Kawakita v. United States (original) (raw)
- Kawakita v. United States, 343 U.S. 717 (1952), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that a dual U.S./Japanese citizen could be convicted of treason against the United States for acts performed in Japan during World War II. Tomoya Kawakita, born in California to Japanese parents, was in Japan when the war broke out and stayed in Japan until the war was over. After returning to the United States, he was arrested and charged with treason for having abused American prisoners of war. Kawakita claimed he could not be found guilty of treason since he had lost his U.S. citizenship while in Japan, but this argument was rejected by the courts (including the Supreme Court), which ruled that he had in fact retained his U.S. citizenship during the war. Originally sentenced to death, Kawakita's sentence was commuted to life imprisonment, and he was eventually released from prison, deported to Japan, and barred from ever returning to the United States. Kawakita is currently one of the last people to be convicted of treason in the United States. One other person, John David Provoo, was convicted of treason in 1952. However, Provoo's conviction was overturned on appeal. The distinction currently goes to Herbert John Burgman, who was convicted of treason in 1949. (en)
- 川北対合衆国事件(かわきたたいがっしゅうこくじけん、Kawakita v. United States)は、二重国籍者の地位と反逆罪の成立を巡り争われたアメリカ合衆国の刑事事件である。通称、川北事件。 被告人の川北友弥は、日本とアメリカ合衆国の両国から国民として扱われる状態(二重国籍)であった1943年から1945年にかけて、アメリカ合衆国市民を含む連合国軍戦争捕虜を虐待し敵国に利した咎で、戦争終結後アメリカ合衆国において反逆罪で起訴された。それに対して、川北は、当時アメリカ合衆国市民権を喪失していたので、無罪であると主張した。反逆罪は、その行為主体がアメリカ合衆国市民に限られ、外国人には適用されないからである。 裁判所は第一審から終審までいずれの法廷も、川北のアメリカ合衆国市民権喪失の主張を認めず、川北が二重国籍者であり、反逆罪について有罪と判断し、死刑を言い渡した。1952年に合衆国最高裁判所が下した判決は、他国民としての権利の享受や義務の遂行が原則としてアメリカ合衆国市民権の喪失事由にならないことを示したリーディングケースであり、後年多くの裁判で重国籍者の権利を擁護する根拠として引用されている。 (ja)
- 川北诉合众国案,是美国最高法院的一个案件,在该案中,法院裁定,美国、日本双重国籍的公民可能因在二战期间在日本的行为而被判犯有叛国罪。川北友弥出生于加利福尼亚州,父母是日本人,战争爆发时在日本居住,并一直待在日本直到战争结束。返回美国后,他因虐待美国战俘而被捕并被控叛国罪。川北声称,他不能被判犯有叛国罪,因为他在日本期间失去了美国公民身份,但这一论点被法院(包括最高法院)驳回,法院裁定他在战争期间实际上保留了美国公民身份。最初被判处死刑的川北被减刑为无期徒刑,最终被释放,驱逐到日本,并被禁止再返回美国。 (zh)
- http://openjurist.org/190/f2d/506/tomoya-kawakita-v-united-states
- https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/343/717.html
- https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/343/717/
- https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1395686/united-states-v-tomoya-kawakita/
- http://cdn.loc.gov/service/ll/usrep/usrep343/usrep343717/usrep343717.pdf
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- 川北対合衆国事件(かわきたたいがっしゅうこくじけん、Kawakita v. United States)は、二重国籍者の地位と反逆罪の成立を巡り争われたアメリカ合衆国の刑事事件である。通称、川北事件。 被告人の川北友弥は、日本とアメリカ合衆国の両国から国民として扱われる状態(二重国籍)であった1943年から1945年にかけて、アメリカ合衆国市民を含む連合国軍戦争捕虜を虐待し敵国に利した咎で、戦争終結後アメリカ合衆国において反逆罪で起訴された。それに対して、川北は、当時アメリカ合衆国市民権を喪失していたので、無罪であると主張した。反逆罪は、その行為主体がアメリカ合衆国市民に限られ、外国人には適用されないからである。 裁判所は第一審から終審までいずれの法廷も、川北のアメリカ合衆国市民権喪失の主張を認めず、川北が二重国籍者であり、反逆罪について有罪と判断し、死刑を言い渡した。1952年に合衆国最高裁判所が下した判決は、他国民としての権利の享受や義務の遂行が原則としてアメリカ合衆国市民権の喪失事由にならないことを示したリーディングケースであり、後年多くの裁判で重国籍者の権利を擁護する根拠として引用されている。 (ja)
- 川北诉合众国案,是美国最高法院的一个案件,在该案中,法院裁定,美国、日本双重国籍的公民可能因在二战期间在日本的行为而被判犯有叛国罪。川北友弥出生于加利福尼亚州,父母是日本人,战争爆发时在日本居住,并一直待在日本直到战争结束。返回美国后,他因虐待美国战俘而被捕并被控叛国罪。川北声称,他不能被判犯有叛国罪,因为他在日本期间失去了美国公民身份,但这一论点被法院(包括最高法院)驳回,法院裁定他在战争期间实际上保留了美国公民身份。最初被判处死刑的川北被减刑为无期徒刑,最终被释放,驱逐到日本,并被禁止再返回美国。 (zh)
- Kawakita v. United States, 343 U.S. 717 (1952), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that a dual U.S./Japanese citizen could be convicted of treason against the United States for acts performed in Japan during World War II. Tomoya Kawakita, born in California to Japanese parents, was in Japan when the war broke out and stayed in Japan until the war was over. After returning to the United States, he was arrested and charged with treason for having abused American prisoners of war. Kawakita claimed he could not be found guilty of treason since he had lost his U.S. citizenship while in Japan, but this argument was rejected by the courts (including the Supreme Court), which ruled that he had in fact retained his U.S. citizenship during the war. Originally sentenced to (en)
- Kawakita v. United States (en)
- 川北対合衆国事件 (ja)
- 川北诉合众国案 (zh)
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- Kawakita v. United States (en)
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