Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts (original) (raw)

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El Mariscal de Camp Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1r Comte Roberts, Bt, VC KG KP GCB OM GCSI GCIE PC (Cawnpore, 30 de setembre de 1832 – Saint-Omer, 14 de novembre de 1914) va ser un distingit militar britànic d'orígens indis, que s'anomenà a si mateix sempre com a anglo-irlandès, que va ser un dels comandants de més èxit durant l'època victoriana.

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dbo:abstract El Mariscal de Camp Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1r Comte Roberts, Bt, VC KG KP GCB OM GCSI GCIE PC (Cawnpore, 30 de setembre de 1832 – Saint-Omer, 14 de novembre de 1914) va ser un distingit militar britànic d'orígens indis, que s'anomenà a si mateix sempre com a anglo-irlandès, que va ser un dels comandants de més èxit durant l'època victoriana. (ca) Frederick Sleigh Roberts (později povýšený na hraběte - Earl Roberts - a vikomta - Viscount St Pierre; 30. září 1832 - 14. listopadu 1914) byl britský vojevůdce, který dosáhl hodnosti polního maršála a byl jedním z nejúspěšnějších britských vojenských velitelů své doby. Roberts se narodil v Indii v anglo-irské rodině, vstoupil do armády Východoindické společnosti a sloužil jako mladý důstojník během indického povstání, kdy získal Viktoriin kříž za statečnost. Poté byl převelen do britské armády a bojoval v a , ve které za své činy získal slávu a známost. Dále pokračoval v kariéře jako vrchní velitel v Indii a později vedl britské síly k úspěchu ve druhé búrské válce. Stal se také posledním britským vrchním velitelem armády před zrušením této funkce v roce 1904. Roberts byl muž malé postavy a jeho vojáci i širší britská veřejnost ho znali a ctili pod přezdívkou „Bobs“. Byl symbolem britské armády a k stáru se v letech před první světovou válkou stal vlivným zastáncem teze, že Německá říše pro Británii představuje rostoucí hrozbu. Vedle Winstona Churchilla byl jediným člověkem mimo okruh panovnické rodiny, jemuž se ve 20. století při státním pohřbu dostalo cti, že jeho rakev byla před pohřbem vystavena v síni Westminster Hall ve Westminsterském paláci. (cs) Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1. Earl Roberts, von den von ihm kommandierten Truppen Bobs genannt, VC KG KP GCB OM GCSI GCIE KStJ PC (* 30. September 1832 in Kanpur, Indien; † 14. November 1914 in Saint-Omer, Frankreich) war ein britischer Feldmarschall und einer der erfolgreichsten Heerführer des Viktorianischen Zeitalters. (de) Field Marshal Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts, VC, KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, VD, PC, FRSGS (30 September 1832 – 14 November 1914) was a British Victorian era general who became one of the most successful British military commanders of his time. Born in India to an Anglo-Irish family, Roberts joined the East India Company Army and served as a young officer in the Indian Rebellion during which he was awarded the Victoria Cross for gallantry. He was then transferred to the British Army and fought in the Expedition to Abyssinia and the Second Anglo-Afghan War, in which his exploits earned him widespread fame. Roberts would go on to serve as the Commander-in-Chief, India before leading British Forces for a year during the Second Boer War. He also became the last Commander-in-Chief of the Forces before the post was abolished in 1904. A man of small stature, Roberts was affectionately known to his troops and the wider British public as "Bobs" and revered as one of Britain's leading military figures at a time when the British Empire reached the height of its power. He became a symbol for the British Army and in later life became an influential proponent of stronger defence in response to the increasing threat that the German Empire posed to Britain in the lead up to the First World War. (en) Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1.er conde Roberts de Kandahar, KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, KStJ, PC (Cawnpore, India, 30 de septiembre de 1832 - Saint-Omer, Francia, 14 de noviembre de 1914), mariscal de campo británico, fue uno de los más hábiles estrategas de la Era Victoriana. Lord Roberts participó en la Segunda guerra anglo-afgana (1878-1880) y en la Guerra anglo-bóer (1899-1902). Fue además el último comandante en jefe de las Fuerzas británicas hasta la abolición del cargo en 1904. Nacido en la India, sus padres fueron el general Sir Abraham Roberts e Isabella Bunbury. Roberts hizo sus estudios escolares en el Eton College y luego ingresó a la Real Academia Militar de Sandhurst y al Seminario Militar de Addiscombe. Obtuvo el grado de subteniente con la East India Company y luego el de teniente con la Artillería Montada de Bengala. Su primera acción destacada se produjo durante la represión del levantamiento indio de 1857-1858. El 1 de septiembre de 1880 obtuvo una victoria clave durante la Segunda guerra anglo-afgana, al derrotar al ejército afgano de en las cercanías de Kandahar. En 1885 fue nombrado comandante en jefe de las tropas británicas acantonadas en India, cargo que ocupó hasta 1893. Nombrado comandante en jefe de las fuerzas británicas que luchaban en la Guerra anglo-bóer (1899-1902) en enero de 1900, logró revertir una serie de derrotas, capturando Bloemfontein (capital del Estado Libre de Orange), Johannesburgo y Pretoria y derrotando a las fuerzas bóer en Bergendal. En noviembre de 1900 fue reemplazado en su cargo por el general Horatio Kitchener, quien inició una política de tierra quemada en contra de la población civil bóer que incluyó la creación de campos de concentración. En 1901, Roberts fue nombrado comandante en jefe del ejército británico, posición que ostentó hasta 1904 cuando el cargo fue abolido. Posteriormente, Roberts previó la ocurrencia de una guerra en Europa y por ello se convirtió en entusiasta partidario de la introducción del servicio militar obligatorio. Lord Roberts falleció de neumonía el 14 de noviembre de 1914 en Saint-Omer (Francia), después de una visita de inspección a las tropas británicas estacionadas en el frente occidental.​ Se le dio un funeral de Estado y se colocó su cuerpo en Westminster (honor reservado solo para la Familia Real) para luego ser enterrado en la Catedral de San Pablo. A pesar de que su único hijo varón falleció durante la guerra Bóer, se creó un residuo especial para que sus hijas pudieran sucederlo en sus títulos. Esto no evitó que el condado y el vizcondado conferidos se extinguieran con la muerte de su hija menor. (es) Frederick Sleigh Roberts (Kanpur, India, 1832ko irailaren 30a - Saint-Omer, Pas-de-Calais, Frantzia, 1914ko azaroaren 14a) ingeles marexala izan zen. Sandhurst-eko Eskolan egin zituen ikasketa militarrak, eta arrakasta izan zuen 1857ko zipaioen matxinadaren aurka. Abisiniako Kanpainan parte hartu zuen 1868an, eta Indiara itzuli zen gero Afganistan eta Indiako estatuen arteko muga zaintzera. Kabulen ingeles misiolariak hil zituztenez Afganistanen barneratu zen, eta, Kabulez gainera, Kandahar hiriaz ere jabetu zen (1880). Indiako armadako komandante egin zuten 1886an, eta marexal 1895ean. 1899an ingeles osteen buru izan zen boerren aurkako gerran. Londresa itzuli, eta Ingalaterrako armadako jeneral egin zuten. (eu) Frederick Sleigh Roberts (30 septembre 1832 – 14 novembre 1914), 1er , est un soldat anglo-irlandais renommé et l'un des plus talentueux Field Marshals britanniques de l'ère victorienne. Il était généralement surnommé 'Bobs' par les troupes qu'il commandait. (fr) Frederick Roberts, I conte Roberts (Cawnpore, 30 settembre 1832 – Saint-Omer, 14 novembre 1914), è stato un generale britannico. Proveniente da una famiglia di militari, si distinse per coraggio e tenacia in gioventù nella rivolta dei sepoys durante la quale venne decorato con la Victoria Cross. Si dimostrò uno dei più importanti e abili generali britannici dell'Era vittoriana, guidando con successo le sue truppe nella seconda guerra anglo-afghana, dove condusse la famosa marcia su Kandahar, e soprattutto nella seconda guerra boera dove, dopo aver preso il comando, ristabilì con una serie di vittorie la situazione a favore dell'Impero britannico. Promosso feldmaresciallo e comandante in capo del British Army, Roberts, piccolo di statura, ma risoluto e determinato, rimase uno dei più prestigiosi militari britannici fino alla sua morte, avvenuta in tarda età mentre ispezionava le truppe sul fronte occidentale all'inizio della prima guerra mondiale. Massone, fu membro e Maestro venerabile della Loggia Kyber di Peshawar, in India. (it) Frederick Sleigh Roberts, Bt, VC, KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, ( in India, 30 september 1832 – Sint-Omaars, 14 november 1914) was een Brits militair leider. Zijn bijnaam was "Bobs". Roberts werd in Londen begraven in St. Paul's Cathedral in Londen. Roberts was niet groot van stuk, en was op zichzelf geen in het oog lopend figuur. Hij had een reputatie als een 'politieke' generaal, niet als een militair genie. Hij gold als de leider van de 'India' factie van het Britse leger. Deze factie bestond uit officieren die in India gediend hadden en stond tegenover de 'Afrika' factie, die bestond uit officieren die in Afrika gediend hadden. De twee facties verschilden van ideeën over hoe dingen aangepakt hoorden te worden en waren soms meer bezig elkaar te bestrijden dan de vijand. (nl) Frederick Sleigh Roberts (ur. 30 września 1832, zm. 14 listopada 1914) – brytyjski wojskowy, marszałek polny, zmarły na początku I wojny światowej. Odznaczony m.in: Krzyżem Wiktorii, Orderem Podwiązki, Orderem Św. Patryka, Orderem Łaźni, Order of Merit, Orderem Gwiazdy Indii, Orderem Imperium Indyjskiego. (pl) Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1.º Conde Roberts (Cawnpore, 30 de setembro de 1832 — Saint-Omer, 14 de novembro de 1914) foi um marechal de campo britânico e um dos comandantes mais bem-sucedidos da Era Vitoriana. (pt) Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1:e earl Roberts, född 30 september 1832 i Cawnpur i nordvästra Indien, död 14 november 1914 i Saint-Omer i norra Frankrike, var en brittisk fältmarskalk, näst äldste son till generalen sir Abraham Roberts. (sv) Фредерик Слей Робертс, 1-й граф Робертс Кандагарский (англ. Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts of Kandahar; 30 сентября 1832 — 14 ноября 1914) — британский военачальник, фельдмаршал (1895), один из наиболее успешных военных деятелей Викторианской эпохи. (ru) 弗雷德里克·斯雷·罗伯茨,第一代羅伯茨伯爵(Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts,1832年9月30日-1914年11月14日),VC, KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, KStJ, VD, PC,是一位英国陆军元帅,英国著名的军事家,维多利亚女王时代的最成功的指挥官当中的一个。先后参加了1857年镇压印度叛乱、阿富汗战争(1878-1879年),布尔战争(1899-1902年),并曾经担任英国陆军总司令。由于功勋卓著被授予维多利亚十字勋章和嘉德勋章,特別是1879年攻佔阿富汗首都喀布爾的功績,讓他名聞遐邇,後來在1899年底布尔战争英軍初戰不利時,被倫敦政府臨危授命為南非英軍總司令,很快就逆轉頹勢,於1900年擊敗布爾人主力軍,並占領敵軍的各大都市。 (zh)
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rdfs:comment El Mariscal de Camp Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1r Comte Roberts, Bt, VC KG KP GCB OM GCSI GCIE PC (Cawnpore, 30 de setembre de 1832 – Saint-Omer, 14 de novembre de 1914) va ser un distingit militar britànic d'orígens indis, que s'anomenà a si mateix sempre com a anglo-irlandès, que va ser un dels comandants de més èxit durant l'època victoriana. (ca) Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1. Earl Roberts, von den von ihm kommandierten Truppen Bobs genannt, VC KG KP GCB OM GCSI GCIE KStJ PC (* 30. September 1832 in Kanpur, Indien; † 14. November 1914 in Saint-Omer, Frankreich) war ein britischer Feldmarschall und einer der erfolgreichsten Heerführer des Viktorianischen Zeitalters. (de) Frederick Sleigh Roberts (Kanpur, India, 1832ko irailaren 30a - Saint-Omer, Pas-de-Calais, Frantzia, 1914ko azaroaren 14a) ingeles marexala izan zen. Sandhurst-eko Eskolan egin zituen ikasketa militarrak, eta arrakasta izan zuen 1857ko zipaioen matxinadaren aurka. Abisiniako Kanpainan parte hartu zuen 1868an, eta Indiara itzuli zen gero Afganistan eta Indiako estatuen arteko muga zaintzera. Kabulen ingeles misiolariak hil zituztenez Afganistanen barneratu zen, eta, Kabulez gainera, Kandahar hiriaz ere jabetu zen (1880). Indiako armadako komandante egin zuten 1886an, eta marexal 1895ean. 1899an ingeles osteen buru izan zen boerren aurkako gerran. Londresa itzuli, eta Ingalaterrako armadako jeneral egin zuten. (eu) Frederick Sleigh Roberts (30 septembre 1832 – 14 novembre 1914), 1er , est un soldat anglo-irlandais renommé et l'un des plus talentueux Field Marshals britanniques de l'ère victorienne. Il était généralement surnommé 'Bobs' par les troupes qu'il commandait. (fr) Frederick Sleigh Roberts (ur. 30 września 1832, zm. 14 listopada 1914) – brytyjski wojskowy, marszałek polny, zmarły na początku I wojny światowej. Odznaczony m.in: Krzyżem Wiktorii, Orderem Podwiązki, Orderem Św. Patryka, Orderem Łaźni, Order of Merit, Orderem Gwiazdy Indii, Orderem Imperium Indyjskiego. (pl) Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1.º Conde Roberts (Cawnpore, 30 de setembro de 1832 — Saint-Omer, 14 de novembro de 1914) foi um marechal de campo britânico e um dos comandantes mais bem-sucedidos da Era Vitoriana. (pt) Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1:e earl Roberts, född 30 september 1832 i Cawnpur i nordvästra Indien, död 14 november 1914 i Saint-Omer i norra Frankrike, var en brittisk fältmarskalk, näst äldste son till generalen sir Abraham Roberts. (sv) Фредерик Слей Робертс, 1-й граф Робертс Кандагарский (англ. Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts of Kandahar; 30 сентября 1832 — 14 ноября 1914) — британский военачальник, фельдмаршал (1895), один из наиболее успешных военных деятелей Викторианской эпохи. (ru) 弗雷德里克·斯雷·罗伯茨,第一代羅伯茨伯爵(Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts,1832年9月30日-1914年11月14日),VC, KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, KStJ, VD, PC,是一位英国陆军元帅,英国著名的军事家,维多利亚女王时代的最成功的指挥官当中的一个。先后参加了1857年镇压印度叛乱、阿富汗战争(1878-1879年),布尔战争(1899-1902年),并曾经担任英国陆军总司令。由于功勋卓著被授予维多利亚十字勋章和嘉德勋章,特別是1879年攻佔阿富汗首都喀布爾的功績,讓他名聞遐邇,後來在1899年底布尔战争英軍初戰不利時,被倫敦政府臨危授命為南非英軍總司令,很快就逆轉頹勢,於1900年擊敗布爾人主力軍,並占領敵軍的各大都市。 (zh) Frederick Sleigh Roberts (později povýšený na hraběte - Earl Roberts - a vikomta - Viscount St Pierre; 30. září 1832 - 14. listopadu 1914) byl britský vojevůdce, který dosáhl hodnosti polního maršála a byl jedním z nejúspěšnějších britských vojenských velitelů své doby. (cs) Field Marshal Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts, VC, KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, VD, PC, FRSGS (30 September 1832 – 14 November 1914) was a British Victorian era general who became one of the most successful British military commanders of his time. Born in India to an Anglo-Irish family, Roberts joined the East India Company Army and served as a young officer in the Indian Rebellion during which he was awarded the Victoria Cross for gallantry. He was then transferred to the British Army and fought in the Expedition to Abyssinia and the Second Anglo-Afghan War, in which his exploits earned him widespread fame. Roberts would go on to serve as the Commander-in-Chief, India before leading British Forces for a year during the Second Boer War. He also became the last Commander-in-Chief (en) Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1.er conde Roberts de Kandahar, KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, KStJ, PC (Cawnpore, India, 30 de septiembre de 1832 - Saint-Omer, Francia, 14 de noviembre de 1914), mariscal de campo británico, fue uno de los más hábiles estrategas de la Era Victoriana. Lord Roberts participó en la Segunda guerra anglo-afgana (1878-1880) y en la Guerra anglo-bóer (1899-1902). Fue además el último comandante en jefe de las Fuerzas británicas hasta la abolición del cargo en 1904. (es) Frederick Roberts, I conte Roberts (Cawnpore, 30 settembre 1832 – Saint-Omer, 14 novembre 1914), è stato un generale britannico. Proveniente da una famiglia di militari, si distinse per coraggio e tenacia in gioventù nella rivolta dei sepoys durante la quale venne decorato con la Victoria Cross. Si dimostrò uno dei più importanti e abili generali britannici dell'Era vittoriana, guidando con successo le sue truppe nella seconda guerra anglo-afghana, dove condusse la famosa marcia su Kandahar, e soprattutto nella seconda guerra boera dove, dopo aver preso il comando, ristabilì con una serie di vittorie la situazione a favore dell'Impero britannico. (it) Frederick Sleigh Roberts, Bt, VC, KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, ( in India, 30 september 1832 – Sint-Omaars, 14 november 1914) was een Brits militair leider. Zijn bijnaam was "Bobs". Roberts werd in Londen begraven in St. Paul's Cathedral in Londen. (nl)
rdfs:label Frederick Roberts (ca) Frederick Roberts (cs) Frederick Roberts, 1. Earl Roberts (de) Frederick Roberts (es) Frederick Sleigh Roberts (eu) Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts (en) Frederick Roberts (fr) Frederick Roberts, I conte Roberts (it) Frederick Sleigh Roberts (nl) Frederick Roberts (pl) Frederick Roberts, 1.º Conde Roberts (pt) Робертс, Фредерик (ru) Frederick Roberts, 1:e earl Roberts (sv) 第一代羅伯茨伯爵弗雷德里克·羅伯茨 (zh)
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