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جيمس كلارك ماك رينولدز (بالإنجليزية: James Clark McReynolds) (3 فبراير 1862 - 24 أغسطس 1946) هو محامي وقاضي أمريكي شغل منصب نائب عام الولايات المتحدة في عهد الرئيس وودرو ويلسون وكقاض مساعد في المحكمة العليا للولايات المتحدة. خدم في المحكمة من أكتوبر 1914 إلى تقاعده في يناير 1941. اشتهر ماك رينولدز بمعاداته لليهود علانية ومعارضته المستمرة للبرامج المحلية للرئيس فرانكلين روزفلت. ولد ماك رينولدز في إلكتون بولاية كنتاكي، وزاول القانون في تينيسي بعد تخرجه من كلية الحقوق بجامعة فرجينيا. شغل منصب مساعد النائب العام خلال إدارة الرئيس ثيودور روزفلت وأصبح معروفا لمهارته في قضايا مكافحة الاحتكار. تولي الرئيس ويلسون منصبه في عام 1913، وعين ماك رينولدز ليكون أول نائب عام في إدارته. وقد رشحه ويلسون إلى المحكمة العليا في عام 1914 لملء الفراغ الذي نجم عن وفاة القاضي المساعد هوراس هارمون لورتون، ونجح هذا الترشيح. في السنوات الست والعشرين التي قضاها ماكرينولدز على مقاعد القضاة، صوت بأكثر من 506 رأي أغلبية للمحكمة و157 رأي معارضة، وكان 93 منها ضد الصفقة الجديدة. كان ماكرينولدز جزءا من كتلة «فرسان القيامة الأربعة» من القضاة المحافظين الذين صوتوا لإسقاط العديد من برامج الصفقة الجديدة. تقاعد في عام 1941 وخلفه جيمس بيرنز. ومن بين أهم قضاياه في المحكمة العليا، صوت ماك رينولدز برأي الأغلبية في قضايا مثل ماير ضد نبراسكا، الولايات المتحدة ضد ميلر، بيرس ضد جمعية الأخوات. (ar) James Clark McReynolds (* 3. Februar 1862 in , Todd County, Kentucky; † 24. August 1946 in Washington, D.C.) war ein amerikanischer Jurist, Politiker, Justizminister (Attorney General) sowie Richter am United States Supreme Court. (de) James Clark McReynolds (February 3, 1862 – August 24, 1946) was an American lawyer and judge from Tennessee who served as United States Attorney General under President Woodrow Wilson and as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He served on the Court from 1914 to his retirement in 1941. McReynolds is best known today for his sustained opposition to the domestic programs of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and his personality, which was widely viewed negatively and included documented elements of overt antisemitism and racism. Born in Elkton, Kentucky, McReynolds practiced law in Tennessee after graduating from the University of Virginia School of Law. He served as the U.S. Assistant Attorney General during President Theodore Roosevelt's administration and became well known for his skill in antitrust cases. After Wilson took office in 1913, he appointed McReynolds as his administration's first attorney general. Wilson nominated McReynolds to the Supreme Court in 1914 to fill the vacancy caused Associate Justice Horace Harmon Lurton's death. In his 26 years on the bench, McReynolds wrote 506 majority opinions for the Court and 157 dissents, 93 of which were against the New Deal. He was part of the "Four Horsemen" bloc of conservative justices who frequently voted to strike down New Deal programs. He assumed senior status in 1941 and was succeeded by James F. Byrnes. During his Supreme Court tenure, McReynolds wrote the majority opinion in cases such as Meyer v. Nebraska, United States v. Miller, Adams v. Tanner, and Pierce v. Society of Sisters. Due to his bigotry and temperament, McReynolds is sometimes included on lists of the worst Supreme Court justices. (en) James Clark McReynolds, né le 3 février 1862 à Elkton (Kentucky) et mort le 24 août 1946 à Washington, D.C., est un juriste et homme politique américain. Membre du Parti démocrate, il est procureur général des États-Unis entre 1913 et 1914 dans l'administration du président Woodrow Wilson puis juge de la Cour suprême entre 1914 et 1941. Il est connu pour ses positions conservatrices, opposées dans une large mesure à la législation conçue par Franklin Delano Roosevelt à l'occasion du New Deal. (fr) James Clark McReynolds adalah hakim Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat. Ia mulai menjabat sebagai hakim pada mahkamah tersebut pada tanggal 12 Oktober 1914. Masa baktinya sebagai hakim berakhir pada tanggal 31 Januari 1941. (in) James Clark McReynolds (Elkton, 3 febbraio 1862 – Washington, 24 agosto 1946) è stato un politico e avvocato statunitense. (it) James Clark McReynolds, född 3 februari 1862 i Elkton, Kentucky, död 24 augusti 1946 i Washington DC, var en amerikansk jurist och politiker. McReynolds tog sin grundexamen vid Vanderbilt University och juristexamen vid University of Virginia. Han arbetade som advokat i Nashville och var juridikprofessor vid Vanderbilt University. Han var biträdande justitieminister under president Theodore Roosevelt 1903-1907. Därefter fortsatte han sin juristkarriär i New York. President Woodrow Wilson utnämnde McReynolds 1913 till USA:s justitieminister och följande år till domare i USA:s högsta domstol. Han satt i högsta domstolen en lång period, 1914-1941. McReynolds var en bitter motståndare till president Franklin D. Roosevelt och New Deal. Han var också en känd antisemit. 1924 vägrade han att posera i ett gruppfoto bredvid sin kollega Louis Brandeis, som var judisk. Dessutom var McReynolds känd för sina misogyniska åsikter. Han gifte sig aldrig och hade inga barn, även om han tyckte bra om barn; t.ex. adopterade han 33 barn som föll offer för de tyska bombningarna av London 1940. (sv) 詹姆斯·克拉克·麦克雷诺兹（James Clark McReynolds，1862年2月3日－1946年8月24日），生于肯塔基州，美国法学家、律师、政治家。他于1913年至1914年在威尔逊总统期间任司法部长，任职期间积极反对垄断。1914年他被威尔逊任命为最高法院大法官，任该职直至1941年退休。麦克雷诺兹在最高法院期间思想极其保守，曾严厉反对罗斯福的“新政”。1946年麦克雷诺兹在华盛顿逝世，终身未婚。 (zh) |
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James Clark McReynolds (* 3. Februar 1862 in , Todd County, Kentucky; † 24. August 1946 in Washington, D.C.) war ein amerikanischer Jurist, Politiker, Justizminister (Attorney General) sowie Richter am United States Supreme Court. (de) James Clark McReynolds, né le 3 février 1862 à Elkton (Kentucky) et mort le 24 août 1946 à Washington, D.C., est un juriste et homme politique américain. Membre du Parti démocrate, il est procureur général des États-Unis entre 1913 et 1914 dans l'administration du président Woodrow Wilson puis juge de la Cour suprême entre 1914 et 1941. Il est connu pour ses positions conservatrices, opposées dans une large mesure à la législation conçue par Franklin Delano Roosevelt à l'occasion du New Deal. (fr) James Clark McReynolds adalah hakim Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat. Ia mulai menjabat sebagai hakim pada mahkamah tersebut pada tanggal 12 Oktober 1914. Masa baktinya sebagai hakim berakhir pada tanggal 31 Januari 1941. (in) James Clark McReynolds (Elkton, 3 febbraio 1862 – Washington, 24 agosto 1946) è stato un politico e avvocato statunitense. (it) 詹姆斯·克拉克·麦克雷诺兹（James Clark McReynolds，1862年2月3日－1946年8月24日），生于肯塔基州，美国法学家、律师、政治家。他于1913年至1914年在威尔逊总统期间任司法部长，任职期间积极反对垄断。1914年他被威尔逊任命为最高法院大法官，任该职直至1941年退休。麦克雷诺兹在最高法院期间思想极其保守，曾严厉反对罗斯福的“新政”。1946年麦克雷诺兹在华盛顿逝世，终身未婚。 (zh) جيمس كلارك ماك رينولدز (بالإنجليزية: James Clark McReynolds) (3 فبراير 1862 - 24 أغسطس 1946) هو محامي وقاضي أمريكي شغل منصب نائب عام الولايات المتحدة في عهد الرئيس وودرو ويلسون وكقاض مساعد في المحكمة العليا للولايات المتحدة. خدم في المحكمة من أكتوبر 1914 إلى تقاعده في يناير 1941. اشتهر ماك رينولدز بمعاداته لليهود علانية ومعارضته المستمرة للبرامج المحلية للرئيس فرانكلين روزفلت. (ar) James Clark McReynolds (February 3, 1862 – August 24, 1946) was an American lawyer and judge from Tennessee who served as United States Attorney General under President Woodrow Wilson and as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He served on the Court from 1914 to his retirement in 1941. McReynolds is best known today for his sustained opposition to the domestic programs of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and his personality, which was widely viewed negatively and included documented elements of overt antisemitism and racism. Born in Elkton, Kentucky, McReynolds practiced law in Tennessee after graduating from the University of Virginia School of Law. He served as the U.S. Assistant Attorney General during President Theodore Roosevelt's administration and became w (en) James Clark McReynolds, född 3 februari 1862 i Elkton, Kentucky, död 24 augusti 1946 i Washington DC, var en amerikansk jurist och politiker. McReynolds tog sin grundexamen vid Vanderbilt University och juristexamen vid University of Virginia. Han arbetade som advokat i Nashville och var juridikprofessor vid Vanderbilt University. Han var biträdande justitieminister under president Theodore Roosevelt 1903-1907. Därefter fortsatte han sin juristkarriär i New York. (sv) |
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جيمس كلارك ماك رينولدز (ar) James C. McReynolds (de) James Clark McReynolds (in) James Clark McReynolds (en) James Clark McReynolds (fr) James Clark McReynolds (it) James Clark McReynolds (sv) 詹姆斯·克拉克·麦克雷诺兹 (zh) |
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