Jetboat (original) (raw)
噴射快艇是由從船尾噴出的水流推動的小船。與在船下或船後的水中使用外部螺旋槳的機動船或機動船不同，噴射快艇將水從船底通過進水口抽入船內的水泵中，然後通過船尾的噴嘴排出。現代噴射快艇是由新西蘭工程師威廉·漢密爾頓爵士（Sir William Hamilton）在1950年代中期開發的。
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| dbo:abstract | Ein Jetboot ist ein Wasserfahrzeug, das statt von einer Schiffsschraube durch einen oder mehrere Wasserstrahlantriebe angetrieben und gelenkt wird. Das zum Vortrieb benötigte Wasser wird im Heckbereich am Boden des Bootsrumpfes angesaugt, da der Bug eines Jetbootes bei schneller Gleitfahrt oft keinen Kontakt mehr zur Wasseroberfläche hat, und durch schwenkbare Düsen ausgestoßen (Jet, Jetstrahl). Mit Umkehrklappen kann auch ein Bremsschub zum Abbremsen des Bootes oder zur Rückwärtsfahrt erzeugt werden. Solche Boote bewähren sich vor allem in seichten Gewässern, sie sind sehr wendig und manövrierfähig und können dank ihres flachen Bodens ohne aus der Rumpfkontour vorstehende Antriebselemente problemlos Zonen geringer Wassertiefe durchfahren, ohne Gefahr zu laufen, Schrauben, Ruder, Z-Antrieb oder den Schaft eines Außenborders zu beschädigen. Jetboote wurden ursprünglich von William Hamilton für die speziellen Anforderungen in Neuseeland entwickelt. Ein neues Jetboot ist beim Zoll auf dem Bodensee seit 2021 im Einsatz. Nach Renovierung erhielt die BUCHHORN einen Jetantrieb, der mit seinem 1020 PS-Motor das Boot auf mehr als 70 Stundenkilometer bringt. Im weiteren Sinne werden auch Wassermotorräder zu den Jetbooten gezählt. (de) A jetboat is a boat propelled by a jet of water ejected from the back of the craft. Unlike a powerboat or motorboat that uses an external propeller in the water below or behind the boat, a jetboat draws the water from under the boat through an intake and into a pump-jet inside the boat, before expelling it through a nozzle at the stern. The modern jetboat was developed by New Zealand engineer Sir William Hamilton in the mid-1950s. His goal was a boat to run up the fast-flowing rivers of New Zealand that were too shallow for propellers. Previous attempts at waterjet propulsion had very short lifetimes, generally due to the inefficient design of the units and the fact that they offered few advantages over conventional propellers. Unlike these previous waterjet developments, such as Campini's and the , Hamilton had a specific need for a propulsion system to operate in very shallow water, and the waterjet proved to be the ideal solution. The popularity of the jet unit and jetboat increased rapidly. It was found the waterjet was better than propellers for a wide range of vessel types, and waterjets are now used widely for many high-speed vessels including passenger ferries, rescue craft, patrol boats and offshore supply vessels. Jetboats are highly manoeuvrable, and many can be reversed from full speed and brought to a stop within little more than their own length, in a manoeuvre known as a "crash stop". The well known Hamilton turn or "jet spin" is a high-speed manoeuvre where the boat's engine throttle is cut, the steering is turned sharply and the throttle opened again, causing the boat to spin quickly around with a large spray of water. There is no engineering limit to the size of jetboats, though whether they are useful depends on the type of application. Classic prop-drives are generally more efficient and economical at low speeds, up to about 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph), but as boat speed increases, the extra hull resistance generated by struts, rudders, shafts and so on means waterjets are more efficient up to 50 knots (93 km/h; 58 mph). For very large propellers turning at slow speeds, such as in tugboats, the equivalent size waterjet would be too big to be practical. The vast majority of waterjet units are therefore installed in high-speed vessels and in situations where shallow draught, maneuverability, and load flexibility are the main concerns. The biggest jet-driven vessels are found in military use and the high-speed passenger and car ferry industry. South Africa's Valour-class frigates (approximately 120 metres or 390 feet long) and the 127 metres (417 ft) long United States Littoral Combat Ship are among the biggest jet-propelled vessels as of 2020. Even these vessels are capable of performing "crash stops". (en) Jetboat atau kapal jet adalah kapal yang didorong oleh semprotan air dikeluarkan dari belakang kapal. Tidak seperti atau yang menggunakan di dalam air di belakang kapal, sebuah jetboat menarik air dari bawah kapal ke dalam kapal, kemudian mengeluarkannya ke lubang di belakang kapal. Jetboat dirancang oleh penemu untuk beroperasi di sungai yang deras dan dangkal di Selandia Baru untuk menangani masalah pendorong menghantam batu di perairan di atas, meskipun penemu Italia mendemonstrasikan kapal yang mirip di awal 1931 di Venice. Jetboat memiliki manuver yang bagus dan sering kali dapat diputar arahkan dan diberhentikan dalam panjang badannya dari kecepatan penuh dalam sebuah manuver yang dikenal sebagai putaran Hamilton. (in) 噴射快艇是由從船尾噴出的水流推動的小船。與在船下或船後的水中使用外部螺旋槳的機動船或機動船不同，噴射快艇將水從船底通過進水口抽入船內的水泵中，然後通過船尾的噴嘴排出。現代噴射快艇是由新西蘭工程師威廉·漢密爾頓爵士（Sir William Hamilton）在1950年代中期開發的。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | 噴射快艇是由從船尾噴出的水流推動的小船。與在船下或船後的水中使用外部螺旋槳的機動船或機動船不同，噴射快艇將水從船底通過進水口抽入船內的水泵中，然後通過船尾的噴嘴排出。現代噴射快艇是由新西蘭工程師威廉·漢密爾頓爵士（Sir William Hamilton）在1950年代中期開發的。 (zh) Ein Jetboot ist ein Wasserfahrzeug, das statt von einer Schiffsschraube durch einen oder mehrere Wasserstrahlantriebe angetrieben und gelenkt wird. Das zum Vortrieb benötigte Wasser wird im Heckbereich am Boden des Bootsrumpfes angesaugt, da der Bug eines Jetbootes bei schneller Gleitfahrt oft keinen Kontakt mehr zur Wasseroberfläche hat, und durch schwenkbare Düsen ausgestoßen (Jet, Jetstrahl). Mit Umkehrklappen kann auch ein Bremsschub zum Abbremsen des Bootes oder zur Rückwärtsfahrt erzeugt werden. Im weiteren Sinne werden auch Wassermotorräder zu den Jetbooten gezählt. (de) A jetboat is a boat propelled by a jet of water ejected from the back of the craft. Unlike a powerboat or motorboat that uses an external propeller in the water below or behind the boat, a jetboat draws the water from under the boat through an intake and into a pump-jet inside the boat, before expelling it through a nozzle at the stern. The modern jetboat was developed by New Zealand engineer Sir William Hamilton in the mid-1950s. His goal was a boat to run up the fast-flowing rivers of New Zealand that were too shallow for propellers. (en) Jetboat atau kapal jet adalah kapal yang didorong oleh semprotan air dikeluarkan dari belakang kapal. Tidak seperti atau yang menggunakan di dalam air di belakang kapal, sebuah jetboat menarik air dari bawah kapal ke dalam kapal, kemudian mengeluarkannya ke lubang di belakang kapal. Jetboat dirancang oleh penemu untuk beroperasi di sungai yang deras dan dangkal di Selandia Baru untuk menangani masalah pendorong menghantam batu di perairan di atas, meskipun penemu Italia mendemonstrasikan kapal yang mirip di awal 1931 di Venice. (in) |
| rdfs:label | Jetboot (de) Jetboat (in) Jetboat (en) 噴射快艇 (zh) |
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