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Supermax ist die Kurzbezeichnung für super-maximum security, einen Gefängnisstandard aus den USA. Im Gefängnissystem der Vereinigten Staaten wird zwischen Minimum-, Low-, Medium- und High-Security sowie Administrative (zu welchem die Supermaximum Security Prisons zählen) unterschieden. Es handelt sich bei letzterem um eine Art Hochsicherheitsverwahrung für Schwerstkriminelle. (de) Supermax (Supermakso) estas mallongigo por Super Maximum Security prison (Supermaksimume Sekura prizono), prizontipo en Usono. La usona justica sistemo distingas inter Minimum-, Medium-, Close-, Maximum- kaj Supermaximum Security Prisons. Ĉe la lasta temas pri alte sekura gardado de krimeguloj. (eo) Une prison supermaximale (de l'anglais super-maximum security, raccourci en supermax ou administrative maximum, raccourci en ADX) est le terme utilisé, aux États-Unis et dans d'autres pays, pour désigner une prison de très haute sécurité ou bien un quartier de très haute sécurité appartenant à cette prison. Le terme « supermax » découle du concept appliqué au (en) dans l'Illinois à partir de 1983. Depuis, certaines prisons se sont converties vers un système « supermax », traduisant l'isolement total du détenu avec le reste du monde carcéral. On évoque un nombre de soixante prisons de ce type aux États-Unis, la plupart d'entre elles possédant des unités « supermax » en plus des secteurs standards d'une prison traditionnelle. (fr) A super-maximum security (supermax) or administrative maximum (ADX) prison is a "control-unit" prison, or a unit within prisons, which represents the most secure levels of custody in the prison systems of certain countries. The objective is to provide long-term, segregated housing for inmates classified as the highest security risks in the prison system and those who pose an extremely serious threat to both national and global security. (en) Supermax – typ nowoczesnego więzienia, w którym zastosowano szerokie środki kontroli nad skazanymi, między innymi stałe monitorowanie oraz identyfikatory pozwalające na zlokalizowanie więźnia. Przykładem jest zakład karny Souza-Baranowski. Liczba więzień tego typu w USA to 31, znajdują się w nich przestępcy skazani za najpoważniejsze przestępstwa. Każdy skazany ma osobną celę, nie kontaktuje się on w żaden sposób z innymi współwięźniami. Cela składa się z łóżka, toalety, prysznica, stolika, stołka, telewizora i wąskiego okienka. Nie odnotowano ucieczek z tego typu więzień. W 2005 roku skazani wygrali proces o niehumanitarne traktowanie (całkowitą izolację). Obecnie odchodzi się od więzień tego typu ze względu na prawdopodobnie wyższy odsetek recydywistów, być może powodowany izolacją i samotnością, które mają gorszy wpływ na resocjalizację. Inne badania jednak przeczą temu poglądowi. (pl) Тюрьма супермаксимальной безопасности (англ. super maximum security prison), также известная как супермакс (англ. supermax prison) или тюрьма административного максимума (англ. administrative maximum prison / ADX prison) — разновидность исправительного учреждения или его составная часть, обеспечивающая максимально возможный контроль над содержащимися там под стражей заключёнными и защиту от несанкционированного проникновения на территорию тюрьмы посторонних лиц. Цель использования подобной тюрьмы — длительное содержание под стражей особо опасных преступников, представляющих угрозу национальной или международной безопасности. Первая тюрьма такого типа под названием Флоренс была построенa в Колорадо. (ru) |
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https://web.archive.org/web/20060411212946/http:/www.paglen.com/pages/projects/carceral/shu.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20061010053734/http:/prisonactivist.org/cpf/CPFshu.html http://monthlyreview.org/091116eisenman.php http://spamkings.oreilly.com/archives/2006/03/supermax_lockup.html |
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Supermax ist die Kurzbezeichnung für super-maximum security, einen Gefängnisstandard aus den USA. Im Gefängnissystem der Vereinigten Staaten wird zwischen Minimum-, Low-, Medium- und High-Security sowie Administrative (zu welchem die Supermaximum Security Prisons zählen) unterschieden. Es handelt sich bei letzterem um eine Art Hochsicherheitsverwahrung für Schwerstkriminelle. (de) Supermax (Supermakso) estas mallongigo por Super Maximum Security prison (Supermaksimume Sekura prizono), prizontipo en Usono. La usona justica sistemo distingas inter Minimum-, Medium-, Close-, Maximum- kaj Supermaximum Security Prisons. Ĉe la lasta temas pri alte sekura gardado de krimeguloj. (eo) A super-maximum security (supermax) or administrative maximum (ADX) prison is a "control-unit" prison, or a unit within prisons, which represents the most secure levels of custody in the prison systems of certain countries. The objective is to provide long-term, segregated housing for inmates classified as the highest security risks in the prison system and those who pose an extremely serious threat to both national and global security. (en) Une prison supermaximale (de l'anglais super-maximum security, raccourci en supermax ou administrative maximum, raccourci en ADX) est le terme utilisé, aux États-Unis et dans d'autres pays, pour désigner une prison de très haute sécurité ou bien un quartier de très haute sécurité appartenant à cette prison. Le terme « supermax » découle du concept appliqué au (en) dans l'Illinois à partir de 1983. Depuis, certaines prisons se sont converties vers un système « supermax », traduisant l'isolement total du détenu avec le reste du monde carcéral. (fr) Supermax – typ nowoczesnego więzienia, w którym zastosowano szerokie środki kontroli nad skazanymi, między innymi stałe monitorowanie oraz identyfikatory pozwalające na zlokalizowanie więźnia. Przykładem jest zakład karny Souza-Baranowski. Liczba więzień tego typu w USA to 31, znajdują się w nich przestępcy skazani za najpoważniejsze przestępstwa. Każdy skazany ma osobną celę, nie kontaktuje się on w żaden sposób z innymi współwięźniami. Cela składa się z łóżka, toalety, prysznica, stolika, stołka, telewizora i wąskiego okienka. Nie odnotowano ucieczek z tego typu więzień. W 2005 roku skazani wygrali proces o niehumanitarne traktowanie (całkowitą izolację). Obecnie odchodzi się od więzień tego typu ze względu na prawdopodobnie wyższy odsetek recydywistów, być może powodowany izolacją i sam (pl) Тюрьма супермаксимальной безопасности (англ. super maximum security prison), также известная как супермакс (англ. supermax prison) или тюрьма административного максимума (англ. administrative maximum prison / ADX prison) — разновидность исправительного учреждения или его составная часть, обеспечивающая максимально возможный контроль над содержащимися там под стражей заключёнными и защиту от несанкционированного проникновения на территорию тюрьмы посторонних лиц. Цель использования подобной тюрьмы — длительное содержание под стражей особо опасных преступников, представляющих угрозу национальной или международной безопасности. (ru) |
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