Hugh Gaitskell (original) (raw)

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Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell (9 de abril de 1906 - 18 de enero de 1963) fue un político laborista británico, quien se desempeñó en varios cargos ministeriales en distintos gobiernos, y fue el líder del Partido del Trabajo y líder de la oposición desde 1955, hasta su muerte en 1963.

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dbo:abstract Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell (* 9. April 1906 in London; † 18. Januar 1963 ebenda) war ein britischer Politiker. Er war Führer der Labour Party von 1955 bis zu seinem Tod 1963. Er studierte am Winchester College und am New College der Universität Oxford, wo er 1927 sein Examen in dem kombinierten Studium von Philosophie, Politik und Wirtschaft ablegte. 1933/1934 war er Gastdozent an der Universität Wien, wo er unter anderem mit Ludwig von Mises in Kontakt kam. Gaitskell wurde auch Zeuge der Februarkämpfe und der Anfänge des Ständestaates, was ihn zu einem überzeugten Anhänger der parlamentarischen Demokratie und einem reformistischen Sozialdemokraten machte. Während des Zweiten Weltkriegs arbeitete Gaitskell unter anderem im Ministry of Economic Warfare unter Hugh Dalton als Privatsekretär. Für seinen Dienst während des Krieges wurde er 1945 mit dem CBE ausgezeichnet. Bei der Unterhauswahl am 5. Juli 1945 errang Labour einen deutlichen Labour-Wahlsieg und Clement Attlee wurde Premierminister. Gaitskell zog als Abgeordneter für den Wahlkreis Leeds South ins Unterhaus ein und diente danach als persönlicher Assistent des zum Schatzkanzler ernannten Dalton. Ab 1947 war Gaitskell Energieminister (Minister of Fuel and Power), 1950 wurde er Schatzkanzler in Nachfolge Stafford Cripps’ und diente als solcher bis zur Rückkehr der Konservativen an die Regierung nach der vorgezogenen Unterhauswahl am 25. Oktober 1951. Attlee blieb Labour-Vorsitzender. Nachdem Labour auch die Unterhauswahl 1955 verloren hatte, trat Attlee als Vorsitzender zurück und es kam zu einer Kampfkandidatur zwischen Gaitskell und Aneurin Bevan. 157 der 267 Labour-Unterhausabgeordneten (58,8 %) wählten Gaitskell, 70 (26,2 %) wählten Bevan. 1959 war ein Wahlsieg der Labour Party erwartet worden, doch Zweifel an der Machbarkeit von Rentenerhöhungen und eine sehr erfolgreiche Wahlkampagne von Harold Macmillan unter den Slogan „Leben mit den Konservativen ist besser, lasst es euch nicht von Labour zerstören“ führte zum konservativen Erfolg. Gaitskell war ein früher Modernisierer seiner Partei; er versuchte erfolglos, den Abschnitt IV des Parteiprogramms zu ändern, der umfangreiche Verstaatlichungen vorsah. Er widerstand erfolgreich Versuchen, Labour auf eine einseitige Position in Fragen der atomaren Bewaffnung festzulegen. Er verlor zunächst eine Abstimmung und erklärte danach, der werde „kämpfen, kämpfen und wieder kämpfen“, um die Partei zu retten, die er liebe. Gaitskell erkrankte Mitte Dezember 1962 an einer Grippe, wurde aber von seinem Arzt für gesund genug angesehen, um wie geplant in die Sowjetunion reisen zu können. Dort besuchte er den damaligen Staatschef Nikita Chruschtschow. Nach seiner Rückkehr kam er am 4. Januar 1963 in das Middlesex Hospital, weil sich sein Zustand verschlechterte. Trotz großer Anstrengungen der Ärzte starb an einem plötzlichen Auftreten der Autoimmunerkrankung Lupus erythematodes. Zu seinem Nachfolger wurde Harold Wilson gewählt, ein Politiker des linken Labour-Flügels. Es gab Vermutungen, der KGB könnte in Gaitskells Tod involviert sein. Nach seinem Tod wurde seine Ehefrau Dora Gaitskell 1964 als Baroness Gaitskell, of Egremont in the County of Cumberland in den Adelsstand erhoben und war als Life Peeress bis zu ihrem Tod 1989 Mitglied des House of Lords. (de) Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell (9 de abril de 1906 - 18 de enero de 1963) fue un político laborista británico, quien se desempeñó en varios cargos ministeriales en distintos gobiernos, y fue el líder del Partido del Trabajo y líder de la oposición desde 1955, hasta su muerte en 1963. (es) Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell CBE (9 April 1906 – 18 January 1963) was a British politician who served as Leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition from 1955 until his death in 1963. An economics lecturer and wartime civil servant, he was elected to Parliament in 1945 and held office in Clement Attlee's governments, notably as Minister of Fuel and Power following bitter winter of 1946–47, and eventually joining the Cabinet as Chancellor of the Exchequer. Facing the need to increase military spending in 1951, he imposed National Health Service charges on dentures and spectacles, prompting the leading left-winger Aneurin Bevan to resign from the Cabinet. The perceived similarity in his outlook to that of his Conservative Party counterpart Rab Butler was dubbed "Butskellism", initially a satirical term blending their names, and was one aspect of the post-war consensus through which the major parties largely agreed on the main points of domestic and foreign policy until the 1970s. With Labour in opposition from 1951, Gaitskell won bitter leadership battles with Bevan and his supporters to become the Leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition in 1955. In 1956 he opposed the Eden government's use of military force at Suez. Against a backdrop of a booming economy he led Labour to its third successive defeat at the 1959 general election. In the late 1950s, in the teeth of opposition from the major trade unions, he attempted in vain to remove Clause IV of the , which committed Labour to nationalisation of all the means of production. He did not reject public ownership altogether, but also emphasised the ethical goals of liberty, social welfare and above all equality, and argued that they could be achieved by fiscal and social policies within a mixed economy. His revisionist views, on the right wing of the Labour Party, were sometimes called Gaitskellism. Despite this setback, Gaitskell reversed an attempt to adopt unilateral nuclear disarmament as Labour Party policy, and opposed Prime Minister Harold Macmillan's attempt to lead the UK into the European Common Market. He was loved and hated for his confrontational leadership and brutal frankness. He died suddenly in 1963, when he appeared to be on the verge of leading Labour back into power and becoming the next Prime Minister. (en) Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell est un homme politique britannique membre du Parti travailliste, né le 9 avril 1906 à Kensington en Londres et mort à Londres le 18 janvier 1963. Il est chef du Parti travailliste de 1955 à sa mort. (fr) 휴 토드 네일러 게이츠컬(영어: Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell, 1906년 4월 9일~1963년 1월 18일)은 영국의 정치인이다. 애틀리 내각에서 재무장관을 비롯해 여러 공직을 맡았으며, 1955년 경선에서 애뉴어린 베번과 허버트 모리슨을 꺾고 노동당 대표로 선출됐다. 1959년 총선에서 노동당이 졌음에도 유임됐으며, 이후 여론조사에서 노동당 지지율을 크게 올려 차기 총리직 물망에 올랐다. 그러나 갑작스럽게 사망하면서 당 대표와 뒷날 총리직은 해럴드 윌슨에게 넘어갔다. (ko) Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell (Londen, 9 april 1906 - 18 januari 1963) was een Brits politicus voor de Labour Party. Gaitskell vervulde diverse ministeriële posities binnen het kabinet van premier Clement Attlee. Gaitskell was van 1955 tot aan zijn dood in 1963 leider van de Labour Party en oppositieleider in het Britse Lagerhuis. (nl) ヒュー・トッド・ネイラー・ゲイツケル(Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell, CBE, 1906年4月9日 - 1963年1月18日)は、イギリスの政治家である。1955年以来、1963年に死去するまで労働党党首を務めた。 (ja) Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell (Londra, 9 aprile 1906 – Londra, 18 gennaio 1963) è stato un politico britannico. Gaitskell nel 1961 Deputato laburista dal 1945 e ministro dei Carburanti dal 1947, nel 1950 fu nominato ministro degli affari economici. Nell'ottobre dello stesso anno succedette a Stafford Cripps come cancelliere dello Scacchiere, ma nel 1951 il tracollo dei laburisti lo allontanò dalla carica. Nel 1955 subentrò a Herbert Stanley Morrison ed assunse la direzione del Labour Party, mantenuta poi fino al 1963. (it) Хью Тодд Нейлор Гейтскелл (англ. Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell; 9 апреля 1906, Лондон — 18 января 1963, Лондон) — английский политический деятель, лейборист. (ru) Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell (ur. 9 kwietnia 1906 w Londynie, zm. 18 stycznia 1963 tamże) – brytyjski polityk, przywódca Partii Pracy w latach 1955-1963, minister w rządzie Clementa Atlee. (pl) Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell, född 9 april 1906 i London, död 18 januari 1963 i London, var en brittisk politiker som var partiledare för Labour 1955–1963. Gaitskell läste vid Winchester College och universitetet i Oxford. Han blev intresserad av politik tack vare generalstrejken i Storbritannien 1926. Han blev invald i parlamentets underhus för Leeds 1945 och blev finansminister 1950. När Clement Attlee 1955 avgick som partiledare för Labour tog Gaitskell över den posten, efter att ha vunnit över Aneurin Bevan. Han var motståndare till brittiskt medlemskap i EG. Gaitskells plötsliga död 1963 har givit upphov till konspirationsteorier om att han blev mördad av KGB för att Harold Wilson skulle kunna bli premiärminister. Det enda stödet för teorin är en avhoppad spion för Sovjetunionen, Anatolij Golitsyn, som dock inte anses som särskilt trovärdig. (sv) 休·蓋茨克(英語:Hugh Gaitskell)(1906年4月9日-1963年1月18日),英國政治家,工黨成員,曾擔任財政大臣。任内曾提出修改英国工党第四项条款。 1963年1月18日,他因患上紅斑性狼瘡 而與世長辭。 (zh)
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rdfs:comment Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell (9 de abril de 1906 - 18 de enero de 1963) fue un político laborista británico, quien se desempeñó en varios cargos ministeriales en distintos gobiernos, y fue el líder del Partido del Trabajo y líder de la oposición desde 1955, hasta su muerte en 1963. (es) Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell est un homme politique britannique membre du Parti travailliste, né le 9 avril 1906 à Kensington en Londres et mort à Londres le 18 janvier 1963. Il est chef du Parti travailliste de 1955 à sa mort. (fr) 휴 토드 네일러 게이츠컬(영어: Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell, 1906년 4월 9일~1963년 1월 18일)은 영국의 정치인이다. 애틀리 내각에서 재무장관을 비롯해 여러 공직을 맡았으며, 1955년 경선에서 애뉴어린 베번과 허버트 모리슨을 꺾고 노동당 대표로 선출됐다. 1959년 총선에서 노동당이 졌음에도 유임됐으며, 이후 여론조사에서 노동당 지지율을 크게 올려 차기 총리직 물망에 올랐다. 그러나 갑작스럽게 사망하면서 당 대표와 뒷날 총리직은 해럴드 윌슨에게 넘어갔다. (ko) Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell (Londen, 9 april 1906 - 18 januari 1963) was een Brits politicus voor de Labour Party. Gaitskell vervulde diverse ministeriële posities binnen het kabinet van premier Clement Attlee. Gaitskell was van 1955 tot aan zijn dood in 1963 leider van de Labour Party en oppositieleider in het Britse Lagerhuis. (nl) ヒュー・トッド・ネイラー・ゲイツケル(Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell, CBE, 1906年4月9日 - 1963年1月18日)は、イギリスの政治家である。1955年以来、1963年に死去するまで労働党党首を務めた。 (ja) Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell (Londra, 9 aprile 1906 – Londra, 18 gennaio 1963) è stato un politico britannico. Gaitskell nel 1961 Deputato laburista dal 1945 e ministro dei Carburanti dal 1947, nel 1950 fu nominato ministro degli affari economici. Nell'ottobre dello stesso anno succedette a Stafford Cripps come cancelliere dello Scacchiere, ma nel 1951 il tracollo dei laburisti lo allontanò dalla carica. Nel 1955 subentrò a Herbert Stanley Morrison ed assunse la direzione del Labour Party, mantenuta poi fino al 1963. (it) Хью Тодд Нейлор Гейтскелл (англ. Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell; 9 апреля 1906, Лондон — 18 января 1963, Лондон) — английский политический деятель, лейборист. (ru) Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell (ur. 9 kwietnia 1906 w Londynie, zm. 18 stycznia 1963 tamże) – brytyjski polityk, przywódca Partii Pracy w latach 1955-1963, minister w rządzie Clementa Atlee. (pl) 休·蓋茨克(英語:Hugh Gaitskell)(1906年4月9日-1963年1月18日),英國政治家,工黨成員,曾擔任財政大臣。任内曾提出修改英国工党第四项条款。 1963年1月18日,他因患上紅斑性狼瘡 而與世長辭。 (zh) Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell (* 9. April 1906 in London; † 18. Januar 1963 ebenda) war ein britischer Politiker. Er war Führer der Labour Party von 1955 bis zu seinem Tod 1963. Er studierte am Winchester College und am New College der Universität Oxford, wo er 1927 sein Examen in dem kombinierten Studium von Philosophie, Politik und Wirtschaft ablegte. 1933/1934 war er Gastdozent an der Universität Wien, wo er unter anderem mit Ludwig von Mises in Kontakt kam. Gaitskell wurde auch Zeuge der Februarkämpfe und der Anfänge des Ständestaates, was ihn zu einem überzeugten Anhänger der parlamentarischen Demokratie und einem reformistischen Sozialdemokraten machte. (de) Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell CBE (9 April 1906 – 18 January 1963) was a British politician who served as Leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition from 1955 until his death in 1963. An economics lecturer and wartime civil servant, he was elected to Parliament in 1945 and held office in Clement Attlee's governments, notably as Minister of Fuel and Power following bitter winter of 1946–47, and eventually joining the Cabinet as Chancellor of the Exchequer. Facing the need to increase military spending in 1951, he imposed National Health Service charges on dentures and spectacles, prompting the leading left-winger Aneurin Bevan to resign from the Cabinet. (en) Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell, född 9 april 1906 i London, död 18 januari 1963 i London, var en brittisk politiker som var partiledare för Labour 1955–1963. Gaitskell läste vid Winchester College och universitetet i Oxford. Han blev intresserad av politik tack vare generalstrejken i Storbritannien 1926. Han blev invald i parlamentets underhus för Leeds 1945 och blev finansminister 1950. När Clement Attlee 1955 avgick som partiledare för Labour tog Gaitskell över den posten, efter att ha vunnit över Aneurin Bevan. Han var motståndare till brittiskt medlemskap i EG. (sv)
rdfs:label Hugh Gaitskell (en) Hugh Gaitskell (de) Hugh Gaitskell (es) Hugh Gaitskell (it) Hugh Gaitskell (fr) ヒュー・ゲイツケル (ja) 휴 게이츠컬 (ko) Hugh Gaitskell (pl) Hugh Gaitskell (nl) Гейтскелл, Хью (ru) Hugh Gaitskell (sv) 休·蓋茨克 (zh)
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