Ludwig Frank (original) (raw)
لودويغ فرانك (و. 1874 – 1914 م) هو سياسي، ومحامي ألماني، كان عضوًا في الحزب الديمقراطي الاجتماعي الألماني، توفي عن عمر يناهز 40 عاماً.
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| dbo:abstract | لودويغ فرانك (و. 1874 – 1914 م) هو سياسي، ومحامي ألماني، كان عضوًا في الحزب الديمقراطي الاجتماعي الألماني، توفي عن عمر يناهز 40 عاماً. (ar) Ludwig Frank (* 23. Mai 1874 in Nonnenweier (Baden); † 3. September 1914 bei Baccarat in Lothringen) war ein deutscher Rechtsanwalt und Politiker der Sozialdemokratischen Partei Deutschlands (SPD). Frank vertrat seine Partei unter anderem im Badischen Landtag und im Reichstag. Er betätigte sich zudem als Organisator der sozialistischen Arbeiterjugendbewegung und entwickelte sich in der SPD zu einem Wortführer des süddeutschen Reformismus. Ihm lag daran, in den gegebenen staatlichen und öffentlichen Institutionen zusammen mit liberalen Politikern Verbesserungen für die Arbeiterschaft durchzusetzen. Besonderen Stellenwert hatte für Frank dabei die Beseitigung diskriminierender Wahlrechtsbestimmungen. In weiten Teilen der Sozialdemokratie außerhalb Süddeutschlands stieß die reformistische Strategie auf entschiedene Kritik. Am Vorabend des Ersten Weltkriegs bemühte er sich um eine Verständigung von Parlamentariern aus Frankreich und Deutschland. Auf seine Anregung luden schweizerische Parlamentarier zu einer deutsch-französischen Verständigungskonferenz nach Bern ein, die im Mai 1913 stattfand. Im August 1914, bei Kriegsausbruch, gehörte Frank schließlich zu den entschiedenen Verfechtern einer Burgfriedenspolitik. Er selbst meldete sich freiwillig zum Dienst an der Waffe und fiel etwa einen Monat nach Kriegsbeginn. (de) Ludwig Frank (23 May 1874 – 3 September 1914) was a German lawyer and politician (SPD). He represented his party in the Baden Ständeversammlung (the Grand Duchy's parliament) in Karlsruhe between 1905 and 1914, as well as in the Imperial Parliament (Reichstag) in Berlin between 1907 and 1914. He was active as an organiser within the socialist youth movement, and emerged at an early stage as an advocate of political reformism in south Germany. He was willing to work with liberal politicians in matters of shared concern, such as the need for improvements in state institutions and working conditions. The replacement of the infamous "Dreiklassenwahlrecht" (Three class voting system) of Prussia was a particular priority, though he died before this democratic reform was enacted. Much of the reformist agenda that he backed was already considered relatively mainstream in Baden, his home region, but drew more concerted criticism in other parts of Germany. During the build-up to the First World War Frank tried to engineer an understanding between parliamentarians in France and Germany. At his instigation parliamentarians in Switzerland invited German and French counterparts to a conference in Bern in order to progress the project by devising international criminal justice mechanisms that could contribute to the peaceful settlement of disputes between governments. The Bern conference was held in May 1913, but the outbreak of war in July 1914 demonstrated the near-term limitations of the project. Over the next few weeks of the war Ludwig Frank emerged as a leading and uncompromising SPD proponent in the Reichstag of a parliamentary truce for the duration of the war. Ludwig Frank volunteered for military service on 5 August 1914 and was enrolled into the Imperial Army on 13 August 1914 as a member of the "Mannheim Landwehr Battalion". Despite his passionate attempts to avoid the outbreak of war, now that it was under way he became convinced that "the foundations for unforeseeable progress will be laid in this war", as he explained in a letter to his friend and political ally Albert Südekum, sent from the frontline on 31 August 1914. His first experience of battle came on 3 September 1914 in a skirmish near Nossoncourt, a strategically located village in the hill-country south-east of Nancy. He was shot in the head and died a few hours later. (en) Ludwig Frank (né le 23 mai 1874 à Nonnenweier - mort le 3 septembre 1914 à Baccarat) était un avocat et un homme politique allemand. (fr) Ludwig Frank, född 23 maj 1874 i numera del av Schwanau i Baden, död 3 september 1914 vid Nossoncourt nära Lunéville (stupad i strid), var en tysk socialdemokratisk politiker. Frank, som var av judisk börd, blev 1899 juris doktor, ägnade sig sedan 1900 åt advokatverksamhet i Mannheim och var från 1905 ledamot av Badens lantdag samt från 1907 av tyska riksdagen. Han var en av de främsta företrädarna för den revisionistiska riktningen inom den tyska socialdemokratin. Han var en av initiativtagarna till den socialdemokratiska ungdomsrörelsen i Tyskland, stiftade Förbundet av Tysklands unga arbetare och utgav rörelsens organ "Die Junge Garde". I syfte att främja ett närmande mellan Tyskland och Frankrike deltog han verksamt i åstadkommandet av ett tysk-franskt parlamentarikermöte i Bern 1913. I slutet av augusti 1914 gick han ut som frivillig i första världskriget, enligt egen förklaring för att i handling visa, att det socialdemokratiska partiets anslutning till regeringen vid riksdagssammanträdet den 4 augusti "ej berodde på taktiskt tvång, utan hade sin källa i ett inre behov" och att Tysklands socialdemokrater "tog sin plikt att försvara fäderneslandet på fullaste allvar". I den första strid, i vilken han deltog, stupade han för en kula i huvudet. Hans död betraktades som en symbol för den nationella enigheten i Tyskland under tiden närmast efter krigsutbrottet. Bland hans skrifter märks Die jugendlichen Arbeiter und ihre Organisation (1906). (sv) |
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| dbp:name | Ludwig Frank (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | لودويغ فرانك (و. 1874 – 1914 م) هو سياسي، ومحامي ألماني، كان عضوًا في الحزب الديمقراطي الاجتماعي الألماني، توفي عن عمر يناهز 40 عاماً. (ar) Ludwig Frank (né le 23 mai 1874 à Nonnenweier - mort le 3 septembre 1914 à Baccarat) était un avocat et un homme politique allemand. (fr) Ludwig Frank (* 23. Mai 1874 in Nonnenweier (Baden); † 3. September 1914 bei Baccarat in Lothringen) war ein deutscher Rechtsanwalt und Politiker der Sozialdemokratischen Partei Deutschlands (SPD). Frank vertrat seine Partei unter anderem im Badischen Landtag und im Reichstag. Er betätigte sich zudem als Organisator der sozialistischen Arbeiterjugendbewegung und entwickelte sich in der SPD zu einem Wortführer des süddeutschen Reformismus. Ihm lag daran, in den gegebenen staatlichen und öffentlichen Institutionen zusammen mit liberalen Politikern Verbesserungen für die Arbeiterschaft durchzusetzen. Besonderen Stellenwert hatte für Frank dabei die Beseitigung diskriminierender Wahlrechtsbestimmungen. In weiten Teilen der Sozialdemokratie außerhalb Süddeutschlands stieß die reformistische Str (de) Ludwig Frank (23 May 1874 – 3 September 1914) was a German lawyer and politician (SPD). He represented his party in the Baden Ständeversammlung (the Grand Duchy's parliament) in Karlsruhe between 1905 and 1914, as well as in the Imperial Parliament (Reichstag) in Berlin between 1907 and 1914. (en) Ludwig Frank, född 23 maj 1874 i numera del av Schwanau i Baden, död 3 september 1914 vid Nossoncourt nära Lunéville (stupad i strid), var en tysk socialdemokratisk politiker. Frank, som var av judisk börd, blev 1899 juris doktor, ägnade sig sedan 1900 åt advokatverksamhet i Mannheim och var från 1905 ledamot av Badens lantdag samt från 1907 av tyska riksdagen. Han var en av de främsta företrädarna för den revisionistiska riktningen inom den tyska socialdemokratin. Han var en av initiativtagarna till den socialdemokratiska ungdomsrörelsen i Tyskland, stiftade Förbundet av Tysklands unga arbetare och utgav rörelsens organ "Die Junge Garde". (sv) |
| rdfs:label | لودويغ فرانك (ar) Ludwig Frank (SPD) (de) Ludwig Frank (fr) Ludwig Frank (en) Ludwig Frank (sv) |
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| foaf:name | Ludwig Frank (en) |
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