ba mhaorghinearál dearscnaitheach Victeoiriach de chuid arm na Breataine é An Tiarna Eachainn MacDhòmhnaill (Béarla: Sir Hector Archibald MacDonal), ar a dtugtar Eachann nan cath (4 Márta 1853 – 25 Márta 1903). Cainteoir Gàidhlig a bhí ann. (ga) Hector Archibald MacDonald (gael. Eachann Gilleasbaig MacDhòmhnaill; ur. 4 marca 1853 koło Dingwall, zm. 25 marca 1903 w Paryżu) – brytyjski wojskowy, zasłużony żołnierz epoki wiktoriańskiej. Nazywano go także Fighting Mac (ang. Walczący Mac). (pl) Sir Hector Archibald MacDonald, även känd som Fighting Mac, född 4 mars 1853 i grevskapet Ross i Skottland, död 25 mars 1903 i Paris, var en brittisk general. Han var son till ett fattigt torparfolk och först anställd som bodbiträde i Dingwall, tog 1870 värvning vid 92:a höglandsregementet Gordon, tjänade sig upp till sergeant och utmärkte sig genom glänsande tapperhet i Afghanistan 1879, där han vann befordran till officer genom ett djärvt anfall på en skara afghaner, som låg i bakhåll för den brittiske överbefälhavaren, general Roberts. (sv) |
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