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إصلاحات الرفاه الليبرالية (1906-1914) هي سلسلة من الإجراءات التشريعية الاجتماعية مررها الحزب الليبرالي بعد الانتخابات العامة لعام 1906. مثلت تلك الإصلاحات انبثاق دولة الرفاه المعاصرة في المملكة المتحدة. تظهر الإصلاحات الانقسام الذي طفا داخل الليبرالية، بين الليبرالية الاجتماعية الصاعدة والليبرالية الكلاسيكية، وتغير في الاتجاه للحزب الليبرالي من مبدأ عدم التدخل الليبرالي الكلاسيكي إلى حزب يناصر حكومةً أكبر وأنشط تحمي رفاه مواطنيها. يحاجج المؤرخ جي. آر. سيرل إن للإصلاحات أسبابًا متعددة، بما في ذلك الحاجة لصد تحدي حزب العمال والإنسانوية الصرفة والنجاعة الوطنية والتزام تجاه نموذج محدث من رأسمالية الرفاه. من خلال تنفيذ الإصلاحات خارج قوانين إعانة الفقراء الإنجليزية، حُذفت الوصمة الملتصقة بالإعانة المزعومة أيضًا. خلال حملة الانتخابات العامة لعام 1906، لم يجعل كل من الحزبين الرئيسيين من الفقر مسألةً انتخابية أساسية ولم تُقطع أي وعود لتقديم إصلاحات الرفاه. بعيدًا عن ذلك، انتصر الليبراليون بقيادة هنري كامبل-بانرمان ولاحقًا هـ. هـ. أسكويث انتصارًا ساحقًا وبدأوا بتقديم إصلاحات واسعة في اللحظة التي استلموا فيها المناصب. (ar) The Liberal welfare reforms (1906–1914) were a series of acts of social legislation passed by the Liberal Party after the 1906 general election. They represent the emergence of the modern welfare state in the United Kingdom. The reforms demonstrate the split that had emerged within liberalism, between emerging social liberalism and classical liberalism, and a change in direction for the Liberal Party from laissez-faire traditional liberalism to a party advocating a larger, more active government protecting the welfare of its citizens. The historian G. R. Searle argued that the reforms had multiple causes, including "the need to fend off the challenge of Labour; pure humanitarianism; the search for electoral popularity; considerations of National Efficiency; and a commitment to a modernised version of welfare capitalism." By implementing the reforms outside the English Poor Laws, the stigma attached to claiming relief was also removed. During the 1906 general election campaign, neither of the two major parties made poverty an important election issue and no promises were made to introduce welfare reforms. Despite this, the Liberals led by Henry Campbell-Bannerman and later H. H. Asquith won a landslide victory and began introducing wide-ranging reforms as soon as they took office. (en) As reformas liberais do bem-estar (1906-1914) foram uma série de atos de legislação social aprovada pelo Partido Liberal Britânico após a eleição geral de 1906. Eles representam o surgimento do estado de bem-estar social moderno na Grã-Bretanha. As reformas demonstram a divisão que havia surgido no liberalismo, entre o liberalismo moderno e o liberalismo clássico, e uma mudança de direção do liberalismo tradicional do laissez-faire para um partido que defendia um governo maior e mais ativo que protegesse o bem-estar de seus cidadãos. . O historiador G. R. Searle argumentou que as reformas tinham múltiplas causas, incluindo "a necessidade de afastar o desafio do trabalho; o humanitarismo puro; a busca pela popularidade eleitoral; considerações de eficiência nacional; e um compromisso com uma versão modernizada do capitalismo assistencialista". Ao implementar as reformas fora das Leis Inglesas Pobres, o estigma associado à reivindicação de alívio também foi removido. Durante a campanha Eleitoral Geral de 1906, nenhum dos dois principais partidos fez da pobreza uma importante questão eleitoral e nenhuma promessa foi feita para introduzir reformas de bem-estar. Apesar disso, os liberais liderados por Henry Campbell-Bannerman e mais tarde H. H. Asquith obtiveram uma vitória esmagadora e começaram a introduzir amplas reformas assim que assumiram o cargo. (pt) |
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إصلاحات الرفاه الليبرالية (1906-1914) هي سلسلة من الإجراءات التشريعية الاجتماعية مررها الحزب الليبرالي بعد الانتخابات العامة لعام 1906. مثلت تلك الإصلاحات انبثاق دولة الرفاه المعاصرة في المملكة المتحدة. تظهر الإصلاحات الانقسام الذي طفا داخل الليبرالية، بين الليبرالية الاجتماعية الصاعدة والليبرالية الكلاسيكية، وتغير في الاتجاه للحزب الليبرالي من مبدأ عدم التدخل الليبرالي الكلاسيكي إلى حزب يناصر حكومةً أكبر وأنشط تحمي رفاه مواطنيها. (ar) The Liberal welfare reforms (1906–1914) were a series of acts of social legislation passed by the Liberal Party after the 1906 general election. They represent the emergence of the modern welfare state in the United Kingdom. The reforms demonstrate the split that had emerged within liberalism, between emerging social liberalism and classical liberalism, and a change in direction for the Liberal Party from laissez-faire traditional liberalism to a party advocating a larger, more active government protecting the welfare of its citizens. (en) As reformas liberais do bem-estar (1906-1914) foram uma série de atos de legislação social aprovada pelo Partido Liberal Britânico após a eleição geral de 1906. Eles representam o surgimento do estado de bem-estar social moderno na Grã-Bretanha. As reformas demonstram a divisão que havia surgido no liberalismo, entre o liberalismo moderno e o liberalismo clássico, e uma mudança de direção do liberalismo tradicional do laissez-faire para um partido que defendia um governo maior e mais ativo que protegesse o bem-estar de seus cidadãos. . (pt) |
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إصلاحات الرفاه الليبرالية (ar) Liberal welfare reforms (en) Reformas de bem-estar social liberais (pt) |
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