List of unprotected cruisers of Germany (original) (raw)

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In the 1880s and 1890s, Germany built nine unprotected cruisers in three classes. These ships proved to be transitional designs, and experience gathered with them and a series of avisos helped to produce the first light cruisers of the German Navy. The unprotected cruisers, generally designed for service in Germany's colonial empire, required great endurance and relatively heavy firepower. The first ships of the type, the two Schwalbe-class cruisers, were acquired in an effort to modernize an aged cruiser force that relied primarily on old sail frigates. The new ships were primarily steam-powered but retained auxiliary sailing rigs. The second design, the Bussard class, was larger than the Schwalbe class and mounted newer, quick-firing guns, but was otherwise generally similar in capabil

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dbo:abstract In the 1880s and 1890s, Germany built nine unprotected cruisers in three classes. These ships proved to be transitional designs, and experience gathered with them and a series of avisos helped to produce the first light cruisers of the German Navy. The unprotected cruisers, generally designed for service in Germany's colonial empire, required great endurance and relatively heavy firepower. The first ships of the type, the two Schwalbe-class cruisers, were acquired in an effort to modernize an aged cruiser force that relied primarily on old sail frigates. The new ships were primarily steam-powered but retained auxiliary sailing rigs. The second design, the Bussard class, was larger than the Schwalbe class and mounted newer, quick-firing guns, but was otherwise generally similar in capabilities. SMS Gefion, the final cruiser of the type, represented an attempt to merge the requirements for a colonial cruiser with those for a fleet scout as a result of Germany's chronically small naval budget; the design was unsatisfactory, and rather than continuing to build unprotected cruisers, German naval designers began work on the Gazelle class, the first modern light cruiser of the German Navy. All nine cruisers served extensively in Germany's colonies and foreign interests, particularly in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific. They participated in the suppression of numerous rebellions, including the Abushiri Revolt in German East Africa in 1889–90, the Boxer Uprising in China in 1900–1901, and the Sokehs Rebellion in the Caroline Islands in 1911. Most of the ships were recalled to Germany and decommissioned by the early 1910s, having been replaced by the newer light cruisers. Bussard and Falke were scrapped in 1912, but the rest continued on in secondary roles. Of the remaining seven ships, only Cormoran and Geier remained abroad at the start of World War I in August 1914. Cormoran was stationed in Tsingtao, but her engines were worn out, so she was scuttled to prevent her capture. Geier briefly operated against British shipping in the Pacific before running low on coal. She put into Hawaii, where she was interned by the US Navy. After the United States declared war on Germany in April 1917, she was seized and commissioned into American service as USS Schurz, though she was accidentally sunk in a collision in June 1918. Seeadler, employed as a mine storage hulk in Wilhelmshaven during the war, was destroyed by an accidental explosion in 1917. Condor, Schwalbe, Sperber, and Gefion were used in a variety of secondary roles during the war, including as floating barracks, training cruisers, and target ships. The first three ships were all broken up for scrap in the early 1920s, while Gefion was briefly used as a freighter, before she too was scrapped, in 1923. (en) 德国无防护巡洋舰列表中包含所有由德意志帝国海军在1880年代至1890年代期间建造的无防护巡洋舰。在这段时期，德意志帝国海军共建造三个舰级共9艘无防护巡洋舰。这些舰只后来被证明只是过渡性的设计，通过设计和建造这批舰只和一系列的通报舰所积累的经验为德国海军建造第一艘轻巡洋舰打下基础。这批无防护巡洋舰是为在殖民地服役而设计，为此她们需要极强的续航能力和相对强大的火力。第一批这种类型的舰只是两艘燕子级，她们是为了使一支老化、主要依靠旧式风帆巡防舰的巡洋舰队现代化而购置的。这批新舰主要采用蒸汽动力驱动，但保留辅助的帆索设备。第二批是美洲鹰级，她们比燕子级的舰体更大，装备新型，但在其他方面的性能基本相同。由于德国海军预算长期低迷，最后一艘无防护巡洋舰吉菲昂号在设计上尝试将殖民地巡洋舰与舰队侦察舰的需求相结合起来。然而这种设计最终不能令人满意。结果德国海军设计者不再继续建造无防护巡洋舰，而是转而开始建造第一批现代化轻巡洋舰——瞪羚级。 这9艘无防护巡洋舰在德国的海外殖民地和权益区域，特别是在非洲、亚洲和太平洋地区，都十分活跃。她们参与镇压许多叛乱，包括1889年至1890年间在德属东非发生的，1900年至1901年间在中国发生的义和团运动，以及1911年在加罗林群岛发生的。大多数舰只最终被召回德国本土，并在1910年代早期退役，取而代之的是更新的轻巡洋舰。美洲鹰号和隼号在1912年被除籍，但其余几艘舰只仍旧继续担任次要角色。在剩下的7艘舰只中，只有鸬鹚号和兀鹰号在1914年8月第一次世界大战开始时还留在海外。鸬鹚号当时驻扎在青岛，但是她的引擎破损，为了防止被俘获，所以选择自沉。兀鹰号在自身储煤快用完之前曾在太平洋地区短暂地对抗英国的航运活动。之后她在夏威夷入港，并在那里被美国海军拘留。1917年4月美国对德国宣战后，她被扣押，改名为舒尔茨号，并作为美国海军继续服役，然而在1918年6月的一次碰撞中意外沉没。战争期间，海鹰号被调拨为威廉港的水雷储藏废船，在1917年的一次意外爆炸中摧毁。秃鹫号、燕子号、食雀鹰号和吉菲昂号在战争中被用于各种次要角色，包括浮动兵营、训练巡洋舰和。前3艘舰只都在1920年代早期拆解，而吉菲昂号在1923年拆解之前被短暂用作商船。 (zh)
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rdfs:comment In the 1880s and 1890s, Germany built nine unprotected cruisers in three classes. These ships proved to be transitional designs, and experience gathered with them and a series of avisos helped to produce the first light cruisers of the German Navy. The unprotected cruisers, generally designed for service in Germany's colonial empire, required great endurance and relatively heavy firepower. The first ships of the type, the two Schwalbe-class cruisers, were acquired in an effort to modernize an aged cruiser force that relied primarily on old sail frigates. The new ships were primarily steam-powered but retained auxiliary sailing rigs. The second design, the Bussard class, was larger than the Schwalbe class and mounted newer, quick-firing guns, but was otherwise generally similar in capabil (en) 德国无防护巡洋舰列表中包含所有由德意志帝国海军在1880年代至1890年代期间建造的无防护巡洋舰。在这段时期，德意志帝国海军共建造三个舰级共9艘无防护巡洋舰。这些舰只后来被证明只是过渡性的设计，通过设计和建造这批舰只和一系列的通报舰所积累的经验为德国海军建造第一艘轻巡洋舰打下基础。这批无防护巡洋舰是为在殖民地服役而设计，为此她们需要极强的续航能力和相对强大的火力。第一批这种类型的舰只是两艘燕子级，她们是为了使一支老化、主要依靠旧式风帆巡防舰的巡洋舰队现代化而购置的。这批新舰主要采用蒸汽动力驱动，但保留辅助的帆索设备。第二批是美洲鹰级，她们比燕子级的舰体更大，装备新型，但在其他方面的性能基本相同。由于德国海军预算长期低迷，最后一艘无防护巡洋舰吉菲昂号在设计上尝试将殖民地巡洋舰与舰队侦察舰的需求相结合起来。然而这种设计最终不能令人满意。结果德国海军设计者不再继续建造无防护巡洋舰，而是转而开始建造第一批现代化轻巡洋舰——瞪羚级。 (zh)
rdfs:label List of unprotected cruisers of Germany (en) 德国无防护巡洋舰列表 (zh)
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