Intelligent design movement (original) (raw)
The intelligent design movement is a neo-creationist religious campaign for broad social, academic and political change to promote and support the pseudoscientific idea of intelligent design (ID), which asserts that "certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection." Its chief activities are a campaign to promote public awareness of this concept, the lobbying of policymakers to include its teaching in high school science classes, and legal action, either to defend such teaching or to remove barriers otherwise preventing it. The movement arose out of the creation science movement in the United States, and is driven by a small group of proponents.
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| dbo:abstract | حركة التصميم الذكي هي حركة هدفها نشر مفهوم التصميم الذكي في الاوساط الاكادمية والسياسية. وفكرة التصميم الذكي يمكن تلخيصها بانها تعتبر ان اصل الحياة والكون لا يمكن تفسيرها الا بمصمم ذكي لذا فان الحركة توصف على انها خلقية. الانشطة الرئيسية للحركة هو تعزيز الوعي العام لمفهوم التصميم الذكي واعداد مجموعات الضغط على صناع القرار لتضمين التصميم الذكي في المناهج التعليمية في المدارس الحكومية (في دروس العلوم خصيصا)، واعداد الكتب المخصصة للتدريس الطلاب والترافع للدفاع القانوني امام أي عائق يقف عارضا بوجه ذلك. الهدف النهائي لحركة التصميم الذكي هو القضاء على الالحاد والمادية. يرى رواد الحركة بان المجتمع يعاني من «عواقب مدمرة حضاريا» بسبب تبني المادية التي تقود إلى الالحاد. ويعتقدون ان نظرية التطور قد جعلت من الإنسان كائن مجوف بلا طبيعية روحية وليس له غرض اخلاقي ولا معنى جوهري. تتخذ حركة التصميم الذكي عدة سياسات لتنفيذ اهدافها مثل سياسة تعليم الجدل وتتلخص هذه السياسة انتقاد نظرية التطور من خلال توجيه الانظار إلى «عيوبها» والكتابة عن الخلافات الدائرة في الاوساط العلمية حول التطور وتشجيع الطلاب والمعلمين على ايجاد بديل لنظرية التطور وغير ذلك من التحليل النقدي للتطور. في المقابل فان الجمعية الأمريكية لتقدم العلوم أكبر الجمعيات العلمية في العالم صرحت بان «ليس هناك جدل كبير في الأوساط العلمية حول صحة التطور.» وأن «تطور هي واحدة من أقوى والمبادئ المقبولة على نطاق واسع من العلوم الحديثة.» بينما جاء الحكم في محكمة كيتسميلر ضد مدارس منطقة دوفر مخيبا لامال حركة التصميم حيث صرحت المحكمة بان «التطور، بما في ذلك الأصل المشترك والانتقاء الطبيعي، مقبول من المجتمع العلمي وباغلبية ساحقة». يمثل معهد دسكفري القيادة الرئيسية لحركة التصميم الذكي. مركز العلم والحضارة هو جزء من معهد دسكفري يحوي اغلب قادة التصميم الذكي ومؤسيي ستراتيجيتها. يقدم المعارضون انتقادا كبيرا لحركة التصميم الذكي حيث يصفونها بانها حركة سياسية وليست علمية أو تعليمية. ويقولون بان الحركة تحاول جاهدة تعزيز الفكر الديني من خلال إعادة صياغة العقيدة الدينية لاعادة تدريس الخلقية في الفصول الدراسية وانتهاك سياسة فصل الدين عن الدولة المتبعة في الولايات المتحدة. بل ان المعارضون يرون بان الحركة تسعى إلى إعادة تشكيل المجتمع الأمريكي وتحويله إلى مجتمع ثيوقراطي. بينما يقارن ريتشارد دكوينز بين سياسة التصميم الذكي بتعليم الجدل وبين تدريس «سطحية الارض» فيقول: «لو انك قلت بان هناك مدرستين للفكر تستند للعلم، الأولى تقول ان الأرض دائرية والاخرى تقول ان الأرض مسطحة فانت تظلل الأطفال». (ar) Die Intelligent-Design-Bewegung ist eine Kampagne in den USA, die für weitreichende gesellschaftliche, akademische und politische Änderungen eintritt. Sie ist namentlich und inhaltlich von Intelligent Design abgeleitet, einer Form des Neo-Kreationismus. Sie zielt darauf, diesen Begriff in das öffentliche Bewusstsein zu rücken, durch politischen Druck die von ihr vertretenen Lehren in den Lehrplan der Schulen aufnehmen zu lassen, sowie mittels gerichtlicher Schritte einen solchen Unterricht verteidigen zu lassen und Hindernisse dagegen abzubauen. Das Gesamtziel der Bewegung ist es, die „erstickende Überlegenheit der materialistischen Weltanschauung umzukehren“. Ihre Angriffe richten sich vor allem gegen Darwins Evolutionstheorie. An deren Stelle soll eine Wissenschaft treten, die mit christlich-theistischen Vorstellungen im Einklang steht. Die Bewegung entstand 1990 nach der Gründung ihres Zentrums, der christlich-konservativen Denkfabrik Discovery Institute. Die meisten führenden Intelligent-Design-Vertreter, insbesondere dessen programmatischer Berater, Phillip E. Johnson, gehören zum Center for Science and Culture (CSC) der Organisation. Johnson ist einer der produktivsten und ergiebigsten Autoren der Bewegung sowie Architekt der „wedge strategy“ und der -Kampagne. (de) The intelligent design movement is a neo-creationist religious campaign for broad social, academic and political change to promote and support the pseudoscientific idea of intelligent design (ID), which asserts that "certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection." Its chief activities are a campaign to promote public awareness of this concept, the lobbying of policymakers to include its teaching in high school science classes, and legal action, either to defend such teaching or to remove barriers otherwise preventing it. The movement arose out of the creation science movement in the United States, and is driven by a small group of proponents. (en) Aux États-Unis d'Amérique, l’intelligent design movement (littéralement mouvement du dessein intelligent) est une campagne organisée par les néocréationnistes visant à influencer les citoyens, les milieux politiques et académiques américains et à faire accepter le concept du dessein intelligent. L’intelligent design movement regroupe de multiples plans d'action, les plus connus étant ceux du Discovery Institute comme la stratégie du coin ou la (en) (controverse sur l'enseignement). * Portail des États-Unis * Portail du christianisme (fr) O design inteligente ou Tedeísmo é um movimento de natureza filosófica e de implicações religiosas, que clama por amplas mudanças sociais, acadêmicas e políticas, derivadas a partir de conceitos do desenho inteligente. Entre suas principais atividades, estão a campanha para promover a conscientização pública desse conceito, o lobbying sobre legisladores para incluírem seu ensino em aulas de ciência do ensino médio do sistema público e ações legais, sejam para defenderem tal magistério ou para removerem barreiras que o impeçam. O movimento surgiu a partir de grupos anteriores dentro dos Estados Unidos, como o movimento fundamentalista cristão e o movimento evangélico da ciência criacionista e é liderado por um pequeno número de defensores. O principal objetivo do movimento do design inteligente é "derrotar o materialismo científico e seus destrutivos legados morais, culturais e políticos". Seus defensores acreditam que a sociedade sofreu "consequências culturais devastadoras" ao adotar o materialismo e que a ciência é a causa da decadência do materialismo porque busca somente explicações naturais. Eles defendem que a teoria da evolução implica que os humanos não possuem uma natureza espiritual, nenhum propósito moral e nenhum significado intrínseco. Os integrantes do movimento buscam "destruir [a] visão de mundo materialista" representada pela teoria da evolução em favor de "uma ciência consoante com convicções cristãs e teístas". Para alcançar seu objetivo de derrotar a visão de mundo materialista, defensores do design inteligente realizam duas abordagens de longo prazo. Ao lado da promoção do design inteligente, eles também buscam ensinar a controvérsia; descreditando a evolução, ao enfatizar o que eles consideram como falhas na teoria da evolução, ou divergências dentro da comunidade científica; e encorajam professores e estudantes a explorar alternativas alegadamente não-científicas à evolução, ou a analisar criticamente a evolução e a controvérsia ao redor de seu ensino. Entretanto, a maior sociedade científica geral do mundo, a Associação Americana para o Avanço da Ciência, declarou que "não existe controvérsia significativa dentro da comunidade científica sobre a validade da evolução" e que "[a] evolução é dos princípios mais robustos e amplamente aceitos da ciência moderna". A decisão do julgamento de Dover, Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District, na qual as alegações dos defensores do design inteligente foram consideradas por uma corte dos Estados Unidos da América, afirmou que "[a] evolução, incluindo a descendência comum e a seleção natural, é 'amplamente aceita' pela comunidade científica". O Discovery Institute é um think tank cristão conservador que lidera o movimento do design inteligente. O Centro para Ciência e Cultura (CSC, em inglês) do instituto conta com a maioria dos principais defensores do design entre seus membros, notavelmente Phillip E. Johnson, que atua como seu assessor de programa. Johnson é o arquiteto das estratégias-chaves do movimento, a estratégia da cunha e a campanha Ensine a Controvérsia. Os principais defensores do Discovery Institute representam o design inteligente como uma teoria científica revolucionária. A maioria esmagadora da comunidade científica, representada, por exemplo, pela Associação Americana para o Avanço da Ciência, a Academia Nacional de Ciências e praticamente todas as organizações científicas profissionais firmemente rejeitam essas alegações e insistem em que o design inteligente não é uma ciência válida, apontando que seus defensores falharam em realizar verdadeiros programas de pesquisa científica. Essas declarações levaram críticos do movimento a afirmarem que o design inteligente é meramente uma campanha de relações públicas e uma campanha política. (pt) |
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| dbp:date | January 2012 (en) |
| dbp:discuss | Universities that teach ID (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | The intelligent design movement is a neo-creationist religious campaign for broad social, academic and political change to promote and support the pseudoscientific idea of intelligent design (ID), which asserts that "certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection." Its chief activities are a campaign to promote public awareness of this concept, the lobbying of policymakers to include its teaching in high school science classes, and legal action, either to defend such teaching or to remove barriers otherwise preventing it. The movement arose out of the creation science movement in the United States, and is driven by a small group of proponents. (en) Aux États-Unis d'Amérique, l’intelligent design movement (littéralement mouvement du dessein intelligent) est une campagne organisée par les néocréationnistes visant à influencer les citoyens, les milieux politiques et académiques américains et à faire accepter le concept du dessein intelligent. L’intelligent design movement regroupe de multiples plans d'action, les plus connus étant ceux du Discovery Institute comme la stratégie du coin ou la (en) (controverse sur l'enseignement). * Portail des États-Unis * Portail du christianisme (fr) حركة التصميم الذكي هي حركة هدفها نشر مفهوم التصميم الذكي في الاوساط الاكادمية والسياسية. وفكرة التصميم الذكي يمكن تلخيصها بانها تعتبر ان اصل الحياة والكون لا يمكن تفسيرها الا بمصمم ذكي لذا فان الحركة توصف على انها خلقية. الانشطة الرئيسية للحركة هو تعزيز الوعي العام لمفهوم التصميم الذكي واعداد مجموعات الضغط على صناع القرار لتضمين التصميم الذكي في المناهج التعليمية في المدارس الحكومية (في دروس العلوم خصيصا)، واعداد الكتب المخصصة للتدريس الطلاب والترافع للدفاع القانوني امام أي عائق يقف عارضا بوجه ذلك. الهدف النهائي لحركة التصميم الذكي هو القضاء على الالحاد والمادية. يرى رواد الحركة بان المجتمع يعاني من «عواقب مدمرة حضاريا» بسبب تبني المادية التي تقود إلى الالحاد. ويعتقدون ان نظرية التطور قد جعلت من الإنسان كائن مجوف بلا طبيعية روحية وليس له غرض اخلاقي ولا معنى جوهري. (ar) Die Intelligent-Design-Bewegung ist eine Kampagne in den USA, die für weitreichende gesellschaftliche, akademische und politische Änderungen eintritt. Sie ist namentlich und inhaltlich von Intelligent Design abgeleitet, einer Form des Neo-Kreationismus. Sie zielt darauf, diesen Begriff in das öffentliche Bewusstsein zu rücken, durch politischen Druck die von ihr vertretenen Lehren in den Lehrplan der Schulen aufnehmen zu lassen, sowie mittels gerichtlicher Schritte einen solchen Unterricht verteidigen zu lassen und Hindernisse dagegen abzubauen. Das Gesamtziel der Bewegung ist es, die „erstickende Überlegenheit der materialistischen Weltanschauung umzukehren“. Ihre Angriffe richten sich vor allem gegen Darwins Evolutionstheorie. An deren Stelle soll eine Wissenschaft treten, die mit christ (de) O design inteligente ou Tedeísmo é um movimento de natureza filosófica e de implicações religiosas, que clama por amplas mudanças sociais, acadêmicas e políticas, derivadas a partir de conceitos do desenho inteligente. Entre suas principais atividades, estão a campanha para promover a conscientização pública desse conceito, o lobbying sobre legisladores para incluírem seu ensino em aulas de ciência do ensino médio do sistema público e ações legais, sejam para defenderem tal magistério ou para removerem barreiras que o impeçam. O movimento surgiu a partir de grupos anteriores dentro dos Estados Unidos, como o movimento fundamentalista cristão e o movimento evangélico da ciência criacionista e é liderado por um pequeno número de defensores. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Intelligent design movement (en) حركة التصميم الذكي (ar) Intelligent-Design-Bewegung (de) Intelligent design movement (fr) Movimento do design inteligente (pt) |
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