| dbo:abstract |
Harlan Fiske Stone (11. října 1872, Chesterfield, New Hampshire – 22. dubna 1946, Washington, D.C.) byl americký právník a politik. (cs) هارلان فيسك ستون (بالإنجليزية: Harlan F. Stone) (11 أكتوبر 1872 - 22 أبريل 1946) هو سياسي وقانوني أميركي. عمل كقاضى معاون في المحكمة العليا من عام 1925 إلى عام 1941 ثم أصبح رئيس المحكمة العليا الثاني عشر من عام 1941 إلى وفاته عام 1946. وكان أيضا النائب العام الثاني والخمسين للولايات المتحدة. ومن أشهر أقواله: «المحاكم ليست الوكالة الحكومية الوحيدة التي يفترض أن تكون لها القدرة على ممارسة السلطة». ولد ستون في مدينة تشيسترفيلد، نيو هامبشاير، وزاول القانون في مدينة نيويورك بعد تخرجه من كلية الحقوق في كولومبيا. أصبح عميد كلية كولومبيا للقانون وشريكا في شركة سوليفان أند كرومويل. وخدم في مجلس التحقيق في وزارة الحرب خلال الحرب العالمية الأولى الذي بحث في مصداقية معارضي الخدمة. عينه الرئيس كالفين كوليدج في منصب النائب العام في عام 1924. سعى ستون لإصلاح وزارة العدل في أعقاب العديد من الفضائح التي وقعت خلال إدارة الرئيس وارن جي. هاردينغ. كما تابع العديد من قضايا مكافحة الاحتكار ضد الشركات الكبيرة. في عام 1925، قام كوليدج بترشيح ستون ليخلف القاضي المساعد المتقاعد جوزيف ماكينا، ونال ستون على تصديق مجلس الشيوخ على القرار مع معارضة من قلة. بدأ ستون أولا كمساعد رئيس المحكمة وليام هوارد تافت، وانضم إلى القضاة هولمز وبرانديز في الدعوة إلى ضبط القضاء واحترام الإرادة التشريعية. أصبح بعدها مساعدا للقاضي تشارلز إيفانز هيوز، شكل كل من ستون والقضاة برانديز وكاردوزو كتلة ليبرالية سميت الفرسان الثلاثة الذين صوتوا لدعم دستورية برامج الصفقة الجديدة. وكان تصويته للأغلبية في قضايا الولايات المتحدة ضد شركة داربي للخشب والولايات المتحدة ضد شركة كارولين مؤثرا في تشكيل معايير التدقيق القضائي. في عام 1941، رشحه الرئيس فرانكلين روزفلت ستون ليخلف القاضي المتقاعد تشارلز إيفانز هيوز كرئيس للمحكمة، وسرعان ما صادق مجلس الشيوخ على تعيينه. ترأس ستون المحكمة في عدة قضايا خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، وأيد رأي الأغلبية في المحاكمة التي أيدت قاضي المحكمة العسكرية في محاكمة ثمان مخربين ألمان. وكان رأيه المؤيد للأغلبية في قضية إنترناشنال للأحذية ضد واشنطن مؤثرا فيما يتعلق بالولاية القضائية الشخصية. شغل ستون منصب رئيس القضاة حتى وفاته في عام 1946. وكان صاحب أقصر فترة بين رؤساء القضاة، وكان أول رئيس للقضاة لم يخدم في مناصب انتخابية. (ar) Harlan Fiske Stone (* 11. Oktober 1872 in , Cheshire County, New Hampshire; † 22. April 1946 in Washington, D.C.) war ein US-amerikanischer Jurist und Politiker. Er fungierte als US-Justizminister unter US-Präsident Calvin Coolidge sowie als der zwölfte Chief Justice of the United States. (de) Harlan Fiske Stone (October 11, 1872 – April 22, 1946) was an American attorney and jurist who served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1925 to 1941 and then as the 12th chief justice of the United States from 1941 until his death in 1946. He also served as the U.S. Attorney General from 1924 to 1925 under President Calvin Coolidge, with whom he had attended Amherst College as a young man. His most famous dictum was: "Courts are not the only agency of government that must be assumed to have capacity to govern." Raised in western Massachusetts, Stone practiced law in New York City after graduating from Columbia Law School. He became the Dean of Columbia Law School and a partner with Sullivan & Cromwell. During World War I, he served on the U.S. Department of War's Board of Inquiry, which evaluated the sincerity of conscientious objectors. In 1924, President Calvin Coolidge appointed Stone as the Attorney General. Stone sought to reform the U.S. Department of Justice in the aftermath of several scandals that occurred during the administration of President Warren G. Harding. He also pursued several antitrust cases against large corporations. In 1925, Coolidge nominated Stone to the Supreme Court to succeed retiring Associate Justice Joseph McKenna, and Stone won U.S. Senate confirmation with little opposition. On the Taft Court, Stone joined with Justices Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. and Louis Brandeis in calling for judicial restraint and deference to the legislative will. On the Hughes Court, Stone and Justices Brandeis and Benjamin N. Cardozo formed a liberal bloc called the Three Musketeers that generally voted to uphold the constitutionality of the New Deal. His majority opinions in United States v. Darby Lumber Co. (1941) and United States v. Carolene Products Co. (1938) were influential in shaping standards of judicial scrutiny. In 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt nominated Stone to succeed the retiring Charles Evans Hughes as Chief Justice, and the Senate quickly confirmed Stone. The Stone Court presided over several cases during World War II, and Stone's majority opinion in Ex parte Quirin upheld the jurisdiction of a U.S. military tribunal over the trial of eight German saboteurs. His majority opinion in International Shoe Co. v. Washington (1945) was influential with regards to personal jurisdiction. Stone was the Chief Justice in Korematsu v. United States (1944), ruling the exclusion of Japanese Americans into internment camps as constitutional. Stone served as Chief Justice until his death in 1946. He had one of the shortest terms of any Chief Justice, and was the first Chief Justice not to have served in elected office. (en) Harlan Fiske Stone, né le 11 octobre 1872 à Chesterfield (New Hampshire) et mort le 22 avril 1946 à Washington (district de Columbia), est un juriste et homme politique américain. En 1899, il a épousé Agnès E. Harvey avec qui il a eu deux garçons Lauson H. Stone et Marshall H. Stone. (fr) Harlan Fiske Stone adalah hakim Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat. Ia mulai menjabat sebagai hakim pada mahkamah tersebut pada tanggal 2 Maret 1925. Masa baktinya sebagai hakim berakhir pada tanggal 2 Juli 1941. (in) ハーラン・フィスク・ストーン（英: Harlan Fiske Stone、1872年10月11日 - 1946年4月22日）は、アメリカ合衆国の法律家。1925年から1941年までアメリカ合衆国最高裁判所の副裁判官、その後1941年から死去するまでアメリカ合衆国最高裁判所長官を務めた。また、1924年から1925年にかけて、アマースト大学の同窓生のカルビン・クーリッジ大統領の下で米国司法長官を務めた。 彼の最も有名なことばは、「裁判所は統治能力を持っていると想定されなければならない唯一の政府機関ではない」である。 (ja) Harlan Fiske Stone (Chesterfield, 11 ottobre 1872 – Washington, 22 aprile 1946) è stato un politico e giurista statunitense, presidente della Corte suprema degli Stati Uniti dal 1941 al 1946. (it) Harlan Fiske Stone (ur. 11 października 1872, zm. 22 kwietnia 1946) – amerykański prawnik. W latach 1924–1925 był prokuratorem generalnym Stanów Zjednoczonych w gabinecie prezydenta Calvina Coolidge’a. W latach 1925–1941 był sędzią Sądu Najwyższego Stanów Zjednoczonych, a w latach 1941–1946 z nominacji prezydenta Franklina Delano Roosevelta pełnił funkcję jego prezesa. (pl) Harlan Fiske Stone, född 11 oktober 1872 i Chesterfield, New Hampshire, död 22 april 1946 i Washington, D.C., var en amerikansk jurist och chefsdomare i USA:s högsta domstol 1941-1946. (sv) Harlan Fiske Stone (11 de Outubro de 1872 – 22 de Abril de 1946) foi um advogado e jurista americano que atuou como Juiz Associado da Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos de 1925 a 1941 e, em seguida, como Chefe de Justiça dos Estados Unidos de 1941 até sua morte em 1946. Ele também serviu como Procurador-Geral dos Estados Unidos de 1924 a 1925 sob o presidente Calvin Coolidge, com quem frequentou o Amherst College quando jovem. Seu ditado mais famoso era: "Os tribunais não são o único órgão do governo que deve ter capacidade de governar". (pt) Харлан Фиск Стоун (англ. Harlan Fiske Stone; 11 октября 1872, Честерфилд, Нью-Гэмпшир — 22 апреля 1946, Вашингтон) — американский юрист и государственный деятель, 52-й генеральный прокурор США, 12-й председатель Верховного суда США. (ru) 哈伦·菲斯克·斯通（Harlan Fiske Stone，1872年10月11日－1946年4月22日），美国律师、政治家，曾任美国司法部长、美国最高法院大法官和美国首席大法官。他最著名的格言是:“法院不是唯一的政府机构，必须被假定有治理的能力。” 斯通出生在美國新罕布夏州，从哥伦比亚大学法学院毕业后在纽约市从事法律工作。第一次世界大战期间，他在战争部门调查委员会任职，该委员会评估了出于良心拒服兵役者的诚意。1924年，卡尔文·柯立芝总统任命斯通为司法部长。在沃伦·盖玛利尔·哈定政府期间发生的几起丑闻之后，斯通试图改革司法部。他还对一些大公司提起反垄断诉讼。 1925年，柯立芝提名斯通接替即将退休的大法官，斯通以微弱的反对获得参议院的批准。在塔夫脱法庭上，斯通与霍姆斯法官和布兰迪斯法官一起呼吁司法克制，尊重立法意愿。在休斯法庭上，斯通、布兰代斯法官和卡多佐法官组成了一个名为“三个火枪手”的自由集团，他们通常投票支持新政的合宪性。他在和中的多数意见对制定司法审查标准产生了影响。 1941年，富兰克林·D·罗斯福总统提名斯通接替退休的查尔斯·埃文斯·休斯担任首席大法官，参议院很快确认了斯通的任命。斯通在是松诉合众国案中认为将日裔美国人排除在拘留营是符合宪法的。斯通担任首席大法官直至1946年去世。他是所有首席大法官中是第一位没有担任过民选公职的首席大法官。 (zh) |
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Harlan Fiske Stone (11. října 1872, Chesterfield, New Hampshire – 22. dubna 1946, Washington, D.C.) byl americký právník a politik. (cs) Harlan Fiske Stone (* 11. Oktober 1872 in , Cheshire County, New Hampshire; † 22. April 1946 in Washington, D.C.) war ein US-amerikanischer Jurist und Politiker. Er fungierte als US-Justizminister unter US-Präsident Calvin Coolidge sowie als der zwölfte Chief Justice of the United States. (de) Harlan Fiske Stone, né le 11 octobre 1872 à Chesterfield (New Hampshire) et mort le 22 avril 1946 à Washington (district de Columbia), est un juriste et homme politique américain. En 1899, il a épousé Agnès E. Harvey avec qui il a eu deux garçons Lauson H. Stone et Marshall H. Stone. (fr) Harlan Fiske Stone adalah hakim Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat. Ia mulai menjabat sebagai hakim pada mahkamah tersebut pada tanggal 2 Maret 1925. Masa baktinya sebagai hakim berakhir pada tanggal 2 Juli 1941. (in) ハーラン・フィスク・ストーン（英: Harlan Fiske Stone、1872年10月11日 - 1946年4月22日）は、アメリカ合衆国の法律家。1925年から1941年までアメリカ合衆国最高裁判所の副裁判官、その後1941年から死去するまでアメリカ合衆国最高裁判所長官を務めた。また、1924年から1925年にかけて、アマースト大学の同窓生のカルビン・クーリッジ大統領の下で米国司法長官を務めた。 彼の最も有名なことばは、「裁判所は統治能力を持っていると想定されなければならない唯一の政府機関ではない」である。 (ja) Harlan Fiske Stone (Chesterfield, 11 ottobre 1872 – Washington, 22 aprile 1946) è stato un politico e giurista statunitense, presidente della Corte suprema degli Stati Uniti dal 1941 al 1946. (it) Harlan Fiske Stone (ur. 11 października 1872, zm. 22 kwietnia 1946) – amerykański prawnik. W latach 1924–1925 był prokuratorem generalnym Stanów Zjednoczonych w gabinecie prezydenta Calvina Coolidge’a. W latach 1925–1941 był sędzią Sądu Najwyższego Stanów Zjednoczonych, a w latach 1941–1946 z nominacji prezydenta Franklina Delano Roosevelta pełnił funkcję jego prezesa. (pl) Harlan Fiske Stone, född 11 oktober 1872 i Chesterfield, New Hampshire, död 22 april 1946 i Washington, D.C., var en amerikansk jurist och chefsdomare i USA:s högsta domstol 1941-1946. (sv) Harlan Fiske Stone (11 de Outubro de 1872 – 22 de Abril de 1946) foi um advogado e jurista americano que atuou como Juiz Associado da Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos de 1925 a 1941 e, em seguida, como Chefe de Justiça dos Estados Unidos de 1941 até sua morte em 1946. Ele também serviu como Procurador-Geral dos Estados Unidos de 1924 a 1925 sob o presidente Calvin Coolidge, com quem frequentou o Amherst College quando jovem. Seu ditado mais famoso era: "Os tribunais não são o único órgão do governo que deve ter capacidade de governar". (pt) Харлан Фиск Стоун (англ. Harlan Fiske Stone; 11 октября 1872, Честерфилд, Нью-Гэмпшир — 22 апреля 1946, Вашингтон) — американский юрист и государственный деятель, 52-й генеральный прокурор США, 12-й председатель Верховного суда США. (ru) 哈伦·菲斯克·斯通（Harlan Fiske Stone，1872年10月11日－1946年4月22日），美国律师、政治家，曾任美国司法部长、美国最高法院大法官和美国首席大法官。他最著名的格言是:“法院不是唯一的政府机构，必须被假定有治理的能力。” 斯通出生在美國新罕布夏州，从哥伦比亚大学法学院毕业后在纽约市从事法律工作。第一次世界大战期间，他在战争部门调查委员会任职，该委员会评估了出于良心拒服兵役者的诚意。1924年，卡尔文·柯立芝总统任命斯通为司法部长。在沃伦·盖玛利尔·哈定政府期间发生的几起丑闻之后，斯通试图改革司法部。他还对一些大公司提起反垄断诉讼。 1925年，柯立芝提名斯通接替即将退休的大法官，斯通以微弱的反对获得参议院的批准。在塔夫脱法庭上，斯通与霍姆斯法官和布兰迪斯法官一起呼吁司法克制，尊重立法意愿。在休斯法庭上，斯通、布兰代斯法官和卡多佐法官组成了一个名为“三个火枪手”的自由集团，他们通常投票支持新政的合宪性。他在和中的多数意见对制定司法审查标准产生了影响。 1941年，富兰克林·D·罗斯福总统提名斯通接替退休的查尔斯·埃文斯·休斯担任首席大法官，参议院很快确认了斯通的任命。斯通在是松诉合众国案中认为将日裔美国人排除在拘留营是符合宪法的。斯通担任首席大法官直至1946年去世。他是所有首席大法官中是第一位没有担任过民选公职的首席大法官。 (zh) هارلان فيسك ستون (بالإنجليزية: Harlan F. Stone) (11 أكتوبر 1872 - 22 أبريل 1946) هو سياسي وقانوني أميركي. عمل كقاضى معاون في المحكمة العليا من عام 1925 إلى عام 1941 ثم أصبح رئيس المحكمة العليا الثاني عشر من عام 1941 إلى وفاته عام 1946. وكان أيضا النائب العام الثاني والخمسين للولايات المتحدة. ومن أشهر أقواله: «المحاكم ليست الوكالة الحكومية الوحيدة التي يفترض أن تكون لها القدرة على ممارسة السلطة». (ar) Harlan Fiske Stone (October 11, 1872 – April 22, 1946) was an American attorney and jurist who served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1925 to 1941 and then as the 12th chief justice of the United States from 1941 until his death in 1946. He also served as the U.S. Attorney General from 1924 to 1925 under President Calvin Coolidge, with whom he had attended Amherst College as a young man. His most famous dictum was: "Courts are not the only agency of government that must be assumed to have capacity to govern." (en) |
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هارلان فيسك ستون (ar) Harlan Fiske Stone (cs) Harlan Fiske Stone (de) Harlan F. Stone (en) Harlan Fiske Stone (in) Harlan Fiske Stone (it) Harlan Fiske Stone (fr) ハーラン・ストーン (ja) Harlan Fiske Stone (pl) Harlan F. Stone (pt) Harlan Fiske Stone (sv) Стоун, Харлан (ru) 哈伦·菲斯克·斯通 (zh) |
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