List of kings of Ulster (original) (raw)
Короли Ульстера (Улада) — правители одноимённого королевства на севере средневековой Ирландии. Древней столицей королевства был город Эмайн Маха.
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| dbo:abstract | Les Rois d'Ulster étaient des Ulaid, et, jusqu'à l'année 450 a.p.J.C environ, ils gouvernèrent la région d'Ulster en tant que « sur-rois ». La carte de Ptolémée, dressée vers l'an 150 à partir de sources plus anciennes, les nomme les Voluntii. À leur apogée, il semble qu'ils aient été les souverains de ce qui est maintenant le comté de Monaghan, le comté d'Armagh, le comté de Down, le comté d'Antrim et une grande partie du comté de Louth. Le centre de la province était tenu par les Airgíalla, une confédération peu structurée de tribus d'origine Cruithin, qui était vassale des Ulaid, puis des Uí Néill. La carte de Ptolémée liste deux autres tribus plus à l'ouest, les Vennikinii dans le comté de Donegal et les Erpitiani le long des Lough Ernes inférieur et supérieur. Ces deux tribus étaient probablement les sujets des Ulaid. Pourtant, vers l'an 325, Emain Macha, la capitale des Ulaid, fut attaquée et détruite par les , qui vinrent de Connacht. À partir de là, les Ulaid furent lentement affaiblis jusqu'à n'être plus guère que les rois de leurs terres d'origine, à l'est du fleuve Bann, où se situait le cœur de leur territoire. Le titre royal fut porté alternativement par des prétendants issus du royaume de Dál nAraidi (latin Dalaradia) situé au sud du Comté d'Antrim et au nord du Comté de Down et ceux du Dál Fiatach sur la côte du moderne Comté de Down. Quant aux membres du Dál Riata qui occupaient la portion nord-est du Comté d'Antrim il fondérent vers 500 a.p.J.C. un double royaume comprenant également les îles situées à l'ouest de l'Écosse, l'Argyll et le Kintyre : le Dal Riada. En 1080, un roi d'Ulaid, Aed Meranach Ua hEochada, tenta de rétablir la sur-royauté d'Ulaid sur la région. À cause d'une telle persévérance, aucun des descendants de Niall ne détint le titre de roi d'Ulster, mais ils se l'arrogèrent tout de même à partir de 1364. (fr) The King of Ulster (Old Irish: Rí Ulad, Modern Irish: Rí Uladh) also known as the King of Ulaid and King of the Ulaid, was any of the kings of the Irish provincial over-kingdom of Ulaid. The title rí in Chóicid, which means "king of the Fifth", was also sometimes used. Originally referring to the rulers of the Ulaid of legend and the vastly reduced territory of the historical Ulaid, the title rí Ulad ceased to exist after the Norman invasion of Ulaid in 1177 and the subsequent foundation of the Earldom of Ulster. The Mac Dúinnshléibe dynasty of Ulaid (English: Donleavy / Dunleavy) were given the title of rex Hibernicorum Ulidiae, meaning "king of the Irish of Ulaid", until the extinction of their dynasty by the end of the 13th century. After the earldom's collapse in 1333, the title was resurrected and usurped after 1364 by the Ulaid's chief Gaelic rivals the Northern Uí Néill, who had overrun the ruins of the earldom and established the renamed tuath of Clandeboye. The Northern Uí Néill had achieved dominance over the north of Ireland, with their territory corresponding largely to the modern day province of Ulster. The title thus came to apply to their territory, which they likewise renamed Ulaid, now reflecting an area roughly corresponding to the extent of Ulaid in legend. "Prince of Ulster" became a common title for The O'Neill (In Irish: Ui Neill) until the Flight of the Earls in 1607. (en) Ríthe as Cúige Uladh ab ea Rí na nUladh (Sean-Ghaeilge Rí Ulad), idir seanscéalach agus stairiúil. Bronnadh an teidal Rí an Chúige (rí in Chóicid) air scaití. Ríthe na nUlad seanscéalach, agus na críocha níos lú ar chósta thoir thuaidh na tíre, a bhíodh i gceist leis an teideal ó thús. Léiríonn léarscáil Tholamaes (tiomsaithe circa AD 150 ó fhoinsí éagsúla a bhí níos luaithe ann) iad mar Uoluntii agus Darini in aice láimhe. Is cosúil go raibh ceannas díreach acu ar Chontae Mhuineacháin, Chontae Ard Mhacha, Chontae an Dúin, Chontae Aontroma agus cuid mhaith de Chontae Lú mar atá siad anois ann, nuair a bhí a fhorlámhas i mbláth. Ba iad na hOirialla, cónaidhm scaoilte de chine na gCruithneach agus vasáilligh na nUlad, a bhí i gceannas i lár an chúige. Tá dhá threibh eile luaite ag Tolamaes níos faide siar ina léarscáil, na Vennikinii i gContae Dhún na nGall agus na Erpitianni ar feadh Loch Éirne uachtair agus íochtair; bhí an bheirt acu is dócha faoi réir riail na nUlad. Tháinig deireadh leis an teideal tar éis ionradh na Normannach sa bhliain 1177 agus bhunú . Bronnadh an teideal Rex Hibernicorum Ulidiae, .i. "Rí na nGael na nUladh", ar Mhic Dhúinnshléibhe go dtí gur thit an rítheaghlach i léig faoi dheireadh na 13ú haoise. Tar éis teip na hiarlachta sa bhliain 1333, d'fhorghabh agus d'athbheoigh Uí Néill an Tuaiscirt, príomhchéilí comhraic Gaelacha na nUlad, an teideal i ndiaidh na bliana 1364. Mar thoradh, d'éirigh gaol idir an teideal agus a gcuid críoch, agus go deimhin thug siad an t-ainm 'Ulaidh' orthu. (ga) I re dell'Ulster appartenevano agli Ulaid. La mappa dell'Irlanda di Claudio Tolomeo (circa 150) li definisce col nome di "Volunti". All'inizio sembrano aver regnato sulle odierne contee di Monaghan, Armagh, Down e Antrim e su gran parte di quella di Louth. Il centro della provincia era in mano all'Airgialla, una confederazione di tribù Cruithin, vassalli degli Ulaid, e poi degli Uí Néill. La mappa di Tolomeo elenca due tribù più a ovest, i vennikini nella contea di Donegal e gli erpitianni lungo i Lough Erne. Erano probabilmente entrambe soggette agli Ulaid. Mappa dell'Ulster Attorno al 325 la capitale degli Ulaid, Emain Macha, fu attaccata e distrutta dai Tre Colla del Connacht. A partire da questa data gli Ulaid furono progressivamente ridimensionati, fino a restare sovrani solo delle terre a est del Bann. Ancora nel 1080 il sovrano Ulaid Aed Meranach Ua hEochada tentò di riportare il regno alla sua antica estensione. (it) Короли Ульстера (Улада) — правители одноимённого королевства на севере средневековой Ирландии. Древней столицей королевства был город Эмайн Маха. (ru) Królowie Ulsteru – legendarni starożytni oraz historyczni średniowieczni władcy na terenie Ulaidu (ob. Ulster), jednego z pięciu regionów Irlandii. Pierwsi legendarni królowie pochodzili z dynastii Milezjan, z linii Íra, syna Mileda, ze stolicą w Emain Macha. Według tradycji, w r. 331 n.e. trzej bracia Collasowie, pochodzący z Connachtu, dokonali najazdu i podboju centralnych okręgów Ulsteru, znanych później, jako . Z dawnego królestwa Ulatów pozostały tylko szczątki. Synowie , arcykróla Irlandii, dokonali podboju pozostałych zachodnich rubieży. Od ok. 450 n.e. pojawili się pierwsi historyczni królowie Ulsteru z rodu Dál Fiatach, którzy rywalizowali o władzę z członkami rodu Dál nAraidi. Stolicą królestwa była Emain Macha. Rządy nad Ulsterem trwały nieprzerwanie do 1201 r., do czasu definitywnego najazdu normańskiego. Od r. 1177 zaczął się stopniowy podbój Ulsteru przez , który stał na czele trzystu awanturników normańskich. W ciągu pięciu lat zażartych walk podbił cały kraj na wschód od rzeki Bann (obecne hrabstwa Antrim oraz Down). Rządził twardą ręką, jako lord Ulsteru. W 1201 r. królestwo Ulsteru ostatecznie przestało istnieć, a jego ziemie podzielono między Anglo-Normanów i królów Tyrone. (pl) |
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| rdfs:comment | Короли Ульстера (Улада) — правители одноимённого королевства на севере средневековой Ирландии. Древней столицей королевства был город Эмайн Маха. (ru) The King of Ulster (Old Irish: Rí Ulad, Modern Irish: Rí Uladh) also known as the King of Ulaid and King of the Ulaid, was any of the kings of the Irish provincial over-kingdom of Ulaid. The title rí in Chóicid, which means "king of the Fifth", was also sometimes used. (en) Ríthe as Cúige Uladh ab ea Rí na nUladh (Sean-Ghaeilge Rí Ulad), idir seanscéalach agus stairiúil. Bronnadh an teidal Rí an Chúige (rí in Chóicid) air scaití. Ríthe na nUlad seanscéalach, agus na críocha níos lú ar chósta thoir thuaidh na tíre, a bhíodh i gceist leis an teideal ó thús. Léiríonn léarscáil Tholamaes (tiomsaithe circa AD 150 ó fhoinsí éagsúla a bhí níos luaithe ann) iad mar Uoluntii agus Darini in aice láimhe. Is cosúil go raibh ceannas díreach acu ar Chontae Mhuineacháin, Chontae Ard Mhacha, Chontae an Dúin, Chontae Aontroma agus cuid mhaith de Chontae Lú mar atá siad anois ann, nuair a bhí a fhorlámhas i mbláth. Ba iad na hOirialla, cónaidhm scaoilte de chine na gCruithneach agus vasáilligh na nUlad, a bhí i gceannas i lár an chúige. Tá dhá threibh eile luaite ag Tolamaes n (ga) Les Rois d'Ulster étaient des Ulaid, et, jusqu'à l'année 450 a.p.J.C environ, ils gouvernèrent la région d'Ulster en tant que « sur-rois ». La carte de Ptolémée, dressée vers l'an 150 à partir de sources plus anciennes, les nomme les Voluntii. À leur apogée, il semble qu'ils aient été les souverains de ce qui est maintenant le comté de Monaghan, le comté d'Armagh, le comté de Down, le comté d'Antrim et une grande partie du comté de Louth. Le centre de la province était tenu par les Airgíalla, une confédération peu structurée de tribus d'origine Cruithin, qui était vassale des Ulaid, puis des Uí Néill. La carte de Ptolémée liste deux autres tribus plus à l'ouest, les Vennikinii dans le comté de Donegal et les Erpitiani le long des Lough Ernes inférieur et supérieur. Ces deux tribus étaient (fr) I re dell'Ulster appartenevano agli Ulaid. La mappa dell'Irlanda di Claudio Tolomeo (circa 150) li definisce col nome di "Volunti". All'inizio sembrano aver regnato sulle odierne contee di Monaghan, Armagh, Down e Antrim e su gran parte di quella di Louth. Il centro della provincia era in mano all'Airgialla, una confederazione di tribù Cruithin, vassalli degli Ulaid, e poi degli Uí Néill. La mappa di Tolomeo elenca due tribù più a ovest, i vennikini nella contea di Donegal e gli erpitianni lungo i Lough Erne. Erano probabilmente entrambe soggette agli Ulaid. Mappa dell'Ulster (it) Królowie Ulsteru – legendarni starożytni oraz historyczni średniowieczni władcy na terenie Ulaidu (ob. Ulster), jednego z pięciu regionów Irlandii. Pierwsi legendarni królowie pochodzili z dynastii Milezjan, z linii Íra, syna Mileda, ze stolicą w Emain Macha. Według tradycji, w r. 331 n.e. trzej bracia Collasowie, pochodzący z Connachtu, dokonali najazdu i podboju centralnych okręgów Ulsteru, znanych później, jako . Z dawnego królestwa Ulatów pozostały tylko szczątki. Synowie , arcykróla Irlandii, dokonali podboju pozostałych zachodnich rubieży. (pl) |
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